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1.
Dr. Y. W. Ho Professor G. Varghese Dr. G. S. T. Aylor 《Journal of Phytopathology》1985,114(3):193-202
Pathogenicity tests with Fusarium oxysporum isolated form Malaysian oil palm were made with oil palms seedlings raised form Malaysian seed as well s with wilt-susceptible seedlings gown from African seed. Oil palm seedlings grown form Malaysian seed were also inoculated with African isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis and F. oxysporum var. redolens. The experiments were made under normal soil moisture conditions and under water stress. F. oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis isolates form Africa were pathogenic to oil palm seedlings from Malaysian seeds but the Malaysian F oxysporum isolates were non-pathogenic to plams grown from Malaysian seed or the wilt-susceptible palms from African seed. Seedlings from Malaysian seed proved to be highly susceptible to the vascular wilt disease caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis as 75–90% of the palms were infected. The susceptibility of the palms from Malaysian seed varied with different African isolates tested. The Yaligimba isolate from Zaire which was found to be F. oxysporum var. redolens was the most virulent. Disease was more severe when oil palm seedlings were subjected to a period of water stress. The incidence of death in the seedlings under stress conditions was 45% as compared with only 15% for palms grown under normal conditions. 相似文献
2.
Protein and esterase patterns of eleven isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis, one isolate of F. oxysporum var. redolens pathogenic to oil palm from Africa and six non-pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum from oil palm soils in Malaysia were studied by vertical disc-electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing, to determine whether the pathogenic and saprophytic forms of F. oxysporum could be distinguished using these two methods. The protein patterns of all the isolates studied by the two methods were almost identical qualitatively and it was impossible to distinguish between the pathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis and F. oxysporum var. redolens from Africa and saprophytic isolates of F. oxysporum from Malaysia. Esterase zymograms of the isolates produced by the two methods were different. Esterase zymograms produced by vertical disc-electrophoresis showed great variations between and within the African and Malaysian isolates, but the esterase patterns produced by isoelectric focusing were almost identical qualitatively. 相似文献
3.
《Journal of Plant Interactions》2013,8(1):17-23
Abstract In the present study the effect of flavonoid compounds on the germination and fungal growth of the soil-borne tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was studied. Out of 12 flavonoid compounds only myricetin and luteolin exhibited a low stimulating activity on microconidia germination of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, whereas the other flavonoids tested were inactive when applied at five different concentrations. In our study the tested flavonoids affect fungal growth differently to microconidia germination. Individual flavonoid concentrations resulted in a small increase of fungal growth, but the lowest flavonoid concentrations showed an inhibiting effect on fungal growth for all flavonoids tested. There is evidence to suggest, that low flavonoid concentrations exhibit slight antimicrobial properties against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. 相似文献
4.
Various chitinases have been shown to inhibit the growth of fungal pathogens in in vitro as well as in planta conditions.
chi194, a wheat chitinases gene encoding a 33-kDa chitinase protein, was overexpressed in tomato plants (cv. Pusa Ruby) under the
control of maize ubiquitin 1 promoter. The integration of transgene in tomato plants was confirmed with polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) and Southern blot analysis. The inheritance of the transgene in T1 and T2 generations were shown by molecular analysis and the hygromycin sensitivity test. The broad range of chitinase activity was
observed among the transgenic lines in T0 and a similar range was retained in the T1 and T2 generations. Most importantly, the transgenic tomato lines with high chitinase activity were found to be highly resistant
to the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Thus, the results demonstrated that the expression of the wheat endochitinase chi194 in tomato plants confers resistance against Fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. 相似文献
5.
Effect of caffeoylshikimic acid of date palm roots on activity and production of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis cell wall‐degrading enzymes The caffeoylshikimic acid (CSA), a major phenolic compound of date palm roots, represents one of the resistance factors of the host to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. The CSA was tested at various concentrations (0,25 to 3 µ mol/ml) on the activity and the production of F. oxysporum f. sp. albediniscell wall‐degrading enzymes (CWDE): proteases, cellulases, pectinemethyl‐esterases (PME), polygalacturonases (PG) and polygalacturonate trans‐eliminases (PGTE). The results obtained show that CSA had very little effect on the activity of the various enzymes although it greatly reduced their production. The mycelial growth was also affected by CSA, but this does not explain why only the production of CWDE was noticeably reduced. In order to explain this differential effect of CSA on the activity and production of CWDE, in one group of experiments the effects of the products of hydrolysis of CSA (caffeic acid and shikimic acid) was tested and in another, the effect of the products of CSA (quinones) obtained by tyrosinase oxidation was investigated. The results obtained show that the shikimic acid did not have a significant effect on the activity of the CWDE but presented a weak inhibition of their production.The caffeic acid showed a larger inhibition of the activity of the various CWDE that was more than that of CSA and its inhibiting effect appeared to be more important during their production. The oxidation of CSA by tyrosinase was accompanied by a greater inhibition of the activity of the various CWDE. This inhibition was appreciable in comparison with that observed due to the effect of non‐oxidized CSA on CWDE production. In the same way, oxidation of caffeic acid provoked a greater inhibiting effect on the activity of CWDE than unoxidized caffeic acid. These results suggests that CSA generates products of hydrolysis (in particular caffeic acid) and products of oxidation (quinones) which inhibit the activity of the proteolytic, cellulolytic and pectinolytic enzymes produced by F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis in the culture medium. 相似文献
6.
Chromatographic Characterization and Phytotoxic Activity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis and Saprophytic Strain Toxins 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Amraoui H. B. Lazrek M. H. Sedra F. Sampieri P. Mansuelle H. Rochat A. Hamdaoui 《Journal of Phytopathology》2005,153(4):203-208
The bayoud disease, vascular fusariosis of date palm tree (Phoenix dactylifera L.), is caused by the pathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. The characteristic symptoms of the bayoud disease were elicited on detached leaves of F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis‐susceptible cultivars of date palm trees, which were treated either with the FII (F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) fraction purified from the organic extracts of a F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis liquid culture, or with a solution of fusaric acid. Enniatins, which are secreted by several Fusarium species, were tested at different concentrations and were not capable of inducing symptoms on such detached leaves. The FII (F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) fraction was unable to induce necrosis of potato slices, which indicates that it does not contain significant amounts of enniatins. The high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiles of the FII (F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) fraction showed toxic peaks different from fusaric acid. A fraction, named FII (AZ4), was obtained from culture filtrates of a saprophytic Fusarium strain maintained in the same cultural conditions as for the F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. The HPLC profile of the FII (AZ4) fraction did not show the characteristic phytotoxic peaks present in the FII (F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) fraction. This finding well agrees with the fact that the FII (AZ4) fraction is not toxic to detached date palm leaves. Moreover, the HPLC profiles of FII fractions obtained from other special forms of F. oxysporum are different the FII (F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) profile. The phytotoxic compounds purified from the FII (F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis) fraction are probably new molecules that may help in understanding the pathogenesis of bayoud disease. 相似文献
7.
Masaru Matsumoto 《Mycoscience》2006,47(4):190-197
The utility of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles for characterization and differentiation of isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici was investigated. Two fatty acid analysis protocols of the normal (MIDI) and a modified MIDI method were used for their utility.
Only the modified MIDI method allowed a clear differentiation between F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. radicislycopersici. FAME profiles using the modified MIDI method gave the most consistent and reproducible analyzed fatty acid data. Evaluation
of the FAME profiles based on cluster analysis and principal-component analysis revealed that FAME profiles from tested isolates
were correlated with the same vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) compared to the same races in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Results indicated that FAME profiles could be an additional tool useful for characterizing isolates and forma species of
F. oxysporum obtained from tomato. 相似文献
8.
Mohandas Sukhada Manamohan M. Rawal R.D. Chakraborty Saikat Sreekantappa H. Manjula R. Lakshmikantha H.C. 《World journal of microbiology & biotechnology》2004,20(6):651-655
Effect of precolonization of banana cv Neeypovan roots with Pseudomonas fluorescens on infection with Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense was studied. Under in vitro conditions Pseudomonas fluorescens clearly inhibited Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Fluorescein isothiocyanate-tagged antibodies raised in a rabbit system for Pseudomonas fluorescens and Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense separately were used to study the spread of both organisms in banana root. It was observed that precolonization with Pseudomonas fluorescens could reduce Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense colonization by 72%, and also correlated with a number of structural changes in the cortical cells, mainly with densely stained
amorphous material and polymorphic wall thickenings as revealed by light and electron microscopic studies. Massive depositions
of unusual structures at sites of fungal entry was also noticed, which clearly indicated that bacterized root cells were signalled
to mobilize a number of defence structures for preventing the spread of pathogen in the tissue.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
Summary
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.dianthi, pathogenic on carnation plants is very sensitive toBacillus subtilis M51 inhibition.Fusarium oxysporum disease (fusariosis) is prevented for a period of two months after treatment of plants withBacillus subtilis M51. The persistence ofB. subtilis M51, marked for selenomycin resistance (MZ51) and inoculated on the roots of carnation cuttings was studied. Soil used was
two types: naturally infested withFusarium oxysporum and free from this pathogen. Bacterial cells presence on the roots was detected by direct plating and the presence of the
pathogen in the roots was investigated by histological assays. Evidence gathered by these procedures suggest that plant protection
is dependent on the physical presence ofB. subtilis M51 cells on the roots. 相似文献
10.
I. S. Elewa M. H. Mostafa A. F. Sahab 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(5):493-504
In Egypt, sesame cultivation is subject to attack by wilt and root-rot diseases caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami (Zap) Cast. and Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl) Ashby causing losses in quality and quantity of sesame seed yield. Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma viride isolates which were isolated from sesame rhizosphere were the most effective to antagonise fungal pathogens, causing high reduction of hyphal fungal growth. Trichoderma viride was found to be mycoparasitic on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. sesami and M. phaseolina causing morphological atternation of fungal cells and sclerotial formation. In general, Bacillus subtilis, T. viride, avirulent Fusarium oxysporum isolate and Glomus spp. (Amycorrhizae) significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence of sesame plants at artificially infested potted soil by each one or two pathogens. Data obtained indicate that Glomus spp significantly reduced wilt and disease severity development on sesame plants followed by T. viride. Meanwhile, avirulent Fusarium oxysporum isolate followed by Glomus spp. were effective against root-rot disease incidence caused by M. phaseolina. Glomus spp. followed by B. subtilis significantly reduced wilt and root-rot disease of sesame plants. All biotic agents significantly reduced F. oxysporum f.sp. sesami and M. phaseolina counts in sesame rhizosphere at the lowest level. Glomus spp. and the avirulent isolate of F. oxysporum eliminated M. phaseolina in sesame rhizosphere. Meanwhile T. viride was the best agent at reducing F. oxysporum at a lower level than other treatments. Application of VA mycorrhizae (Glomus spp.) in fields naturally infested by pathogens significantly reduced wilt and root-rot incidence and it significantly colonised sesame root systems and rhizospheres compared to untreated sesame transplantings. 相似文献
11.
K. Hibar V. Edel-Herman Ch. Steinberg N. Gautheron M. Daami-Remadi C. Alabouvette M. El Mahjoub 《Journal of Phytopathology》2007,155(3):136-142
Fusarium crown and root rot of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici is a new devastative disease of tomato greenhouse crops in Tunisia. Nothing is known neither about the population of this pathogen in this region, nor about the population of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici the causal agent of Fusarium wilt of tomato. In order to examine the genetic relatedness among the F. oxysporum isolates by intergenic spacer restriction fragment length polymorphism (IGS‐RFLP) analysis and to elucidate the origin of the formae specialesradicis‐lycopersici in Tunisia by looking for genetic similarity of Tunisians isolates with isolates from a foreign source, the genetic diversity among F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici and F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici populations was investigated. A total of 62 isolates of F. oxysporum, obtained from symptomless tomato plants, were characterized using IGS typing and pathogenicity tests on tomato plants. All Fusarium isolates were highly pathogenic on tomato. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici isolates were separated into five IGS types. From the 53 F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici isolates, 34 isolates have the same IGS types (IGS type 25), and the remaining 19 isolates were distributed into four IGS types. However, the only nine isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici have six different IGS types. This difference of diversity between the two formae speciales suggests that F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis‐lycopersici isolates have a foreign origin and may have been accidentally introduced into Tunisia. 相似文献
12.
Histopathology of Oil Palm Seedlings Infected by, Pathogenic Fusarium oxysporum Isolates from Africa
Oil palm seedlings (one-leaf stage) grown from Malaysian seed were inoculated with six African isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. elaeidis and one African isolate of Fusarium oxysporum var. redolens. All the isolates induced similar symptoms and anatomical responses in the inoculated palms. The pathogen invaded the root, bulb, leaf bases and leaves in that sequence. In the root and bulb, infection resulted in plugging of xylem elements with mycelium, conidia, tyloses and gums, disintegration and plugging of phloem tissues, disintegration of plugged vascular elements forming gaps and cavities, and collapse of cortical tissues leading to the isolation of the infected vascular tissues. Formation of hypertrophic or hyperplastic cells in the xylem parenchyma was not observed. Anatomical changes in the infected leaf bases and petioles were similar to those occurring in the infected bulb; except that tyloses were formed less frequently. Generally there was no sign of the pathogen in the wilted leaf blade, but the epidermal, hypodermal and mesophyll cells appeared shrunken or to have collapsed. No hyphae or anatomical changes were observed m the tissues of symptomless inoculated palms. 相似文献
13.
Patrícia Silva Flores Wagner Campos Otoni Onkar Dev Dhingra Sérgio Paulo Severo de Souza Diniz Telma Miranda dos Santos Claudio Horst Bruckner 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2012,108(1):37-45
Fusarium vascular wilt (caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae) is a limiting factor in the cultivation of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis). Since there is no effective and economically viable control available, development of resistant or at least tolerant cultivars
are in demand. A number of procedures have been used for the initial selection of plant genotypes resistant to various fungal
pathogens by means of a fungal culture filtrate or purified toxin. In this study, seeds and in vitro-grown plantlets of passion
fruit were screened with different concentrations of either Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. passiflorae (FOP) culture filtrate (0, 20, 30, 40 or 50%, v/v) or fusaric acid (0.10, 0.20, 0.30 or 0.40 mM) supplemented in Murashige
and Skoog (MS) basal media. Subsequently, selected plants were inoculated with a conidial suspension of FOP to assess correlation
between in vivo and in vitro responses. In vitro sensitivity to the selective agents and the resistance response to the pathogen
were also compared. Root growth was markedly influenced by FA, culture filtrate, and conidial suspension culture treatments.
Observations indicated that roots were primary targets for attack by F. oxysporum. Successful in vitro selection of resistant genotypes by both FA and culture filtrate treatments suggested that this strategy
was viable for accelerating breeding of passion fruit for resistance to the Fusarium vascular wilt. 相似文献
14.
Antigen-antibody reactions in agar gel, as demonstrated by the double diffusion technique, between cotton seed globulins and the antisera specific to each of the tested Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates as well as the antiserum of F. moniliforme revealed that all the tested antisera of F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum reacted with seed globulins except the Menoufi cultivar globulins. No precipitin lines were detected in the reaction between the antigenof the cotton cultivar Acala SJ2 versus the antiserum of P10 isolate. The 5 cultivars behaved differently with each fungal antiserum to the extent that they could be distinguished accordingly. When the seed globulins of the susceptible cultivars (Giza 74, and Bahtim 110) reacted with antiserum of the tested F. oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum isolates, more precipitin lines were formed than the resistant cultivars. On the other hand, no obvious reaction was detected in case of F. moniliforme antiserum. 相似文献
15.
A Fusarium oxysporum sensu Snyder & Hansen was pathogenic in the vascular tissue and caused a severe wilt and dieback of ×Fatshedera lizei, Fatsia japonica and Hedera helix. The fungus appeared nonpathogenic on plants of 29 species in numerous genera. Benomyl soil drenches were effective in preventing infection. A new forma specialis, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fatshederae, f. sp. nov. is proposed for this pathogen. 相似文献
16.
A technique for staining fungal nuclei using fluorescence stain Hoechst Dye 33258 in McIlvaine standard buffer of pH 7.26–7.44 is reported. It is a broad-spectrum fungal nuclear staining tool found to be effective onAgaricus bisporus, Alternaria helianthi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.lini, Penicillium binellum, Pythium ultimum, Rhizoctonia solani, andSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Conidial nuclei ofAlternaria helianthi, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.lini, andPenicillium binellum also stained well. 相似文献
17.
Subramanium Malathi Sreenivasan Mohan 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(2):243-252
Basal rot disease of onion is a major problem in different onion growing regions of Tamil Nadu, India. Fungal and bacterial cultures were isolated and tested their efficiency against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae under in vitro conditions. Effective bacterial and fungal antagonists were tested alone and in combinations for the control of F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae in glasshouse experiments. Defence-related enzymes such as peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase were induced and accumulated in onion treated with fungal and bacterial antagonists. Defence-related enzymes were significantly higher in onion pretreated with consortial formulation of Pf12 + Pf27 + TH3 at 5 days after the challenge inoculation with F. oxysporum f. sp. cepae and gave resistance to onion against basal rot disease. 相似文献
18.
Fungus gnat adults transported Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici from Petri dish culture and infected host plants to the roots and hypocotyls of healthy tomato and bean plants. The source of the fungus did not affect the ability of fungus gnats to transport the fungus to healthy hosts. The presence of fungus gnat larvae in media in which young tomato plants were grown did not increase the incidence of plant infection by the pathogen. Fungus gnat adults appear to aid in the dissemination of F. oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici. 相似文献
19.
Global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. Therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR) GCMs, was modeled and combined with the future distribution of date palm predicted by the same GCMs, to identify areas suitable for date palm cultivation with different risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., for 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Results showed that 40%, 37%, 33% and 28% areas projected to become highly conducive to date palm are under high risk of its lethal fungus, compared with 37%, 39%, 43% and 42% under low risk, for the chosen years respectively. Our study also indicates that areas with marginal risk will be limited to 231, 212, 186 and 172 million hectares by 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. The study further demonstrates that CLIMEX outputs refined by a combination of different GCMs results of different species that have symbiosis or parasite relationship, ensure that the predictions become robust, rather than producing hypothetical findings, limited purely to publication. 相似文献
20.
Fungal phytopathogens encode functional homologues of plant rapid alkalinization factor (RALF) peptides
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Elisha Thynne Isabel M. L. Saur Jaime Simbaqueba Huw A. Ogilvie Yvonne Gonzalez‐Cendales Oliver Mead Adam Taranto Ann‐Maree Catanzariti Megan C. McDonald Benjamin Schwessinger David A. Jones John P. Rathjen Peter S. Solomon 《Molecular Plant Pathology》2017,18(6):811-824
In this article, we describe the presence of genes encoding close homologues of an endogenous plant peptide, rapid alkalinization factor (RALF), within the genomes of 26 species of phytopathogenic fungi. Members of the RALF family are key growth factors in plants, and the sequence of the RALF active region is well conserved between plant and fungal proteins. RALF1‐like sequences were observed in most cases; however, RALF27‐like sequences were present in the Sphaerulina musiva and Septoria populicola genomes. These two species are pathogens of poplar and, interestingly, the closest relative to their respective RALF genes is a poplar RALF27‐like sequence. RALF peptides control cellular expansion during plant development, but were originally defined on the basis of their ability to induce rapid alkalinization in tobacco cell cultures. To test whether the fungal RALF peptides were biologically active in plants, we synthesized RALF peptides corresponding to those encoded by two sequenced genomes of the tomato pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. One of these peptides inhibited the growth of tomato seedlings and elicited responses in tomato and Nicotiana benthamiana typical of endogenous plant RALF peptides (reactive oxygen species burst, induced alkalinization and mitogen‐activated protein kinase activation). Gene expression analysis confirmed that a RALF‐encoding gene in F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici was expressed during infection on tomato. However, a subsequent reverse genetics approach revealed that the RALF peptide was not required by F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici for infection on tomato roots. This study has demonstrated the presence of functionally active RALF peptides encoded within phytopathogens that harbour an as yet undetermined role in plant–pathogen interactions. 相似文献