野生稻NBS类抗病基因同源序列的分离与序列分析

为了挖掘野生稻中的抗病资源,根据已克隆的植物抗病基因核苷酸结合位点序列中的保守结构域设计3对简并引物,从疣粒、药用、高秆、宽叶和斑点野生稻基因组DNA中分离出13条NBS类抗病基因类似物,其中11条具有连续的ORF,具有NBS类R基因的保守基元P-loop、kinas-2、kinas-3a和GLPL。在NCBI上进行同源性搜索发现,其中12条RGAs的核苷酸序列与水稻已知的NBS类R基因具有66%～94%的同源性,与其他植物已知R基因具有67%～84%的同源性;其对应的氨基酸序列与水稻已知的NBS类R基因具有43%～93%的同源性,与其他植物已知R基因具有37%～79%的同源性。另外1条的核苷酸序列与水稻假定的NBS类R基因具有76%的同源性,其氨基酸序列与水稻假定的NBS类R基因具有74%的同源性。根据序列分析结果设计6对不同基因特异性引物,并利用RT-PCR技术进行表达分析,结果表明,RN1BD5、RN1BD10、RN1GG2和RN1YY6均能表达,说明这些片段可能是功能性抗病基因的部分序列;而RN1KY9和RN1GG5没有表达,可能是假基因。     

多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2 xynD和gluB的克隆及序列分析

β-1,4-木聚糖酶和β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性检测结果表明,多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)SC2能同时产生β-1,4-木聚糖酶和β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶.以菌株SC2的基因组DNA为模板,通过TAIL-PCK方法克隆到4 807bp的DNA片段.DNAMAN软件分析,该DNA片段包含2个开放阅读框(ORF),ORF1长度为1 908 bp,编码含635个氨基酸、分子量为67.8kD的蛋白;ORF2长度为714 bp,编码含237个氨基酸、分子量为26.8kD的蛋白.BLAST分析结果表明,ORFI与已报道的P.polymyxa ATCC 842的xynD基因相似性为94%.ORF2与P.polymyxaWY110的gluB基因相似性为99%.基因序列的系统发育分析进一步说明.ORFI和ORF2分别为β-1,4-木聚糖酶基因xynD和β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因gluB.     

绿色木霉LTR-2 β-1, 3-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及其在 毕赤酵母中的表达

根据从GenBank中检索到的木霉菌β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因序列设计引物,以高产β-1,3-葡聚糖酶菌株--绿色木霉LTR-2的cDNA为模板,采用PCR方法扩增得到内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因(glu).将glu克隆至载体pMD18-T上,进行了全序列测定.序列分析表明该基因由2289个核苷酸残基组成,含有一个开放阅读框架,可以编码762个氨基酸,与报道基本相同.翻译后的氨基酸序列含有两个β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的保守区RVVYIPPGTY和AASQNKVAYF.基因与已发表的木霉β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因有较高的同源性,其中和哈茨木霉bgn3.1和绿木霉bgn13.1的同源性达到93%.序列已经提交GenBank,登录号为EF176582.将glu基因插入到巴斯德毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)穿梭载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pGLU14,经线性化后转化毕赤酵母菌株KM71.经大量平板筛选,获得能有效分泌表达β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的毕赤酵母工程菌株KGLU14,菌落PCR扩增证实了glu基因已经整合到酵母基因组中.SDS电泳结果表明其β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的分子量大约为80kDa,和理论推测值大致相同.摇瓶发酵结果表明,培养基中β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的活力可达889U/mL.     

白菜型冬油菜β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因在低温胁迫下的表达

为探明β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因(β-1,3-glucanase)对油菜(Brassica campestris)抵御低温胁迫能力的作用,通过蛋白质谱分析得到β-1,3-葡聚糖酶蛋白,采用RT-PCR技术克隆白菜型冬油菜(B.rapa)陇油6号和天油4号β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的c DNA序列;并对该序列进行生物信息学分析;进而采用实时荧光定量PCR及半定量PCR检测β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因在低温胁迫下的表达模式。结果获得长度为1 032 bp的陇油6号β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因开放阅读框,编码343个氨基酸,相对分子量为38.102k Da,理论等电点为6.63,其与菜心(B.rapa subsp.chinensis)和甘蓝型油菜(B.napus)的蛋白质氨基酸序列同源性高达93.94%。该基因编码的酶是一个主要由α-螺旋组成的亲水性稳定蛋白,含有1个信号肽,存在2个跨膜结构域。该基因在进化上高度保守,其保守序列属于植物的糖基水解酶家族17特有的保守结构域。β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因表达模式分析显示,4°C时该基因上调表达,继续低温(–4°C)胁迫处理,该基因上调表达至峰值,至–8°C时其表达下调。研究表明从白菜型冬油菜中克隆的β-1,3-glucanase在冬油菜品种陇油6号抗寒过程中发挥作用。     

甘蔗β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的电子克隆与分析

以高粱β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因(β-1,3-glucanase gene)cDNA序列为探针,搜索甘蔗EST数据库,而后通过电子克隆技术,拼接获得甘蔗β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因ScBG。采用生物信息学方法,对该基因编码蛋白从氨基酸组成、理化性质、跨膜结构域、卷曲螺旋、亚细胞定位、信号肽、功能域及高级结构等方面进行了预测和分析。结果表明:ScBG基因全长1270bp,包含一个长达1011bp的完整开放读码框(open reading frame,ORF),编码336个氨基酸,分子量为34.8KD,理论等电点为4.98。该蛋白质很可能是胞外定位的诱导物释放型酸性葡聚糖酶,是一种稳定的分泌蛋白,且可信度达最高等级1。该蛋白属于糖苷水解酶第17家族,含有N端信号肽,在第7～29位氨基酸处含有跨膜信号区,在第31～321位氨基酸处含有糖苷水解酶17家族结构域,含2个主要的功能结构域。10个物种ScBG蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性分析表明,甘蔗ScBG基因编码蛋白与高粱β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因的编码蛋白的同源性最高,达79.82%。以上研究结果为ScBG基因下一步的分子克隆、功能鉴定和应用提供基础。     

β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在植物抗真菌病基因工程中的研究进展

β-1,3-葡聚糖酶是植物抗真菌病的重要抗性物质之一,植物β-1,3-葡聚糖酶可由病原物(如Mg)、化学因子(如水杨酸、乙烯、赤霉素)或物理因子(如紫外线照射、机械损伤)等多种生物因子和非生物因子诱导产生.将外源β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因导入植物,可提高植物的抗真菌病害的能力;而将β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因与其他防卫蛋白基因同时导入植物,将更大程度的提高植物的抗真菌病能力,是植物抗真菌病防治的有效新途径.文章中主要对β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的生物学特性、植物β-1,3-葡聚糖酶基因在转基因植株中的独立表达及其与其他抗真菌病基因的协同表达等进行了综述.     

枯草芽孢杆菌SC2-4-1葡聚糖酶基因gluB的克隆及序列分析

β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶活性检测结果表明,从辣椒根际筛选的拮抗菌枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SC2-4-1能产生β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶.以菌株SC2-4-1的基因组DNA为模板,用PCR方法克隆了该菌的葡聚糖酶基因gluB,其开放阅读框为711bp,编码237个氨基酸.Blast分析,该序列与已报道的多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)ATCC 842的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因gluB相似性为85%.所得基因序列的系统发育分析显示,该基因属于β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因.DNAMAN软件比对,所得葡聚糖酶氨基酸序列具有催化裂解β-1,3-和β-1,4-糖苷键的葡聚糖酶活性位点.     

β-1,3-1,4葡聚糖酶基因克隆表达及其抗菌活性与机理研究进展

β-1,3．1,4-葡聚糖酶是一类能水解β-1,3．糖苷键和β-1,4-糖苷键的酶,因其主要分解大麦中的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖和细菌地衣多糖,所以又称地衣多糖酶。综述了β-1,3．1,4-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆表达及其抗菌活性与机理最新研究进展。     

三明野生蕉β-1,3葡聚糖酶基因克隆及其低温下SA处理后的表达分析

以三明野生蕉(Musaspp.AB group)为材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术,克隆获得β-1,3葡聚糖酶5个基因(Mugsp1.2~Mugsp5)的cDNA和DNA序列。序列和生物信息学分析表明Mugsp1.2、Mugsp2、Mugsp3、Mugsp4和Mugsp5的ORF长度分别为1 020、1 047、999、1 023和960bp,分别编码339、348、332、340和319个氨基酸;Mugsp1.2、Mugsp2和Mugsp4蛋白具有N端和C端(CTPP)信号肽结构,推测为Ⅰ类β-1,3葡聚糖酶,而Mugsp3只含有N端信号肽,无CTPP结构,Mugsp5则不具有信号肽结构;构建Mugsp1.2、Mugsp2、Mugsp4瞬时表达载体并转化洋葱表皮的亚细胞定位观察结果显示,常温下Mugsp1.2、Mugsp2和Mugsp4主要在细胞膜、细胞质上表达,而经过8℃低温处理后Mugsp1.2、Mugsp2和Mugsp4均能够转移至细胞核表达;β-1,3葡聚糖酶基因在不同低温处理下的实时荧光定量(qRT-PCR)检测结果显示,β-1,3葡聚糖酶基因均能响应低温胁迫,是低温胁迫相关基因,但基因间表达水平存在差异;低温下SA处理后的定量结果显示,SA处理会推迟β-1,3葡聚糖酶基因的表达。     

地衣芽孢杆菌WS-6 β-葡聚糖酶基因的克隆及表达

β-葡聚糖是植物细胞壁中结构性非淀粉多糖,存在于各种饲料农作物中。作为一种抗营养因子,β-葡聚糖使食糜具有很高的粘度,阻碍肠道消化液与食糜的混合,影响营养物质特别是蛋白质和脂肪的消化吸收,降低饲料的利用率。地衣芽孢杆菌分泌的β-葡聚糖酶可分解β-葡聚糖。在青贮发酵过程中,这种酶可降解大麦β-葡聚糖,有效提高家畜、家禽对饲料的利用率。从地衣芽孢杆菌WS-6中克隆到β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因并进行测序,将该基因与大肠杆菌表达载体pET32a进行连接,转化大肠杆菌BL21,使该基因得到了有效的表达,为进一步在食品级宿主菌中的表达奠定了基础。     

Induction of cytoplasmic mannose-binding jacalin-related lectins is a common phenomenon in cereals treated with jasmonate methyl ester

Treatment of whole plants with jasmonic acid methyl ester induces lectin activity in leaves of Oryza sativa, Hordeum vulgare, Triticum vulgare, Secale cereale and Zea mays. Purification and characterization of the lectins revealed that they all have a very similar molecular structure and carbohydrate-binding properties. Further analysis of the cDNA clones encoding the lectins revealed that they all belong to the family of cytoplasmic mannose-specific jacalin-related lectins.     

Wounding-induced cell wall pH shifts in coleoptile segments of various Poaceae

Wounding-induced extracellular pH shifts were characterized previously in excised segments of maize (Zea mays L.) coleoptiles. In the present study it is demonstrated that similar pH shifts also occur in Triticum aestivum L., Secale cereale L., Hordeum vulgare L., Avena sativa L., Sorghum durra (Forsk.) Stapf, and Setaria italica (L.) Beauv., with characteristic quantitative differences between the species. Indole-acetic acid induces pronounced drops of the medium pH in all species except Setaria italica. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

菠菜CBF转录因子基因片段的克隆及序列分析

根据拟南芥CBF基因序列的保守区设计合成一对特异引物,以菠菜基因组DNA为模板,采用PCR扩增的方法扩出一条DNA特异片段并克隆到pMD18-T载体中。用PCR法和酶切分析法对克隆片段进行鉴定并进一步进行核苷酸序列分析。序列测定该片段长为423bp。OMIGA2.0软件分析结果表明,该片段的推断氨基酸序列与黑麦(AAL35759)、小麦(AAL37944)、拟南芥(AAC78646)、大麦(AAL84170)的同源性分别为33.8%、33.1%、30.8%和30%。     

The Research of Giemsa C-Banding Technigue Used in Plant Chromosome Banding Pattern

The Giemsa banding technique used by Fiskesjo in Allium cepa (1974) was modified, and used successfully in band showing of Vicia faba, Secale cereale, Zea mays. Hordeum vulgare, Triticum aestivum, and Triticale. The C-banding characteristics of these crops have been analysed.The band showing effects of ItSG method have been compared with those of BSG method.The banding conditions in plant chromosomes have been discussed.     

羊草光合作用相关基因的克隆与分析

在构建了羊草叶片cDNA文库的基础上,利用M13载体通用引物筛选其亚文库,挑选阳性克隆进行测序,将测序结果在NCBI基因库中进行比对,得到一个Rubisco大亚基基因全长序列和Rubisco小亚基基因部分序列,并对其核苷酸及其编码的氨基酸序列进行分析。结果显示,Rubisco大亚基基因长度为1 796 bp,与禾本科大麦、小麦、野雀麦、粗山羊草、旱麦草、异形花草、黑麦等的核苷酸序列同源性达98%以上;羊草的Rubisco小亚基基因部分序列含有一个开放阅读框,其长度为186 bp,编码61个氨基酸,与禾本科的小麦、大麦、燕麦、黑麦以及扁穗雀麦Rubisco小亚基基因氨基酸序列的同源性分别为93%、93%、91%、91%、92%。羊草Rubisco基因的克隆与分析有利于进一步研究其光合作用效率。     

Primary structure, recombinant expression, and molecular characterization of Phl p 4, a major allergen of timothy grass (Phleum pratense)

Grass pollen allergy is one of the most important allergic diseases world-wide. Several meadow grasses, like timothy grass and rye grass, contribute to allergic sensitizations, but also allergens from extensively cultivated cereals, especially rye, make a profound contribution. The group 4 allergens are well known as important major allergens of grasses. We have cloned for the first time group 4 sequences from Phleum pratense, Lolium perenne, Secale cereale, Triticum aestivum, and Hordeum vulgare, and investigated the IgE-reactivity of recombinant Phl p 4 as a candidate for allergy diagnostic and therapeutic applications.     

Identification of a repeat sequence of rye DNA in wheat and related species

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) were used to determine the distribution of the rye-specific sequence contained in the pSc119.1 probe among wheat and related species. A specific pair of primers targeting this rye-specific sequence was used. A 745-bp fragment, the predicted size of pSc119.1, was present inSecale cereale, Triticum aestivum, XTriticosecale, Hordeum vulgare, H. bogdanii, andH. parodii. PCR results were verified by hybridizing the rye-specific probe pSc119.1 to dotblots of DNA from the different species used. Strong hybridization signals detected by ECL were consistent with the PCR results. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of PCR and dot-blot ECL in screening plants for defined DNA sequences, and indicate that pSc119.1 has counterparts with strong homology inT. aestivum, H. vulgare, H. bogdanii, andH. parodii.     

商陆高亲和性K＋转运体基因PaHAK1的克隆与表达分析

为了研究高钾植物商陆高亲和性K＋吸收机制,本试验选用野生商陆为材料,以拟南芥、冰叶日中花、小麦、大麦和水稻等多种植物的HAK家族基因的保守序列,设计简并引物,获得了981bp的PaHAK1的基因片段。然后应用RACE技术克隆到PaHAK1基因序列,其cDNA全长为2337bp,编码771个氨基酸。该编码蛋白质分子量为86．66kDa,等电点为7．54。蛋白质疏水性和拓扑结构分析显示该氨基酸序列共有12-13个跨膜区。该cDNA序列与冰叶日中花HAK1基因序列相似性高达88％。Real-TimePCR分析表明PaHAK1主要在商陆根中表达,低钾状态可以诱导PaHAK1的高表达。     

几个中国大麦属物种叶绿体psbL和psbJ基因序列分析

对8份来源于中国和2份来自国外的不同大麦属物种或亚种叶绿体基因组psbL～psbJ区进行了序列测定.结果表明,10份大麦属材料的psbL～psbJ区序列长度均为365bp,且无变异位点.同时,将大麦属psbL～psbJ区序列与已报道的黑麦(Secale cereale L.)、小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)、水稻(Oryza sativa L.)和玉米(Zea mays L.)的相同序列比较,发现所有物种的psbL基因序列长度均为117bp,且无核酸变异位点;psbJ基因序列长度均为123bp,共检测到6个核酸变异位点.除水稻外,所有物种psbL和psbJ基因间区长度均为125bp,水稻psbL和psbJ基因间区为126bp.在psbL和psbJ基因间区,除水稻具有1个插入位点外,还发现8个核酸变异位点.psbL～psbJ区揭示的大麦属物种、黑麦、小麦、水稻和玉米的遗传分化距离变化范围为0.0055～0.0426.以玉米为外类群,采用邻接法进行系统发育关系分析发现,同属于小麦族的大麦属植物、黑麦和小麦间亲缘关系较近,而水稻与玉米则相对较近.     

Features of crossability, haploidy and polyembryony in hybrid combinations between common barley Hordeum vulgare L. (2n = 14) and wheat-rye substitution lines Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Saratovskaya 29/Secale cereale L., cultivar Onokhoiskaya

The role of individual chromosomes of rye in the manifestation of crossability and seedling development in hybrid combinations between common barley Hordeum vulgare L., cultivar Nepolegayushchii (2n = 14) and five wheat-rye substitution lines Triticum aestivum L., cultivar Saratovskaya 29/Secale cereale L., cultivar Onokhoiskaya (2n = 40 wheat + 2 rye chromosomes). Crossability, which was measured by two parameters--frequency of set grains and frequency of grains with embryos--was shown to be significantly affected by each of the five rye chromosomes examined: 1R, 2R, 3R, 5R, and 6R; the development of barley haploids was affected by rye chromosomes 1 R, 3R, and 5R. We were the first to demonstrate that polyembryony could be induced by mutual effects of barley cytoplasm and rye chromosome 1R. Possible mechanisms controlling the development of haploids and twins in hybrid combinations H. vulgare x T. aestivum/S. cereale are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that hybrid combinations between common barley and wheat-rye substitution lines can serve as new models for studying incompatibility mechanisms in distant crosses and genetic control of parthenogenesis.