福建省豆科植物根瘤菌资源的初步调查

对福建省境内(除东北部少数地区外)的29个县(市)豆科植物根瘤菌资源进行了调查,共采集到36属63种豆科植物的根瘤样品278份,在豆科栽培作物方面有一定代表性.采集到的根瘤形态多样,大小多在1-10 mm之间,以淡黄和淡红色居多.对32种51份根瘤样品用乙炔还原法进行了固氮酶活性测定,不同种和同一种植物在不同生境下的固氮酶活性均有差异,多数根瘤样品的固氮酶活性在1-24 μmol C2H4g-1 fresh nodule h-1之间,其中尖叶长柄山蚂蝗(Podocarpium podocarpum var.oxyphyllum)的固氮酶活性相对最高,达87.29 u mol C2H4 g-1 fresh nodule h-1.从采集到的根瘤中经分离纯化获得了228株根瘤菌,其中155株根瘤菌进行了原寄主回接试验,有138株结瘤,回接成功率为89.0%.调查结果显示福建省有丰富的豆科固氮及其根瘤菌资源.     

陕西及甘,宁部分地区豆科植物根瘤菌资源调查

通过对陕西全省及甘、宁部分地区豆科植物瘤菌资源进行调查,共采集到４４属１０９种豆科植物根瘤３８７份,其中蝶形花亚科中有９４．６％的植株能结瘤固氮,槐属和香槐属中的一些种及云实亚科中的云实和紫荆未见结瘤。对部分菌株的固氮酶活性进行了测定,自然瘤的固氮酶活性比回接瘤的固氮酶活性低。     

1株高效花生根瘤菌的筛选与鉴定

从辽宁多地花生种植土壤及其鲜根瘤初步筛选到30株花生根瘤菌,进一步通过回接盆栽花生,测定花生根瘤数、根瘤干重,以及鲜根瘤固氮酶活性、植株全氮量等,筛选出1株结瘤固氮能力较强花生根瘤菌wz-6,通过16S rDNA序列分析,鉴定为圆明慢生根瘤菌(Bradyrhizobium yuanmingense)。为开发优质花生根瘤菌菌剂奠定基础。     

青海一株蚕豆根瘤菌的鉴定及抗旱性评价

【目的】研究青海干旱地区蚕豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性,获得与蚕豆品种共生匹配且具有耐旱性的根瘤菌株,促进蚕豆耐旱根瘤菌在青海干旱地区生产中的应用。【方法】以分离自青海干旱地区一株菌株QHCD22为材料,利用细菌形态学、生理生化指标鉴定、Biolog细菌鉴定系统、16S rRNA基因序列分析、全基因组分析等进行菌种鉴定和系统发育分析,进一步通过PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫、盆栽回接干旱胁迫处理及旱作田间接种验证试验对该菌株的耐旱性进行综合评价。【结果】QHCD22菌株属快生型根瘤菌属(Rhizobium),Rhizobium indicum种。随着PEG6000模拟干旱胁迫程度的加剧,在−0.6 mPa这一更低渗透势时菌株存活数量增高,浊度由61.48%上升到69.42%,表现出较强的耐旱性。盆栽试验表明,接种根瘤菌处理(NA)的株高、植株鲜干比、根瘤数、根瘤鲜重、叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、脯氨酸含量(PRO)、超氧化物歧化酶活性(SOD)、根系活力(TCC)均高于不接种根瘤菌处理(NN),并且在正常供水条件下,NA处理的各指标也均高于NN处理。旱作田间验证试验表明接种该菌株显著提高固氮酶活性,青海13号蚕豆根瘤固氮酶活性由不接种的42.07 C₂H₄ nmol/(g·h)显著增加到221.78 C₂H₄ nmol/(g·h),青蚕14号蚕豆由40.60 C₂H₄ nmol/(g·h)显著增加到109.78 C₂H₄ nmol/(g·h),马牙蚕豆由33.41 C₂H₄ nmol/(g·h)显著增加到643.15 C₂H₄ nmol/(g·h)。接种根瘤菌对于增加产量具有促进作用,其中青蚕14号的增产效果显著,增产幅度达32.3%。【结论】QHCD22菌株可能为快生型根瘤菌属的一个种Rhizobium indicum,具有一定的耐旱性,研究表明接种根瘤菌可以提高蚕豆的耐旱性,尤其对干旱敏感型蚕豆品种增产效果显著,具有潜在的应用前景。     

一株分离自裸子植物罗汉松根瘤的根瘤菌

根瘤菌与豆科植物共生结瘤固氮被认为是地球上最重要的生物固氮体系. 裸子植物罗汉松与根瘤菌共生结瘤至今未见报道. 采用常规根瘤菌分离技术从罗汉松及其变种小叶罗汉松根瘤中分离获得11株内生细菌, 将它们回接宿主可导致结瘤, 乙炔还原法测出微弱的固氮酶活性. 传统的生理生化鉴定方法和16S rDNA全序列分析证明该内生细菌代表菌株GXLO 02隶属于根瘤菌.     

新疆干旱地区根瘤菌资源研究I．根瘤菌种类及其共生固氮作用

从新疆不同生态条件下生长的31属109种豆科植物根瘤分离获得373株根瘤菌,其中88株是从未报道过结瘤情况的39种豆科植物根瘤分离获得。它们与豆科寄主植物共生结瘤,95％以上为有效根瘤。不同种的根瘤固氮活性差异较大,黄芪属根瘤固氮活性较高,最高者为大豆根瘤固氮活性的42倍。 20属37种豆科植物根瘤中97％有吸氢活性。根瘤固氮活性、吸氢活性均与寄主植物生长发育期有相关性。     

超氧化物歧化酶模拟化合物的生物活性研究

根据天然超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性部位结构合成了含苯并咪唑的5种配体及其32种分别含Cu（Ⅱ）、Fe（Ⅲ）、Mn（Ⅱ）、Co（Ⅱ）的模拟化合物.经光谱、电化学测试证明这些化合物具有拟S3D活性,其50％抑制率浓度（IC50）为10-6～10-8mol·L-1,催化超氧离子自由基（O-·2）歧化的反应速率常数kq为106～108mol-1·L·s-1.同时观察到几种模拟化合物有抗肿瘤活性或增强水稻抗寒性.     

携带Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78固氮基因簇(nif)的重组大肠杆菌Escherichia coli78-7转录组分析

[目的]来自Paenibacillus polymyxa WLY78的固氮基因簇（nifBHDKEfNXhesAnifV）可以转化入Escherichia coli中表达并使重组大肠杆菌合成有固氮活性的固氮酶。本文拟通过对重组大肠杆菌E.coli 78-7的转录组分析以提高其固氮能力。[方法]对固氮条件（无氧无NH₄⁺）和非固氮条件（空气和100 mmol/L NH₄⁺）培养的重组大肠杆菌E.coli 78-7进行转录组分析。[结果]nif基因在两种培养条件下显著表达,说明在重组大肠杆菌中可规避原菌中氧气和NH₄⁺对nif基因的负调控。对于固氮过程必需的非nif基因,如参与钼、硫、铁元素转运的mod、cys和feoAB,这些基因在两种培养条件下表达水平有差异。而参与铁硫簇合成的suf和isc基因簇在两条件下表达水平差异巨大。此外,参与氮代谢的基因在固氮条件下显著上调。[结论]重组大肠杆菌中与固氮相关的非nif基因在该菌的固氮过程中具有较大影响,本文对在异源宿主中调高固氮酶活性研究具有重要意义。     

盐分胁迫下杠柳叶片光合特性的光响应研究

利用CID型便携式光合作用仪测定不同NaCl浓度下杠柳叶片净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率(T_r)、气孔导度(G_s)、水分利用效率（WUE）及光能利用率(LUE)生理参数的光响应过程,阐明盐分胁迫下其对光照响应的规律,探讨有利于杠柳正常生长的盐分浓度和光照条件。结果表明:（1）各盐分浓度下杠柳叶片光补偿点（LCP）在21.89～65.05 μmol·m^-2·s^-1之间变动,介于阴性植物与阳性植物之间;杠柳随土壤盐分的不同,其光合作用参数对光照强度表现出一定的适应性和可塑性;50 mmol·L^-1盐分浓度下杠柳光合同化能力最强,最有利于其干物质的积累,表现出一定的耐盐性。（2）轻度的盐分胁迫（小于50 mmol·L^-1）可以提高杠柳叶片的P_n、G_s、WUE和LUE,而盐分胁迫对杠柳的T_r有抑制作用,并随着盐分浓度的增加其抑制作用愈强烈。（3）维持杠柳正常生长的土壤盐分浓度小于50 mmol·L^-1,最佳PAR为1 000～2 000 μmol·m^-2·s^-1;而保持杠柳最大WUE和LUE的光照强度分别为800和100 μmol·m^-2·s^-1。     

中国帕米尔高原根瘤菌-豆科植物共生资源调查

对帕米尔高原进行了根瘤菌——豆科植物共生资源的调查与收集,分析了根瘤的特征和根瘤菌的抗逆性。共采集到11属22种豆科植物,除菜豆、昆仑锦鸡儿、豇豆和白花草木樨等4种豆科植物未见结瘤外,其它豆科植物均能结瘤,其中帕米尔扁蓿豆、美丽棘豆、毛序棘豆、金毛脬萼黄芪等4种为新发现的结瘤豆科植物。共收集到8属18种豆科植物的根瘤样品250份,发现根瘤数量相对较少,颜色以白色或褐色为多,形状多样,多着生于主根、侧根的上部。通过对109株根瘤菌的抗逆性分析,获得一些具有耐低温和耐盐碱能力的优良菌株。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.