胡杨液泡膜微囊H^＋—ATPase质子泵活性研究

将悬浮培养的胡杨 (PopuluseuphraticaOliv .)细胞捣碎后 ,通过差速离心和不连续蔗糖密度梯度离心获得富集液泡膜的膜微囊。通过连续监测吖啶橙的荧光淬灭研究膜微囊上H _ATPase的质子转运特性。结果表明 ,质子转运依赖于ATP ,其表观米氏常数Km 值为 0 .6 5mmol/L。质子泵活性受pH和温度的影响较大。测定液pH值为7.5时 ,质子泵的活性最高 (测定温度选定为 2 2℃ )。一些二价阳离子可启动H _ATPase的质子转运 ,其中Mg2 的作用远高于Fe2 。在实验条件下 ,Ca2 、Cu2 和Zn2 均不能启动H _ATPase的质子转运。质子跨膜转运还可被一价阴离子激活 ,激活作用的顺序为 :Cl->Br->I->F-。质子泵活性受NEM(乙基马来酰亚胺 )、DCCD (二环己基碳二亚胺 )、NO-3 和BafilomycinA1的强烈抑制 ,但对Na3VO4 和NaN3 不敏感。这些性质说明胡杨液泡膜微囊上的H _ATPase属于囊泡型的ATPase。     

NaCl胁迫下大麦根液泡膜H^＋—ATPase活性、离子吸收与钙的关系

NaCl胁迫 2d ,耐盐大麦 (HordeumvulgareL .cv) (“滩引 2号”)根系液泡膜H _ATPase活性增强 ,H _PPase活性下降。以质膜Ca2 通道抑制剂La3 (1mmol/L)或Ca2 螯合剂EGTA (5mmol/L)处理大麦幼苗 ,抑制了NaCl诱导的液泡膜H _ATPase活性的增强 ,但提高了H _PPase活性 ;用CaM拮抗剂三氟拉嗪 (TFP ,2 0 μmol/L)处理 ,也抑制了液泡膜H _ATPase活性的增强。NaCl胁迫下 ,外加La3 ,TFP或La3 TFP处理 ,使Na 吸收增加 ,K 和Ca2 吸收降低。结果表明 ,NaCl胁迫下 ,液泡膜H _ATPase活性提高和离子吸收的变化可能与Ca_CaM系统有关。     

一株耐酸野生葛藤(Pueraria lobata)根瘤菌的筛选与耐酸机理初步研究

从重庆市北碚区缙云山酸性黄壤(pH4.6)上生长的葛藤根瘤中分离到一株耐酸葛藤根瘤菌PR389,能在pH4.3的YMA培养基上正常生长,而一般根瘤菌最适生长pH值为6.5~7.5,说明PR389为一株耐酸葛藤根瘤菌。通过质子通量试验发现,与不耐酸的菌株相比,PR389的细胞膜能阻止过量的H 进入细胞,表明PR389具有某种能力使之在低酸性环境下不受伤害。在耐酸性试验中,PR389在加氯霉素的强酸性(pH3.8)YMA培养液中表现出来的耐酸性被氯霉素抑制,推测胞内特异蛋白质的诱导合成是PR389具有耐酸性的原因。     

K~ 营养对NaCl胁迫下盐地碱蓬生长及叶片液泡膜V-H~ -ATPase和V-H~ -PPase活性的影响(英文)

对溶液培养的盐地碱蓬 (SuaedasalsaL .)幼苗进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫并改变培养液中K 浓度 ,以了解K 营养对NaCl胁迫下盐地碱蓬幼苗生长及叶片液泡膜V_H _ATPase、V_H _PPase活性的影响。提高培养液K 浓度可明显增加盐胁迫下碱蓬植株的鲜重、干重 ,促进盐地碱蓬叶片及根部组织K 积累。盐地碱蓬叶片液泡膜V_H _ATPase至少由A、B、C、D、E及c亚基组成 ,其表达量在缺K 处理 (12 μmol/LK )下随盐胁迫浓度的增加而减小 ,而在正常K (6mmol/L)培养下则随盐胁迫浓度的增加而增加 ;盐地碱蓬叶片液泡膜V_H _PPase分子量为 72kD ,在缺K 和正常K 供应情况下 ,V_H _PPase均有较高表达。V_H _ATPase及V_H _PPase活性变化与其亚基表达量变化基本成正相关。结果表明 :K 对盐生植物碱蓬的耐盐性有重要作用 ,盐胁迫下 ,K 可能参与了V_H _ATPase和V_H _PPase活性调控     

NaCl胁迫下大麦根系液泡膜H~ -ATPase活性与膜流动性的关系(英文)

用 5 0～ 2 0 0mmol/LNaCl处理 2d后 ,大麦 (HordeumvulgareL .)品种“滩引 2号”(耐盐性强 )根的液泡膜H _ATPase活性增强 ,6 0 0mmol/LNaCl处理下酶活性下降 ;“科品 7号”(耐盐性弱 )在 5 0～ 10 0mmol/LNaCl处理 2d后根的液泡膜H _ATPase活性增强 ,2 0 0～ 6 0 0mmol/LNaCl处理下酶活性随盐浓度增加而降低。 5 0～ 2 0 0mmol/LNaCl处理下“滩引 2号”根的液泡膜流动性下降 ,6 0 0mmol/LNaCl处理下膜流动性明显增大 ;盐胁迫下液泡膜膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度下降时 ,膜流动性下降 ,反之则膜流动性上升。由此推断高盐胁迫下液泡膜膜脂脂肪酸不饱和度上升而引起膜流动性上升可能是引起H _ATPase活性下降的原因之一。     

一株耐酸野生葛藤（Pueraria lobata）根瘤菌的筛选与耐酸机理初步研究

从重庆市北碚区缙云山酸性黄壤 （pH4.6）上生长的葛藤根瘤中分离到一株耐酸葛藤根瘤菌PR389,能在pH43的YMA培养基上正常生长,而一般根瘤菌最适生长pH值为6.5～7.5,说明PR389为一株耐酸葛藤根瘤菌。通过质子通量试验发现,与不耐酸的菌株相比,PR389的细胞膜能阻止过量的H+进入细胞,表明PR389具有某种能力使之在低酸性环境下不受伤害。在耐酸性试验中,PR389在加氯霉素的强酸性（pH3.8）YMA培养液中表现出来的耐酸性被氯霉素抑制,推测胞内特异蛋白质的诱导合成是PR389具有耐酸性的原因。     

多胺浸种改善盐胁迫大麦根系液泡膜功能的机理

研究了 0 .1mmol/L腐胺 (Put)和 0 .5mmol/L亚精胺 (Spd)浸种对 2 0 0mmol/LNaCl胁迫下大麦 (HordeumvulgareL .)幼苗生长速率、干物质积累、离子分布、液泡膜蛋白结合多胺含量以及液泡膜膜脂组分与功能的影响。结果表明 ,Put和Spd浸种均可缓解盐胁迫对大麦幼苗的盐害 ,促进生长和干物质积累 ,降低大麦幼苗体内 [Na ]/[K ]。与盐处理的对照植株相比 ,Put和Spd浸种均可提高大麦幼苗根系液泡膜磷脂含量 ,降低糖脂结合半乳糖含量 ,而膜上非共价结合多胺含量Spd PAx (一种未知多胺 )与Put Dap (二氨基丙烷 )之比 ( (Spd PAx) / (Put Dap) )、共价和非共价结合多胺总量均上升。统计分析结果表明 ,液泡膜非共价结合多胺 (Spd PAx) / (Put Dap)与H _ATPase和H _PPase活性呈显著正相关关系。     

壳梭孢素对质膜H~ -ATPase活力影响机制的研究进展

壳梭孢素 (FC)作为一种重要的研究工具广泛用于研究酸介导的生长反应和依赖于质子推动力的膜运输系统 ,FC刺激质膜H _ATPase的活性是通过FC结合蛋白 (FCBP)与H _ATPase发生作用。FCBP是 1 4_3_3蛋白家族成员之一     

松萝内生酿酒酵母菌株耐酸生理特性与分子机制探究

【目的】对我国西藏地区来源的不同酵母菌株进行有机酸发酵性能测试,此外,对具有良好产酸性能的分离自松萝内部的酿酒酵母菌株Saccharomy cescerevisiae 2-2进行耐酸性能分析,并探究其耐酸较强的分子机制。【方法】比较不同糖浓度培养基液体发酵培养过程中pH的变化,并比较低pH胁迫条件下菌株的生长,检测酿酒酵母菌株的产酸潜力和耐酸特性;对菌株2-2和模式酵母菌株S288C进行比较基因组分析,并利用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction,RT-qPCR)分析关键基因的转录,探究菌株2-2耐酸分子机制。【结果】松萝内生酿酒酵母2-2在所有检测的菌株中产酸潜力较大,耐酸性能较好。在菌株2-2中与胁迫耐受性相关的基因PDR15、PDR12和SUR1在低pH胁迫条件下存在显著的上调或下调,但这些基因转录变化趋势与菌株S288C相反。【结论】松萝内生酿酒酵母2-2是一株产酸耐酸性能较好的菌株,对其独特的调节机制进行深入分析,有希望选育性能更好的产酸酵母菌株。     

组蛋白修饰对酿酒酵母复制起始相关蛋白基因表达的调控

真核生物的DNA复制是一个复杂且有序的过程,其中DNA复制起始参与调控众多生物学活动,对生物正常的生长发育具有重要作用。组蛋白修饰在调节DNA复制过程中具有重要作用。为了检测组蛋白特定位点的修饰对DNA复制起始的影响,本研究以酿酒酵母组蛋白H3/H4定点突变菌株为研究对象,采用倍比稀释表型分析法检测了组蛋白11种H3/H4甲基化、乙酰化突变菌株的生长情况,显示,以野生型菌株BY4741为对照,组蛋白H3/H4乙酰化突变菌株H3K64A、H3K56A、H3K14Q、H4K5R、H4K16Q以及组蛋白H4甲基化突变菌株H4K20Q表现为生长缺陷,其他菌株与BY4741生长情况基本一致;通过GeNorm和NormFinder软件分析得出本实验最适内参基因为β-actin;采用Real-time PCR检测了菌株细胞内复制起始相关蛋白基因mcm2、mcm10、cdc45的表达情况,表明,组蛋白H3/H4甲基化突变菌株H3K9A、H3R72K、H4K59A、H4K20Q胞内mcm2、mcm10、cdc45基因表达均显著下调(p0.01),而H4R3A胞内mcm2、mcm10表达显著上调(p0.05)、cdc45显著下调(p0.01),组蛋白H3/H4乙酰化突变菌株H3K14Q、H4K5R、H4K8A、H4K16Q胞内mcm2表达显著下调(p0.01),而在H3K64A、H3K56A胞内无显著变化,mcm10在6种组蛋白H3/H4乙酰化突变菌株内表达均下调(p0.01),cdc45基因在H4K5R胞内表达无显著变化,在其余5种乙酰化突变菌株中表达均显著下调(p0.01),为进一步阐明组蛋白特定位点修饰调控DNA复制起始的深入研究提供理论帮助。     

Tuning of electronic properties of one-dimensional cyano-bridged Cu-Ni, Cu-Pd, and Cu-Pt bimetallic assemblies by stereochemistry of ligands

Preparations, XPS and electronic spectroscopy, and magnetism of seven new one-dimensional cyano-bridged coordination polymers, chiral [Cu(RR-chxn)₂][Pd(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (1), [Cu(trans-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (2, 4, and 6 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt), and [Cu(cis-chxn)₂][M(CN)₄] · 2H₂O (3, 5, and 7 for M = Pd, Ni, and Pt) (RR-chxn = cyclohexane-(1R,2R)-diamine, trans-chxn = racemic trans-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine, and cis-chxn = racemic cis-cyclohexane-(1,2)-diamine) have been reported in view of tuning of their electronic properties by stereochemistry of chxn ligands and metal-substitution. Comparison of Cu 2p_1/2 and 2p_3/2 peaks of XPS and broad d-d bands around 18 000 cm⁻¹ of electronic spectra are described systematically for 1-7. Variable-temperature magnetic measurement shows that complexes 1-7 indicate weak antiferromagnetic interactions via cyano-bridges. Because of semi-coordination coupled with pseudo Jahn-Teller elongation and electrostatic interaction for 1, the axial Cu-N coordination bond distances of 2.330(7) and 3.092(8) Å are considerably longer than those of equatorial ones in the range from 2.016(6) to 2.030(6) Å. The former bond distances of 1 are intermediate values among the related Ni (2.324(6) and 3.120(8) Å) and Pt (2.34(1) and 3.09(1) Å) complexes.     

Influence of Fluoride on Rat Kidney Antioxidant System: Effects of Methionine and Vitamin E

The aim of the study has been to determine and compare the influence upon the kidney antioxidative system, exercised by administration of vitamin E, and vitamin E in combination with methionine, under conditions of oxidative stress induced by sodium fluoride. The experiment was carried out on Wistar FL rats (adult males) that, for 35 days, were administered water, NaF, NaF with vitamin E, or vitamin E with methionine (doses: 10 mg NaF/kg of body mass/24 h, 3 mg vitamin E per 10 μl per rat for 24 h, 2 mg methionine per rat for 24 h). The influence of administered sodium fluoride and antioxidants upon the antioxidative system in kidney was examined by analyzing the concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of the most important antioxidative enzymes (SOD, total and both its isoenzymes, GPX, GST, GR, and CAT). The studies carried out confirmed the disadvantageous effect of the administered dose of NaF upon the antixodiative system in rats (increase in the concentration MDA, decrease activity of all antioxidative enzymes). The administration of vitamin E increased the activity of studied enzymes with the exception of glutathione reductase GR; it also reduced the procesess of lipid peroxidation. It has been found that combined doses of vitamin E and methionine were most effective in inhibiting lipid peroxidation processes. The results confirmed the antioxidative properties of methionine.     

多马胺能药物对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH）分泌活动的影响

以珠江流域鲇鱼（silurus asotus)为实验材料,研究了多巴胺（DA）能药物（DA及其D－2型受体拮抗物 ,DOM）对鲇鱼促性腺激素（GtH)释放的影响,结果表明,在性腺发育的各个时期,单独注射DOM（5ug/g)均不能显著提高鲇鱼血液基础GtH水平,当DOM与LHRH－A联合注射时能显著增强LHRH－A刺激GtH释放的作用;DA只能抑制GnRH诱导的GtH释放,对基础GtH释放无抑制作用,这种生殖内分泌调节方式与鲇形目的革胡子鲇（Clarias gariepinus)和大鳍Hu（Mystus macropterus)相似,而与鲤形目的鲁科（Cyrpindiae)鱼类不同。     

Reorientation of Microfibrils and Microtubules at the Outer Epidermal Wall of Maize Coleoptiles During Auxin-Mediated Growth

Auxin-mediated elongation growth of isolated subapical coleoptile segments of maize (Zea mays L.) is controlled by the extensibility of the outer cell wall of the outer epidermis (Kutschera et al., 1987). Here we investigate the hypothesis that auxin controls the extensibility of this wall by changing the orientation of newly deposited microfibrils through a corresponding change in the orientation of cortical microtubules. On the basis of electron micrographs it is shown that cessation of growth after removal of the endogenous source of auxin is correlated with a relative increase of longitudinally orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. Conversely, reinduction of growth by exogenous auxin is correlated with a relative increase of transversely orientated microfibrils and microtubules at the inner wall surface. These changes can be detected 30–60 min after the removal and addition of auxin, respectively. The functional significance of directional changes of newly desposited wall microfibrils for the control of elongation growth is discussed.     

Combination of dihydromyricetin and ondansetron strengthens antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin in K562/ADR through downregulation of SORCIN: A new strategy of inhibiting P-glycoprotein

Though the advancement of chemotherapy drugs alleviates the progress of cancer, long-term therapy with anticancer agents gradually leads to acquired multidrug resistance (MDR), which limits the survival outcomes in patients. It was shown that dihydromyricetin (DMY) could partly reverse MDR by suppressing P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and soluble resistance-related calcium-binding protein (SORCIN) independently. To reverse MDR more effectively, a new strategy was raised, that is, circumventing MDR by the coadministration of DMY and ondansetron (OND), a common antiemetic drug, during cancer chemotherapy. Meanwhile, the interior relation between P-gp and SORCIN was also revealed. The combination of DMY and OND strongly enhanced antiproliferative efficiency of adriamycin (ADR) because of the increasing accumulation of ADR in K562/ADR-resistant cell line. DMY could downregulate the expression of SORCIN and P-gp via the ERK/Akt pathways, whereas OND could not. In addition, it was proved that SORCIN suppressed ERK and Akt to inhibit P-gp by the silence of SORCIN, however, not vice versa. Finally, the combination of DMY, OND, and ADR led to G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis via resuming P53 function and restraining relevant proteins expression. These fundamental findings provided a promising approach for further treatment of MDR.     

Structure and function of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase

In mammals, S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase) is the only known enzyme to catalyze the breakdown of S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy) to homocysteine and adenosine. AdoHcy is the product of all adenosylmethionine (AdoMet)-dependent biological transmethylations. These reactions have a wide range of products, and are common in all facets of biometabolism. As a product inhibitor, elevated levels of AdoHcy suppress AdoMet-dependent transmethylations. Thus, AdoHcyase is a regulator of biological transmethylation in general. The three-dimensional structure of AdoHcyase complexed with reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH) and the inhibitor (1′R, 2′S, 3′R)-9-(2′,3′-dihyroxycyclopenten-1-yl)adenine (DHCeA) was solved by a combination of the crystallographic direct methods program, SnB, to determine the selenium atom substructure and by treating the multiwavelength anomalous diffraction data as a special case of multiple isomorphous replacement. The enzyme architecture resembles that observed for NAD-dependent dehydrogenases, with the catalytic domain and the cofactor binding domain each containing a modified Rossmann fold. The two domains form a deep active site cleft containing the cofactor and bound inhibitor molecule. A comparison of the inhibitor complex of the human enzyme and the structure of the rat enzyme, solved without inhibitor, suggests that a 17° rigid body movement of the catalytic domain occurs upon inhibitor/substrate binding.     

Evolution of different oligomeric glycyl-tRNA synthetases

There are two oligomeric types of glycyl-tRNA synthetases (GlyRSs) in genome, the alpha2beta2 tetramer and alpha2 dimer. Here, we showed that the anticodon-binding domains (ABDs) of dimeric and tetrameric GlyRSs are non-homologous, although their catalytic central domains (CCDs) are homologous. The dimeric GlyRS_ABD is fused to the C-terminal of CCD in alpha-subunit, but the tetrameric GlyRS_ABD is to the C-terminal in beta-subunit during evolution. Generally, one species only contains one oligomeric type of GlyRS, but the both oligomeric GlyRSs with the multiple homologous domains can be observed in Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum genome, nevertheless, these homologous domains are probably from different genomes.     

Plasmodium berghei: lack of antimalarial activity of an analogue of folate precursor, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine in a mouse model

It was earlier hypothesized that the malarial parasite may convert precursors of folate analogues to synthesize de novo inhibitors toxic to itself, but not to the mammalian cell. It was suggested that one such analogue, 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxymethylpteridine (DAP) may be converted to aminopterin (AMP), a known dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor. In the present study, we evaluated the ability of DAP to inhibit proliferation of Plasmodium berghei NK65 in mice, with(out) folinic acid rescue. Cumulative dosages of DAP ranging from 0.1 to 20 mg/kg bw. administered either orally or intraperitoneally showed no suppression of parasite growth, or gave mild activities that were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Our findings do not seem to support the hypothesis of selective de novo metabolism of DAP to AMP by the malarial parasite.     

In vitro studies of the rabbit immune system. IV. Differential mitogen responses of isolated T and B cells.

The mitogenic responses of separated rabbit lymphocyte populations functionally analogous to mouse T and B cells have been tested in vitro. Purified T cells were prepared by passage over nylon wool (NW) and purified B cells prepared by treatment with antithymocyte serum and complement (ATS + C). ATS + C kills 70% of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL's) and 50% of the spleen cells while passage over NW yields 40% of the applied PBL's and 5–23% of the applied spleen cells. NW-purified T cells from the spleen or PBL's respond fully to concanavalin A (Con A) but have a reduced response to phytohemaglutinin (PHA) and little or no response to goat anti-rabbit immunoglobulin (anti-Ig). PBL's that survive ATS + C (B cells) are stimulated by anti-Ig but not by Con A or PHA. B cells purified from spleen do not respond to Con A or PHA but will respond to anti-Ig under appropriate conditions. A full spleen B-cell response to anti-Ig required removal of Ig produced by the cultures that blocked anti-Ig stimulation. It is concluded that, for rabbit lymphocytes, Con A and PHA are primarily T-cell mitogens and that anti-Ig is primarily a B-cell mitogen. However, the mitogen response of unfractionated PBL or spleen cell populations indicates an overlap in reactivity. This could be due to cells sharing T and B properties, alteration of cell populations by the fractionation procedures used, or recruitment of one population in the presence of a mitogenic response of the other population.     

围隔藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态

于2005年6月至7月,研究了海洋围隔不同藻类水华演替过程中二甲基硫化物的含量动态,并考察了相关环境参数对二甲基硫化物含量的影响。2个围隔实验组均出现未知藻水华-硅藻水华-甲藻水华的演替过程,这3次不同藻类水华分别对应了二甲基硫化物含量的3次高峰,表明藻类水华对二甲基硫化物含量有重要贡献。不同藻类水华的贡献有较大差异,甲藻水华的贡献最大,硅藻次之,未知藻类水华的贡献最小。实验结果还表明PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋主要通过影响藻类生长状态,进而影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;NO2^-和NH4^＋亦可能通过调节DMSP和DMSO在藻细胞内的生理功能,影响DMSP和DMSO的含量;PO4^3-、NO2^-和NH4^＋与DMS含量无显著相关。