FURTHER STUDIES ON QUANTITATIVE METHODS WITH TWO PLANT VIRUSES

The arrangement of experiments for intercomparison of a number of virus samples is discussed and the use of randomised blocks or Latin squares, combined in certain cases with half-leaf comparisons between all samples or against a standard, is recommended.
Improvements in the ground-glass spatula method of inoculation have been suggested.
Provided there is sufficient inoculum to cover the leaf when the spatula is rubbed over it, the amount, of inoculum makes no difference to the number of lesions produced.
The conditions to which test plants are subjected shortly before inoculation were found to influence the number of lesions produced by a given inoculum.
The number of lesions produced by otherwise similar inocula is influenced by their pH value and electrolyte content. The optimum pH . range for the virus of tomato spotted wilt is very limited (roughly pH 6.0–8.5). Tobacco mosaic virus in a potassium phosphate buffer at a pH value about 7 produced the maximum number of lesions in the concentration range 0.05-0.2 M . It is recommended that for most quantitative work viruses should be buffered at a definite pH value.
When effects due to varying pH value and electrolyte content were excluded, the virus of tomato spotted wilt was still found to be inactivated by certain oxidising agents and preserved by certain reducing agents.     

两种芽生病毒免疫治疗小鼠H_（22）腹水瘤的实验研究

本文采用ＮＤＶ（新城鸡瘟病毒）和副流感病毒腹腔注射治疗６１５纯系Ｈ２２腹水瘤,取得良好的疗效。ＮＤＶ治疗组存活率为４０％;副流感病毒治疗组存活率为４５％;ＮＤＶ和副流感病毒交叉免疫治疗Ｈ２２腹水瘤小鼠存活率为４３．７％,并对治疗Ｈ２２腹水瘤进行免疫功能的检测。观察了ＮＤＶ和副流感病毒治疗组与对照组的免疫指标的变化。其淋巴细胞转化率、ＮＫ细胞活性、抗体生成细胞以及Ｅａ花环形成率均比对照组明显提高。同时进行病毒在体内感染肿瘤细胞增强其抗原性的观察。本文并进行病毒治疗肿瘤的机理的探讨。     

THE IDENTIFICATION OF CERTAIN VIRUSES FOUND INFECTING LEGUMINOUS PLANTS IN GREAT BRITAIN

In a survey of the virus diseases of leguminous plants in Great Britain, it was not found possible to relate the virus of lettuce mosaic, which Ainsworth & Ogilvie (1939) found able to infect both culinary and sweet peas, to any other virus but, in the course of examining about seventy-five samples of material, a number of different viruses were identified. These, with possibly one exception, appear to have been described in other parts of the world, but the following notes include several new records for this country.     

两种菊属植物的核型研究

神农香菊和野菊均为菊属(Dendranthema)植物。神农香菊D. indicum var.aromaticum为菊属的一个新变种,是武汉植物所在湖北神农架首先发现的一种具有较高经济价值的香料和药用植物资源,它与原种野菊很近似,主要区别在于神农香菊的花叶根具浓香,叶片较小而质厚,深绿色,叶脉明显隆起,下面具极小腺体,头状花序     

菜豆属（Phaseolus L.）两种食用作物的核型研究

作者研究了红花菜豆品种大白芸豆和菜豆品种珍珠豆的核型。大白芸豆和珍珠豆的核型公式分别为;２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２２＝１４ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋６ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ;２ｎ＝２ｘ＝２２＝６ｍ（２ＳＡＴ）＋１４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ。这两处品种的核型存在明显差异,但也有相似之处。     

STUDIES ON THE HOST RANGES OF VIRUSES FROM THEOBROMA CACAO L.

Only plants in the natural order Tiliales were susceptible to experimental infection by viruses found infecting cacao. Of sixty-three species in the Tiliales colonized with infective mealybugs, twenty-eight became infected with the New Juaben virus. The ease with which different species contracted infection and the severity of symptoms varied considerably. The host ranges of seven other viruses were all contained in that of the New Juaben virus. The viruses could be divided into three groups according to their host ranges, and it is suggested that host ranges may prove helpful in attempts to classify cacao viruses. Four species of Corchorus were all rapidly killed by any of the eight viruses.     

病毒感染后的实验小鼠对植入的肿瘤细胞抑制作用的实验研究

昆明鼠或ＤＢＡ／２鼠腹腔植入Ｓ１８０肉瘤细胞。Ｐ３８８白血病细胞或Ｆｒｉｅｎｄ白血病细胞后１００％死亡。然而在小鼠感染ＰＲ８株甲型流感病毒、ＮＤＶ或Ｍ１４病毒２５天左右的恢复期腹腔接种上述三种恶性肿瘤细胞时,３０～９５％的小鼠能抑制肿瘤发生而存活。另外,自然感染鼠痘而存活的小鼠,在其感染恢复期内接种上述肿瘤细胞,小鼠的存活率可达１００％,而相应的禾感染鼠痘组小鼠１００％死于肿瘤。病毒感染恢复期小鼠的抗肿瘤作用机制是机体非特异性肿瘤免疫机能强化所致。我们的结果表明,病毒恢复期Ｔ细胞的杀肿瘤作用增强并伴有巨噬细胞数量增加及其吞噬活性增加的现象。本研究的结果提示,自然或人为地非致病病毒感染有利于机体清除变异细胞或肿瘤细胞,对肿瘤发生有一定的防护作用。     

两种地老虎幼虫表皮结构的研究

小地老虎Agrotis ypsilon (Rottemberg)幼虫表皮,在透射电镜下观察,上表皮外层是电子密度很高的一薄层,内层较厚,但电子密度不如外层,有时可见到很多蜡道.5龄幼虫蜕皮进入6龄前,已经形成4层原表皮,脱皮以后,以每6小时沉积一层的速率增加,即每日增加4层,至末龄幼虫老熟时,约有60多层.每个片层的两侧是平行纤丝,中间是弧形纤丝.在沉积片层时,几丁质以颗粒形式垂直向外分泌,逐渐形成弯曲的纤丝,最终成为抛物线形,各片层之间是间断的,片层内部是连续的,在扫描电镜下并可看到分离的薄层.大地老虎A. tokionis Butler幼虫表皮在偏光镜下,呈明暗相间的片层.原表皮中的孔道呈新月形管状,早期可见到管道微丝.在具有泡状物的原表皮内,孔道有较厚的管壁,并有分支.     

五味子科两个种的核型比较研究

本文报道二色五味子和盘柱五味子两种的染色体核型,均为首次报道．结果表明两种的核型公式相同,２ｎ＝２８＝２８ｍ,但根据Ｓｔｅｂｂｉｎｓ的核型不对称性的分类它们之间存在着明显的差异,二色五味子为１Ａ型;盘柱五味子为１Ｂ型。１Ｂ型是首次在被子植物中发现．也许它显示了原始类群中的一种进化特点。另外染色体相对长度组成表明二色五味子２ｎ＝２８＝１２Ｍ２＋１４Ｍ１＋２Ｓ;盘柱五味子２ｎ＝２８＝２Ｌ＋１２Ｍ２＋１２Ｍ１＋２Ｓ．由此南五味子属的核型较二色五味子进化。     

ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON TWO KINDS OF MESOCARYOTIC DINOFLAGELLATE NUCLEI

The nucleus of the mesocaryotic dinoflagellate has unusually distinctive features as seen under the light and electron microscope. An electron microscope study of 7 species has demonstrated two kinds of dinoflagellate nuclei. One type, characteristic of Amphidinium and most other dinoflagellates and called here the dinocaryotic type, is distinguished by the presence of discrete chromosomes visible throughout the entire cell cycle. The other type, found in vegetative cells of Noctiluca and called here the nocticaryotic type, is characteristically devoid of evident chromosomes at least during interphase. Questions are raised regarding the distinction between the nucleoplasm, chromosomes, and nucleolus of dinoflagellates. As the Heliozoa and Radiolariahave typically eucaroytic nuclei, they should not be considered as part of the Mesocaryota, as has been previously suggested.     

白纹伊蚊感染登革Ⅱ型病毒后的屏障

以高、低两种浓度病毒液分别经胸接种和经口感染海南株白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus后,经不同时间内对蚊虫中肠、脑、神经节和涎腺进行IFA染色检查.比较各器官感染率后可知该蚊存在中肠感染屏障(mesenteronal infection barrier MIB)、中肠释放屏障(mesenteronal escape barrier,MEB)和涎腺感染屏障(salivary gland infection barrier,SGIB)并且各屏障率分别与时间及剂量呈负相关.