转萝卜过氧化物酶基因毕赤酵母株系培养条件的优化

为了提高转萝卜过氧化物酶基因RsPrx1毕赤酵母株系的表达产量,对培养条件进行优化。试验结果表明,26℃,pH7.4,甲醇浓度0.5%,通气面积1.5cm2,225r/min条件下,萝卜过氧化物酶RsPrx1表达量达50.95U/mL。在优化条件下,对培养基补充方式和菌株的遗传稳定性研究表明,彻底更换培养基较补充培养基提高3倍得率,转基因菌株遗传稳定性较高。     

RNAi抑制萝卜过氧化物酶基因的效果受光照影响

农杆菌介导的RNAi技术已广泛应用于研究植物基因的功能.本实验应用小块萝卜肉质根体外培养,探讨光照对干扰萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1表达的影响.结果表明,干扰萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1表达后,抑制组中过氧化物酶活性显著低于对照组,光照减弱RNAi的抑制作用;抑制作用始于浸染后4 h, 过氧化物酶活性减低时,花青素含量增加,但光照增加花青素含量;HPLC结果显示,与对照组比,抑制组中花青素苷种类和含量有较大差异;花青素合成相关基因（RsCHS、RsDFR和RsLDOX）的mRNA水平在处理后明显上调.此外,过氧化氢酶活性和H2O2含量相应升高.由此表明,光照可影响农杆菌介导的RNAi效果,干扰萝卜过氧化物酶基因Rsprx1表达可以通过影响花青素合成相关基因的表达和过氧化氢含量,从而影响花青素代谢.     

转ChIFN-γ基因油菜植株的建立

干扰素(interferons, IFNs)是一类抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗细胞增殖等作用的高活性、多功能诱生性糖蛋白.采用农杆菌介导法将含鸡γ 干扰素 (chicken interferon-γ, ChIFN-γ) 基因的植物表达载体pSW NGN导入油菜下胚轴和子叶柄. 经筛选和分化,获得了62株抗性再生植株, 通过葡糖醛酸酶GUS (β-glucuronidase,GUS)活性检测、PCR检测及Southern杂交检测,确定获得2株单拷贝转ChIFN-γ 基因油菜. ELISA定量检测转基因植株中的ChIFN-γ 蛋白.结果表明,转基因植株ChIFN-γ 蛋白表达量最高可达1 120 pg/g鲜重.该研究为植物生物反应器生产ChIFN-γ 口服疫苗蛋白的开发及应用奠定了基础.     

转金属硫蛋白基因(MT_1)烟草耐NaCl胁迫能力

为明确柽柳(Tamarix sp.)金属硫蛋白(MT1)基因过量表达对提高植物耐NaCl能力的作用,对转MT1因烟草进行分子检测和生理特性分析,结果表明具有卡那霉素抗性的转基因植株经RT-PCR Southern杂交均表现为阳性,说明外源MT1基因已整合到烟草基因组,并且得到了表达。金属硫蛋白基因的过量表达提高了转基因烟草植株的耐NaCl能力,表现为在含有150mmol/L和300mmol/L NaCl的MS培养基上,转基因植株的株高和鲜重均明显优于非转基因株系;在生理性状上表现为转基因植株丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于非转基因株系,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性比非转基因株系明显增加。     

多选择标记植物表达载体的构建

具有多选择标记的植物基因表达载体有利于转基因植物研究中的转基因植株的筛选.本研究对植物基因表达载体pCAMBIA1301进行了改造,产生了1个具有可溶性的红移绿色荧光蛋白基因(smRS-GFP)、抗除草剂Basta、葡萄糖苷酸酶(GUS)及潮霉素(Hpt)的多选择标记的新的植物基因表达载体.运用这一表达载体的多选择标记可以有效降低检测和筛选转化植株时的假阳性率.此外,如此的基因表达载体也能满足实验室的不同筛选方法的需求.     

萝卜贮藏期过氧化物酶活性及同工酶谱研究

为了研究萝卜贮藏期过氧化物酶的活性变化和作用 ,利用愈创木酚法和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法检测在贮藏期萝卜过氧化物酶的活性及同工酶谱 ,实验结果表明 :不同品种的萝卜在不同贮藏时期其过氧化物酶活性及同工酶谱存在差异。贮藏时间越长过氧化物酶活性越高 ,同工酶谱酶带增多。萝卜色素含量越高 ,POD活性也越高 ,因此 ,在萝卜贮藏期有可能过氧化物酶在清除细胞内H2 O2 方面起主要作用     

棉花漆酶基因在转基因新疆杨中的表达及其对木质素合成的影响

以新疆杨叶柄为外植体,利用农杆菌法将棉花漆酶基因GaLAC1导入新疆杨.PCR,Soutllern杂交证明外源基因已经整合到杨树基因组中.漆酶活性分析表明转基因植株中漆酶活性较非转基因对照显著提高.与对照植株相比,转基因新疆杨茎段中总木质素的含量有不同程度的增加,最高达21.5%.木质素的组织化学染色进一步证实了GaLAC1的过量表达能够导致转基因植株中总木质素含量的增加.实验结果表明GaLAC1参与了植物体内木质素的合成,这是首次成功利用转基因植物证实植物漆酶基因参与木质素合成的报道.     

萝卜过氧化物酶对小鼠机体抗氧化作用的研究

目的 探索新的抗氧化剂.方法 研究萝卜过氧化物酶(POD)对小鼠肝、脾和肾脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)的影响.结果 用不同剂量的POD处理后,可以提高肝、脾和肾的SOD、GSH-Px的活性,减低丙二醛的含量.结论 萝卜过氧化物酶可以提高机体的抗氧化能力.     

转ZjAPX基因拟南芥对NaCl、干旱胁迫的耐性研究

旨在探讨枣树抗坏血酸过氧化物酶基因ZjAPX在植物渗透胁迫中的作用。将ZjAPX基因转入到模式植物拟南芥,以野生型(WT)、转ZjAPX拟南芥株系T2为试材,进行不同浓度NaCl胁迫和干旱胁迫。结果表明,转基因株系的种子萌发、植株生长均优于野生型株系;荧光定量PCR检测转基因拟南芥植株在干旱和盐胁迫处理10 d后目的基因ZjAPX的表达量显著高于野生拟南芥,表明ZjAPX的高表达明显提高了植株的抗旱和耐盐性。     

RNA干涉AtSUS3影响拟南芥SUS家族表达模式及角果成熟

蔗糖合成酶（SuSy）是植物蔗糖代谢的关键酶,在植物生长发育过程中起着重要作用.为研究拟南芥中SUS3的功能,构建RNAi-SUS3干涉载体,通过农杆菌介导的真空渗透法转化拟南芥.筛选获得纯系转基因植株后,对AtSUS家族进行表达分析,利用环境扫描电子显微镜观察转基因植株表型,并对转基因拟南芥角果进行木质素组织化学染色以及透射电子显微镜检测.结果表明,RNA干涉技术能够抑制AtSUS3的表达,正常培养条件下该基因沉默后对拟南芥的表型没有显著影响,但可引起角果中AtSUS1,AtSUS2和AtSUS4表达代偿性增加,使转基因植株角果内果皮层细胞次生细胞壁增厚,木质化程度加深,同时果瓣厚度也有增加趋势.结果提示,转基因拟南芥角果的发育较野生型植株更为优先,AtSUS3基因沉默可能有利于角果的成熟.     

Purification and cloning of a Chinese red radish peroxidase that metabolise pelargonidin and forms a gene family in Brassicaceae

An anionic peroxidase RsPrx1 was purified (RZ=3.0) and characterized from roots of Chinese red radish (Raphanus sativus var. niger, Brassicaceae). The specific activity of RsPrx1 (micromol mg(-1) min(-1)) is 413.5 (ferulic acid); 258.7 (ABTS); 177.3 (caffeic acid) and 10.0 (guaiacol acid). The optimum pH is 4.0 (citrate buffer) using ABTS as substrate. RsPrx1 can utilise the red pigment present in the root, pelargonidin, as substrate and the specific activity is 93.6 micromol mg(-1) min(-1). The molecular mass of RsPrx1 is 45 kDa (denatured) and 46 kDa (native) as determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration, respectively. The isoelectric point (pI) determined by native IEF is 4.7 and by chromatofocusing (Mono P) is 5.1. Analysis of tryptic peptides by nanoscale liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) covered 27% of the RsPrx1 sequence and confirmed its identity. The gene encoding RsPrx1 was cloned by PCR and the amino acid sequence showed the highest identity (82%) to peroxidase AtPrx22 and AtPrx23 from Arabidopsis thaliana and to HRPC3 and HRPE5 from horseradish, respectively. Activity-stained IEF gels show that RsPrx1 is primarily expressed in the roots in agreement with the expression profile of the orthologous genes. These five orthologous peroxidases have three introns of variable length and sequence at conserved locations between the distal and proximal histidine. The results suggest that RsPrx1 orthologs are widespread in the Brassicaceae plant family with a 15-residue-long C-terminal propeptide in common. Based on the results, we propose that RsPrx1 and orthologs are targeted to the vacuoles to modify stored anthocyanins like pelargonidin.     

Induction of enhanced disease resistance and oxidative stress tolerance by overexpression of pepper basic PR-1 gene in Arabidopsis

The pathogen- and ethylene-inducible pepper-basic pathogenesis-related (PR)-1 gene, CABPR1 , was strongly expressed in pepper leaves by osmotic and oxidative stresses. The pepper CABPR1 was introduced into the Arabidopsis plants under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter. Polymerase chain reaction-amplification with the Arabidopsis genomic DNA and Northern blot analyses confirmed that the pepper CABPR1 gene was integrated into the Arabidopsis genome, where it was overexpressed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants under normal growth conditions. The constitutive overexpression of CABPR1 induced the expression of the Arabidopsis PR-genes including PR-4 , PR-5 and PDF1.2 . Enhanced resistance to phytopathogenic bacteria, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000, was also observed in the transgenic Arabidopsis plants. CABPR1 overexpression in the transgenic Arabidopsis caused enhanced seed germination under NaCl (ionic) and mannitol (non-ionic) osmotic stresses. Enhanced tolerances to high salinity and dehydration stresses during seed germination of the transgenic plants were not found at the early seedling stage. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants exhibited a higher tolerance to oxidative stress by methyl viologen at the seed germination, seedling and adult plant stages. These results suggest that the CABPR1 gene may function in the enhanced disease resistance and oxidative stress tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis plants.     

亲环素AtCYP1 RNA干涉载体的构建及对拟南芥发育的影响

根据拟南芥AtCYP1基因序列设计特异引物,以拟南芥总DNA为模板,扩增AtCYP1基因中344 bp转录本,插入表达载体PTCK303,构建目的基因RNA干扰载体Ubi::AtCYP1i。利用改良的农杆菌浸染技术获得拟南芥RNAi转基因株系,RT-PCR分析结果表明转基因株系中AtCYP1基因的表达量低于野生型,表型观察结果表明RNAi转基因纯合株系抽苔时间比野生型晚3.32 d,抽苔叶片数较野生型多2.49片,其开花时间、结出第一个种荚的时间、株高等方面也与野生型存在明显差异。此结果说明AtCYP1可能参与了拟南芥的早花发育过程,为进一步研究其在植物生长发育中的功能奠定了基础。     

拟南芥AtDAD1 超量表达植株对H2O2抗性的研究

构建拟南芥AtDAD1超量表达载体,以农杆菌介导的方法转化拟南芥哥伦比亚生态型,比较AtDAD1超量表达植株和野生型植株表现型的差异,以及两者对H2O2抗性的不同。实验显示,AtDAD1转基因拟南芥生长较野生型拟南芥更为强壮,对高浓度H2O2有较强的耐受力。测定两者糖含量,发现AtDAD1转基因拟南芥叶片糖的含量明显高于野生型拟南芥叶片。以上结果表明,AtDAD1基因可能参与植物生长发育,并可能在拟南芥抵抗凋亡的过程中发挥重要的作用。     

过量表达棉花GaSus3基因增强拟南芥的耐盐性

构建了植物过量表达载体p35S：：GaSus3,通过花序浸染法成功获得转GaSus3基因拟南芥植株。利用NaCl模拟盐胁迫处理,证实转基因拟南芥与野生型相比耐盐性明显增强。在盐胁迫下,转基因拟南芥受到的影响较小,而野生型则受盐害影响严重：转基因拟南芥具有更好的萌发率和主根长度,以保证植株正常生长;盐胁迫下转基因拟南芥能保持较多的绿色叶片,而野生型则过早黄化死亡。研究还发现,转基因拟南芥的过氧化氢酶活性在胁迫前后都高于野生型,这说明转GaSus3基因能够提高拟南芥抗氧化胁迫的能力。研究结果为进一步探讨GaSus3基因在棉花耐盐方面的功能奠定了基础。     

水稻受盐抑制基因OsZFP1的转基因分析

OsZFP1(水稻锌指蛋白1)基因编码的蛋白含有3个推测的Cys2/Cys2-型锌指结构域,它的表达受盐胁迫负调控.构建了以35S为启动子的OsZFP1基因的植物表达载体,并将其转入拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana L.)植物和水稻(Oryza sativa L.)愈伤组织中以过量表达OsZFP1基因.转基因的拟南芥植株和水稻愈伤组织对盐处理的敏感性都比野生型要高.这一结果表明OsZFP1基因可能编码一种负调控蛋白,它可能抑制某些盐诱导基因的表达.在ABA处理下,转基因拟南芥植株比野生型植株抽苔晚,说明OsZFP1基因的作用可能受ABA调节.     

Differential contribution of two peroxisomal protein receptors to the maintenance of peroxisomal functions in Arabidopsis

Peroxisomes in higher plant cells are known to differentiate in function depending on the cell type. Because of the functional differentiation, plant peroxisomes are subdivided into several classes, such as glyoxysomes and leaf peroxisomes. These peroxisomal functions are maintained by import of newly synthesized proteins containing one of two peroxisomal targeting signals known as PTS1 and PTS2. These targeting signals are known to be recognized by the cytosolic receptors, Pex5p and Pex7p, respectively. To demonstrate the contribution of Pex5p and Pex7p to the maintenance of peroxisomal functions in plants, double-stranded RNA constructs were introduced into the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Expression of the PEX5 and PEX7 genes was efficiently reduced by the double-stranded RNA-mediated interference in the transgenic Arabidopsis. The Pex5p-deficient Arabidopsis showed reduced activities for both glyoxysomal and leaf peroxisomal functions. An identical phenotype was observed in a transgenic Arabidopsis overexpressing functionally defective Pex5p. In contrast, the Pex7p-deficient Arabidopsis showed reduced activity for glyoxysomal function but not for leaf peroxisomal function. Analyses of peroxisomal protein import in the transgenic Arabidopsis revealed that Pex5p was involved in import of both PTS1-containing proteins and PTS2-containing proteins, whereas Pex7p contributed to the import of only PTS2-containing proteins. Overall, the results indicated that Pex5p and Pex7p play different roles in the maintenance of glyoxysomal and leaf peroxisomal functions in plants.     

Overexpression of Arabidopsis ACK1 alters leaf morphology and retards growth and development

Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) play important roles in the plant cell cycle, a highly coordinated process in plant growth and development. To understand the regulatory network involving the CDKs, we have examined the role of ACK1, a gene that has significant homology to known ICKs (inhibitors of CDKs), but occupies a distinct branch of the ICK phylogenetic tree. Overexpression of ACK1 in transgenic Arabidopsis significantly inhibited growth, leading to effects such as serration of leaves, as a result of strong inhibition of cell division in the leaf meristem. ACK1 transgenic plants also differed morphologically from control Arabidopsis plants, and the cells of ACK1 transgenics were more irregular than the corresponding cells of control plants. These results suggest that ACK1 acts as a CDK inhibitor in Arabidopsis, and that the alterations in leaf shape may be the result of restricted cell division.