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1.
Breeding site fidelity in willow ptarmigan: the influence of previous reproductive success and familiarity with partner and territory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Summary Breeding site fidelity is high in willow ptarmigan: only 9% of males and 31% of females switched territories between years. Unpaired males were more likely to switch territories than paired males. For paired males, survival of their previous partner and reproductive success in year x did not influence probability of switching in year x+1. A female was more likely to switch territories if her previous partner disappeared. If her partner returned, she had a higher probability of switching if she did not produce chicks the previous year. Most hens moved to the territories of older males, although hens paired with unfamiliar older males did not have higher reproductive success than those paired with yearlings. Individuals that paired with their previous partner laid earlier and produced heavier chicks than those paired with unfamiliar partners. Excluding birds paired with familiar partners, survival and reproductive success in year x+1 was similar for males and females that did or did not switch territories. Males had a higher probability of producing chicks after switching than before, but females were more likely to lose their clutch after switching. For both sexes, birds that switched territories were as successful as the birds that replaced them on their former territories. We conclude that high site fidelity in willow ptarmigan is maintained because of the benefits of pairing with a familiar partner. 相似文献
2.
Males of the solitary bee Amegilla (Asarapoda) paracalva employ two mate-locating tactics: aggressive defense of sites from which virgin females are emerging and patrolling flower
patches that are visited by conspecific females. At one study site, a single male was able to control an entire emergence
area for one or more days. Multiple males patrolled one flower patch, interacting aggressively on occasion but no one individual
was able to monopolize this resource. Territorial males at the emergence site secured mates by waiting by tunnels for receptive
virgin females to emerge after metamorphosis. Males patrolling the flower patch pounced upon flower visiting conspecifics
and mated with receptive females there. Territorial males at the emergence site were larger than average individuals, probably
because of the advantage larger males have when grappling with opponents. Flower patrolling males were smaller than territorial
males at the emergence sites, perhaps because of the advantages gained by these males from rapid, agile flight. 相似文献
3.
Some males of the cerambycid beetle Trachyderes (Dendrobias) mandibularisgained access to mates by defending a patchily distributed food resource, the fruits of saguaro cactus (Cereus giganteus).Male beetles differed greatly in fighting ability because of extreme variation in body size and a striking dimorphism in mandibular weaponry. As is typical in resource defense mating systems, larger males had an advantage in combat. Major males with their large pincer jaws invariably defeated minor males with small cutting jaws, and larger majors usually defeated smaller majors. However, although minor males were at a competitive disadvantage on saguaro fruits, they did not suffer a great penalty in terms of mating probability. In contrast, minor males have a considerably lower probability of mating at desert broom (Baccharis sarothroides)where sap ooze sites are few in number and effectively monopolized by major males (Goldsmith, S. K., Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol.20,111–115, 1987). On saguaros, minor males successfully obtained mates through scramble competition while avoiding direct physical competition with larger, territorial major males. Smaller males of either morph may have succeeded in acquiring mates in part because there were many more ripe saguaro fruits than beetles, which made it impossible for larger major males to monopolize females effectively under these conditions. 相似文献
4.
Stephen M. Shuster Roy L. Caldwell 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》1989,82(3):192-207
In Caribbean Panama, nonreproductive male and female stomatopods are solitary and defend their own coral-rubble cavities. When breeding pairs form, however, males assume all responsibility for cavity defense. To compare success in cavity defense and defensive tactics among paired and unpaired males, and to examine the tendency for paired stomatopods to exchange their present mates for larger (higher quality) individuals, we introduced same-sized and 15% larger male, and same-sized and 15% larger reproductive female intruders to paired and unpaired male residents in a balanced design. Paired males were more successful at cavity defense than unpaired males, evidently because paired males strike intruders more than unpaired males, and because intruders fight less intensely against paired males than against unpaired males. Paired males occasionally attempted extrapair copulations, but showed little tendency to abandon their mates in favor of larger females. Paired females, however, mated readily with intruder males that evicted resident males. Populationwide female breeding synchrony and prolonged female receptivity before oviposition reduce variance in male mating success and may force males to guard the breeding cavity to assure their paternity. Uncertainty about the reproductive condition of intruder females may prevent males from exchanging mates. 相似文献
5.
Glick Barbara Beckerman Eaton G. Gray Johnson Deanne F. Worlein Julie M. 《International journal of primatology》1986,7(5):467-479
Quantitative data are presented on the effects of subject sex, partner sex,and kinship on the social interactions of 18 juveniles of the Oregon troop of Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata).Data on these subjects as infants were also used to detail maturational changes in partner sex preferences. Nine males and
nine females, whose multiparous mothers represented a cross section of dominance ranks, were observed using a focal-animal
technique. Juveniles of both sexes engaged in more proximity, contact, grooming, mounting, aggression, and social play with
kin than with nonkin partners. They initiated less contact with females and more contact with males during their second year.
They initiated more grooming and aggression during their second year than their first year, with females displaying a strong
preference for grooming females and males specifically aggressing males more during the second year. Aggression was higher
between same-sexed partners than between opposite-sexed partners. Males engaged in more social interactions with males during
the second year than the first year of life. Males played more than females during both years. Males played more with males
during the second year than the first year, and males played with males more than did females during the second year. We conclude
that sex differences in behavioral frequencies become evident during the first year of life, and sex differences in partner
preferences emerge during the second year of life. 相似文献
6.
Body size influences mating success of the Eucalyptus longhorned borer (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Both sexes of adultPhoracantha semipunctata F. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) congregate on stressedEucalyptus that are the larval hosts. In a field study, 721 adultP. semipunctata captured on host trees varied considerably in body size with the largest individuals being about twice the length of the smallest. Females that were paired with a mate were similar in size to solitary females, suggesting that the probability of a female being mated was not affected by her size. However, large males had greater success than smaller males in obtaining mates. MaleP. semipunctata rely on antennal contact to locate and identify females on the larval host. Therefore, the rate at which males search for mates is a function of the area swept by their antennae per unit time. Because of their greater antennal spread, large males were able to search for females at double the rate of the smallest males. Large males also dominated in aggressive contests for females. The superior abilities of large maleP. semipunctata in both locating and defending mates account for the influence of body size on mating success. 相似文献
7.
Division of labor in the monogamous goby,Valenciennea longipinnis, in relation to burrowing behavior 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Feeding and burrowing behavior of the monogamous gobiid fish,Valenciennea longipinnis, were studied on the coral reef at Sesoko Island, Okinawa, Japan. These fish usually live in pairs, the male and female feeding
in close proximity to one another upon benthic animals and constructing several burrows cooperatively for purposes of shelter
or spawning. Paired females fed more and burrowed less frequently than their mates. Because burrow maintenance was mostly
conducted by the latter, the paired females performed work much less frequently than solitary females. Thus, the paired females
may be able to allocate more energy toward egg production. The division of labor related to burrowing behavior in this species
may be an effective way to increase reproductive success for both sexes. Moreover, the fameles burrowed even less frequently
when paired with larger males, probably because burrowing ability may be correlated with mouth size in males. This is a likely
reason for the preference of females to mate with larger males. 相似文献
8.
Intrasexual copulation and mate discrimination by Nodilittorina radiata (Gastropoda: Littorinidae) were studied on a concrete breakwater at Hakodate Bay, southern Hokkaido, Japan. Intrasexual (male–male) copulations were observed in 4.7–21.1% of copulating pairs on the shore. As females were relatively larger than males and males copulated with females larger than themselves, we hypothesized that males choose potential mates larger than themselves. However, two male mates showed no significant size preference in intrasexual copulations, suggesting that males do not choose relatively larger individuals as mates. In a laboratory mate-choice experiment, male N. radiata preferred to mate with females, indicating precopulatory sex identification. They copulated with males, however, at the frequency of 37%, perhaps because of sex misidentification. 相似文献
9.
We studied the relationship among re‐mating, site fidelity and breeding performance in the tree swallow Tachycineta bicolor using 16 y of data on reproductive biology in a population breeding in nest boxes near Ithaca, New York. Of 217 pairs for which both members survived the non‐breeding season, 76% mated with a new partner and 24% reunited with their previous mate. Pairs did not increase their breeding success by breeding together for more than one breeding season. Males produced fewer fledglings after breeding with a new partner, but females neither increased nor decreased their success when breeding with a new mate. Females who bred with a new partner were younger than females that reunited with their previous mates, and they were more likely to move to a different nest box. Males that bred with a new mate were of similar age to males that reunited, and they did not move more often. The probability of breeding with a new partner was better predicted by female age than by previous breeding success, suggesting that re‐mating was not strongly affected by past breeding performance. Because younger females change breeding sites more frequently than do older females and females that mated with a new partner were younger than females that reunited with their previous mates, we suggest that the tendency of tree swallows to change partners between years is a by‐product of lower site fidelity of younger females rather than a strategy for increasing breeding success. 相似文献
10.
Stephen M. Shuster 《Animal behaviour》1981,29(3):698-707
Females and parental males commonly discriminate among potential mates. Male discrimination is often assumed to be lacking in species with non-parental males. However, male competition in these species may favour male discrimination since indiscriminate matings may waste time and energy. Males in such species should attempt to maximize their fertilization rates; females in such species should mate only with males able to enhance female reproductive success. Males of the Socorro isopod, Thermosphaeroma thermophilum, engage in precopulatory guarding, preferring larger, more fecund females and females near a reproductive moult. Males also guard post-moult females. Large males prevail when usurping or resisting usurpation, and guard large females. Females may choose mates by selective resistance to insemination attempts. 相似文献
11.
Yasuo Fukui 《Journal of Ethology》1995,13(1):1-8
Male and female mate choices were investigated in the grapsid crab,Gaetice depressus (Crustacea, Decapoda) in a laboratory experiment. Males mated indiscriminately with regard to the body size of the females,
and frequently copulated with the first females they encountered. In contrast, females showed mate discrimination with regard
to the body size of males. The females tended to sample potential mates prior to copulation, and showed both a preference
for the larger males and a tendency toward the rejection of males with body sizes smaller than their own. However, they did
not discriminate between two males that were either larger or smaller than they themselves. Mate choice by the females of
this species is though to be based upon threshold-criterion tactics, in which the body size of the female itself is used as
a threshold value. 相似文献
12.
Ethan D. Clotfelter Leslie J. Curren† & Caleb E. Murphy‡ 《Ethology : formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie》2006,112(12):1170-1178
Courtship displays should be exaggerated enough to attract mates and yet tempered so as not to deter them. We tested this hypothesis in the fighting fish Betta splendens by studying courtship displays and body size and their relationships with male parental quality and female fecundity, as well as the effects of display behavior and body size on mate choice decisions and spawning success. Because of their high degree of parental investment, males are expected to be discriminating in their choice of mates. Males who displayed more frequently built larger nests, a measure of parental quality, but larger males did not. When females were paired with males with high display rates, however, the pair had fewer eggs in their nest, even when accounting for female body mass. In a mate choice test using computer‐generated male stimuli that differed only in display behavior, females showed no preferences for displaying males vs. non‐displaying males, or for males with higher display rates vs. lower display rates. In similar tests in which the computer‐generated males differed only in size, females preferred larger males, but also preferred males that differed with respect to body size (negative assortative mating). Males preferred computer‐generated females that performed courtship displays over non‐displaying females, but showed no preferences for female body size. Neither a female's body size nor her display behavior was a significant predictor of her fecundity as estimated by the number of eggs released during spawning. Thus, our results suggest that female B. splendens must balance male parental quality (nest size) with the risk of potentially disruptive or dangerous behavior during spawning, and that females may minimize these risks through negative size‐assortative mating. Female display behavior, while unrelated to fecundity in our study, may attract males because it indicates reproductive readiness or serves a species‐recognition function. 相似文献
13.
Qiao Wang 《Journal of Insect Behavior》2002,15(5):675-687
Zorion guttigerum is a flower-visiting longhorned beetle endemic to New Zealand. Sexual selection of this species in relation to the body size and color form of different sexes was investigated in the field. The population sex ratio, based on censuses of feeding and mating sites (flowers), is male-biased. Females are significantly larger than males. Both sexes have antennae of similar length but the antennal length relative to the elytral length is greater in males than in females, and the antennal length of males increases more with an increase in body size than that of females. Both sexes have dark blue (DB) and yellowish-brown (YB) individuals. Both pair-bonded and solitary males are similar in elytral and antennal length. In pair-bonded males, DB individuals are significantly more numerous than YB ones, but in solitary males, the number of both color forms is similar. Males tend to have territory protection behavior, fighting with and chasing away rival males from feeding and mating sites. Larger males usually win the fight but the size-dependent fighting advantage does not translate into mating success. Male color plays an important role in mating success, with DB males having a significantly better chance to mate than YB males. Furthermore, male body size and color also have interactions in mating success: males of DB color morph obtain a greater mating advantage according to body size. Pair-bonded females are significantly larger and have longer antennae than solitary females, suggesting that males prefer larger females for mating. In addition, females of DB color morph with longer antennae are also preferred by males for mating. The significance of these findings is discussed. 相似文献
14.
We investigated the effects of estradiol-treated females on the behavior of male budgerigars. In comparison to control females,
females given implants of estradiol showed elevated nest behavior and darker cere color, which are characteristics of breeding
females. After we confirmed the efficacy of estradiol treatment on behavior and morphology, each female was paired with a
male mate. Males paired with estradiol-treated females showed more courtship behavior (auditory and visual display, and courtship
feeding) to their mates than males paired with control females. These data indicate that budgerigar females with a high estrogen
level enhance males' courtship behavior. Since males did not show response to estradiol-treated females soon after females
were introduced, effects of estradiol-treated female budgerigars may be mediated by the endocrine system, rather than wholly
by the nervous system, of males.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
15.
Steven K. Goldsmith Zoe Stewart Stacie Adams Angela Trimble 《Journal of Insect Behavior》1996,9(5):719-727
The natural history and mating system ofPlectrodera scalator exhibit several unusual characteristics. Larvae and adults feed on the wood and foliage, respectively, of the same plant,Populus deltoides. The population sex ratio, based on censuses of oviposition areas, is female-biased. Females are significantly larger than males, yet males are intensely aggressive. Larger males tend to win escalated battles, which involve grasping of antennae with mandibles, but smaller males can defeat larger males if they grasp their opponent's antenna first. Most escalated fights involve possession of a female, but prior possession does not play a role in determining the outcome of these fights. The size-dependent fighting advantage does not translate into a mating advantage for larger males. There is no significant difference in elytron length or body mass between mating and single males. Larger females are not preferred as mates. The mating system appears to be a mixture of female-defense and scramble-competition tactics. One advantage to males of aggression may be in its effect on sperm precedence. Males appear to be able to remove previously deposited sperm from a female's reproductive tract. 相似文献
16.
Male traits under cryptic female choice in the spotted cucumber beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:3
Males of the spotted cucumber beetle (Diabrotica undecimpunctata
howardi) rhythmically stroke females with their antennae during
copulation. Males that stroke quickly have a higher probabilityof being accepted as a mate. We determined (1) the mechanismby which females prevent unattractive males from passing spermatophores,(2) whether antennal stroking signals to females the likelihoodof receiving a nuptial gift, and (3) if other male traits inaddition to stroking are subjected to sexual selection fromfemale preference. Dissections of pairs flash-frozen in copuladuring and after antennal stroking showed musculature that,when contracted, folded the vaginal duct leading to the female'sbursa copulatrix in a way that prevented complete penetrationby the aedeagus. These muscles were always contracted whilemales were stroking and always relaxed after stroking had ceased.Males accepted as mates did not differ from males that failedto pass a spermatophore in either absolute or relative bodyweight, aedeagus length, or the amount of cucurbitacins (potentialnuptial gifts) sequestered in their spermatophores. Although99% of the beetles that came to cucurbitacin-rich Cucurbitafruits in the field were males, males that had sequestered
cucurbitacins did not stroke females faster than males withno cucurbitacins, and fast-stroking males were not more likelyto find and sequester cucurbitacins than were males that strokedmore slowly. Males with a cucurbitacin slurry painted on theirantennae had no mating advantage over controls. We concludethat females discriminate among males after copulation hasbegun on the basis of antennal stroking displays (or some traitcorrelated with stroking speed) that males perform to enticefemales to relax their bursal sphincter. 相似文献
17.
John Sivinski 《Journal of Insect Behavior》1989,2(1):3-13
Male and female Anastrepha suspensa(Loew) had a clumped distribution in the foliage of their guava host plants. Males were no closer to other males than they were to females or than females were to other females. Flies were often found in roughly the same locations over time. However, contemporaries (flies present at the same time) were closer to each other than subsequent flies were to their predecessors. Males were more likely to be found near spots previously occupied by males than they were to spots used previously by females. Some trees had more flies than others, but there was no regional (northwest, etc.) preference within trees. Females were no more likely to be found in the vicinity of clumped (lekking) males than they were by isolated males. About a third of the females taken from inside leks had sperm in their spermathecae, and it is not clear if their motive for being in these areas was sexual. In pairs of males (within 15 cm of each other), the larger fly tends to be in a position farther up the branch, suggesting that larger males may control preferred territories. It seems possible that males attempting to intercept females accumulate in favorable microhabitats where females are likely to be concentrated and that leks have evolved from such clumping. 相似文献
18.
Males of the parasitoid wasp Nasonia vitripennis showed no innate preference for blue versus yellow or for green versus brown. They learned to associate color with mates, but their ability to do so depended on the color used and the strength of the reward. Specifically, males learned to associate brown or green with a reward of many virgin females. With fewer females, fewer training periods, or mated females as the reward, males still learned a preference for green but not for brown. Males did not learn to associate color with rewards of honey or water. Previous studies of color preference and associative learning in parasitoid wasps have focused almost entirely on females. This is the first demonstration of associative learning in response to visual cues by male parasitoid wasps. 相似文献
19.
Michael Perrone Jr. 《Environmental Biology of Fishes》1978,3(2):193-201
Synopsis The patterns of mate size and parental care of a monogamous cichlid fish,Cichlasoma maculicauda, were studied in Gatun Lake, Panama. Males defend territories which serve as courtship and nest sites. Within a population most mates in pairs are of equal size rank. In each pair the male is larger than the female, probably because most mature males are larger than most mature females. Clutch size increases with female body size. Male size affects breeding success in two ways. First, larger males provide nest sites less susceptible to destructive wave action. Second, young of larger males grow faster than young of smaller males. Large males defeat small males in contests for position in feeding areas, and this may provide their young with better feeding conditions. In the laboratory young growth rates increase with food abundance, and at high levels of food surpass those observed in nature. Fast growth of young reduces their vulnerability to predators and should allow parents to breed more often. Young survival rates improve with the size of the parents, so that larger fish raise more offspring at each breeding attempt. These observations suggest why preference for large mates should occur. 相似文献
20.
Emily S. Rothwell Sarah B. Carp Logan E. Savidge Sally P. Mendoza Karen L. Bales 《American journal of primatology》2020,82(10):e23181
Pair-bonded primates have uniquely enduring relationships and partners engage in a suite of behaviors to maintain these close bonds. In titi monkeys, pair bond formation has been extensively studied, but changes across relationship tenure remain unstudied. We evaluated differences in behavioral indicators of pair bonding in newly formed (~6 months paired, n = 9) compared to well-established pairs (average 3 years paired, n = 8) of titi monkeys (Callicebus cupreus) as well as sex differences within the pairs. We hypothesized that overall males would contribute more to maintenance than females, but that the pattern of maintenance behaviors would differ between newly formed and well-established pairs. Each titi monkey (N = 34) participated in a partner preference test (PPT), where the subject was placed in a middle test cage with grated windows separating the subject from the partner on one side and an opposite-sex stranger on the other side. During this 150-min behavioral test, we quantified four key behaviors: time in proximity to the partner or stranger as well as aggressive displays toward the partner or stranger. Overall, we found different behavioral profiles representing newly formed and well-established pair-bond relationships in titi monkeys and male-biased relationship maintenance. Males spent ∼40% of their time in the PPT maintaining proximity to the female partner, regardless of relationship tenure. Males from well-established bonds spent less time (14%) near the female stranger compared to males from newly formed bonds (21%) at the trend level. In contrast, females from well-established bonds spent less (23%) time near the male partner in the PPT compared to females from newly formed bonds (47%). Aggressive displays were more frequent in newly formed bonds compared to well-established bonds, especially for females. Scan sampling for homecage affiliation showed that newly formed pairs were more likely to be found tail twining than well-established pairs. 相似文献