首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
云南纳帕海黑颈鹤越冬行为与生境利用初步观察   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
2005年10月~2006年3月在纳帕海自然保护区对黑颈鹤越冬期行为和生境利用进行了30天观察.采用扫描取样和目标取样对黑颈鹤的行为和生境利用进行了观察.将行为划分为觅食、喂食与索食、伫立、休息、运动、保养、社群等7种.整个越冬期黑颈鹤的主要行为是觅食,觅食行为在越冬中、末期在所有行为所占比例逐渐增加.黑颈鹤的觅食行为60%以上发生在沼泽,其次是沼泽畔的草地.因此,保护好湿地沼泽对黑颈鹤在纳帕海顺利越冬极为重要.  相似文献   

2.
纳帕海自然保护区位于滇西北香格里拉县,是湿地鸟类迁徙途中停留觅食的“驿站”和越冬地。2006年冬至2007年春对保护区冬季猛禽资源进行了3次调查,共设4个观察点,采用瞬时扫描取样和目标取样法对各猛禽的状态行为、生境 利用和事件行为进行数据采集。共观察记录猛禽1目2科9种。猛禽种群分布和数量与保护区鸟类资源变化密切相关。白尾海雕和高山兀鹫的越冬行为主要是觅食、休息和运动。行为的变化受食物丰富度的影响明显。通过有效保护湿地内的环境、其它鸟类资源和科学管理,对本地区的猛禽资源保护有重要作用。  相似文献   

3.
云南纳帕海越冬黑颈鹤日间行为模式与年龄和集群的关系   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2006年10月—2007年5月,在云南省西北部纳帕海,采用路线调查结合瞬时扫描行为取样法,对越冬黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)种群的时间分配及其与年龄、集群和时间的关系进行了观察。结果说明,黑颈鹤越冬活动主要是以觅食为主,占日间时间的(76.81±9.1)%。越冬期间黑颈鹤日间行为的节律性较为明显,具有适应高寒气候的特点。集群形式对成鹤的行为有着显著影响,集群和家庭中活动的成鹤在觅食、警戒和争斗中存在显著差异(F1,76= 0.27、0.77, U= 279, P= 0.001—0.000)。年龄是影响鹤群行为的因素之一。幼鹤相比成鹤有较多的觅食时间和休息时间,警戒行为比例较低(F1,76= 0.04—2.59, U= 188—299, P= 0.006—0.000),且不受集群形式的影响。随着越冬期间的早、中、晚3个时期的环境变化,黑颈鹤的时间分配有显著变化(F2,36= 4.63—26.54, 22= 5.29—13.68, P= 0.0016—0.000)。不同越冬地的黑颈鹤行为存在差异。气候、食物资源和人为影响可能是造成这些差异的主要因素。  相似文献   

4.
大理洱海湖滨带鸟类多样性   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4  
洱海地处云南西部,是中国西部候鸟迁徙时的重要停息地和越冬地,但其湖滨带鸟类组成与季节变化尚无专门研究。作者于2011年1月(冬季)、3和4月(春季)、7月(夏季)、10和11月(秋季)采用样线法对洱海湖滨带的鸟类多样性进行了调查,在洱海西岸湖滨带共设4条调查样线,总长度48.2 km,冬夏季节各进行2 d共4次调查,春秋各进行4 d共8次调查。共记录到鸟类13目38科115种,其中有国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类7种;留鸟61种,夏候鸟7种,冬候鸟39种,旅鸟8种;按生态类群分,有游禽19种,涉禽22种,猛禽7种,陆禽3种,攀禽8种,鸣禽56种。研究结果表明,秋季的鸟类物种数及多样性指数最高,夏季均匀性指数最高。5类生境中,树林灌丛生境的鸟类多样性和均匀性最高;近岸水域鸟类个体数量最多。依据调查结果,建议沿环湖公路营造更多树林,在适宜地点建造滩涂,将有利于鸟类栖息觅食。  相似文献   

5.
2015—2016年4个季节,采用样线法和样点法结合调查鸟类并基于遥感信息分析生境结构,研究了大山包自然保护区9个1 km~2样点鸟类多样性及其与生境的关系。结果表明:大山包共有鸟类16目41科127种,包含国家重点保护鸟类14种;雀形目、雁形目、鸻形目鸟类为主,共27科80种,数量最多的是斑头雁(Anser indicus)、小云雀(Alauda gulgula)、黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis),共占总数量的50.09%;种类以留鸟(占49.61%)和鸣禽(51.97%)为主,数量以冬候鸟(58.13%)和水鸟(60.28%)为主;40.94%的种类和60.28%的数量均偏好水域湿地生境类型;Pearson相关系数表明,水域面积占比与冬季和春季鸟类数量显著相关(P0.05),森林-灌丛面积占比与夏季和秋季鸟类种类显著相关(P0.05);大山包是重要的鸟类栖息地和越冬地,其生境结构对鸟类种类和数量有巨大影响;营建水域、森林-灌丛、沼泽湿地等多种生境类型及其空间组合,是保护大山包鸟类多样性的重要途径。  相似文献   

6.
云南省纳帕海自然保护区越冬黑颈鹤的集群特征   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
2004年10月-2005年5月,在云南纳帕海自然保护区采用定点扫描法对越冬黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)的集群类犁和集群大小进行了观察.结果表明黑颈鹤夜间集群夜栖,形成较大的夜栖群,平均群体大小为67.9只(16-157,n=17):按照有无灰鹤加入,又将其分为同种集群和混种集群两种类型,其中同种集群的黑颈鹤数量占整个越冬种群的65.3%.在白昼,黑颈鹤以家庭鹤、集群鹤及特殊群体3种类型活动,家庭鹤和集群鹤的平均大小分别为2.7只(2-4,n=145)和16.1只(3-65,n=1017).黑颈鹤的集群大小并不稳定,在日内和月份间均有明显变化(P=0.000<0.05).存越冬期,最大集群形成于12月,其次为11月和1月;在日内,早上8时集群最大,随后减小并保持相对稳定,18时黑颈鹤开始向夜栖地靠拢,使得集群再次开始增大.随后观察中还发现,黑颈鹤的家庭解体过程开始于3月底,当幼鹤被成鹤驱逐离群后,逐渐加入集群鹤活动,从而使得家庭鹤和集群鹤的大小和组成发生改变.黑颈鹤的集群大小和组成受自身状况、种内关系、天气、食物等多种因素的共同影响,随时间和季节变动而发生变化,是对自身、种群和环境条件变化的综合反映.  相似文献   

7.
上海城市绿地冬季鸟类群落特征与生境的关系   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
2005年11月至2006年2月对上海市区绿地鸟类进行了调查,共记录到鸟类34种,隶属5目16科。研究发现冬季鸟类群落结构相对稳定,优势种为麻雀(Passer montanus)和白头鹎(Pycnonotus sinensis)。冬季鸟类群落多样性受多种因素的影响,其中绿地面积、乔木盖度和栖息地类型多样性是影响鸟类多样性的关键因子。聚类结果表明,面积大、生境类型丰富及人为干扰相对较少的绿地,鸟类多样性高。因此提出如下建议:(1)增加城市中植物种类,特别是乡土物种,适当提高冬季常绿乔木以及乔、灌、草的比例;(2)在绿地中尽可能多地保留自然生境;(3)在城市绿地中适当开辟湿地生境,以吸引水鸟栖息。  相似文献   

8.
云南大山包黑颈鹤日间越冬时间分配和活动节律   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
2006年10月—2007年4月采用瞬时扫描取样法对云南省昭通市大山包黑颈鹤国家级自然保护区内越冬的黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)种群进行了越冬时间分配和日间活动节律的研究。取食是黑颈鹤越冬期间最主要的行为,占(53.05±4.93)%,其次为警戒(18.75±2.65)%、搜寻(10.38±1.34)%和休整(10.32±4.93)%,其余行为依次为:行走(4.90±1.59)%、飞行(1.70±0.38)%、其他(0.55±0.41)%、争斗(0.36±0.25)%。黑颈鹤的出飞时间与日出时间、飞回时间与日落时间分别具有显著的正相关和负相关关系。越冬期间黑颈鹤日间各时间段(1h)(09:00—18:00)和各月份间(2006.11—2007.03)行为差异极显著(P<0.05),并呈现出上午和下午取食双峰、中午休息高峰的规律性变化。气温高时黑颈鹤增加休整时间减少取食时间;气温低时则减少休整时间增加取食时间。偏相关分析说明:环境温度独立地对越冬时间分配产生影响,湿度通过温度对黑颈鹤越冬时间分配产生相反的影响。  相似文献   

9.
车辆运营对鸟类的影响已经引起了国际上广泛的关注,我国还鲜有相关研究。本文以云南三江并流区穿越云南高黎贡山国家级自然保护区的S316六库-片马公路为研究对象,采用慢速行车结合徒步调查的方法,于2009~2010年研究了交通视觉因素(车色、车型、车速)、交通噪声因素(路肩处与路域100m范围)、鸟类距离因素与鸟类行为反应之间的关系。结果表明,与鸟类行为反应有关系的因子有路肩噪声值(P=0.045,Spearman Correlation R=0.200)、路域100m范围噪声值(P=0.048,Spearman Correlation R=0.319)、车速(P=0.010,Spearman Correlation R=-0.236)、车型(P=0.030,Spearman Correlation R=-0.196)以及鸟类距公路的距离(P=0.027,Spearman Correlation R=-0.254)。为此提出在部分敏感路段应采用禁鸣、减噪路面等措施来减少交通运营对鸟类的影响。  相似文献   

10.
Han LX  Han B  Den ZW  Yu HZ  Zhao JL 《动物学研究》2011,32(5):575-576
2011年6月10日在云南省迪庆藏族自治州香格里拉县野外考察中,于纳帕海自然保护区发现一大型涉禽,经查阅文献,确认该物种为中国鸟类新纪录种——白颈鹳(Ciconia episcopus)。  相似文献   

11.
ABSTRACT.   One of the most endangered populations of Black-necked Cranes ( Grus nigricollis ), the central population, is declining due to habitat loss and degradation, but little is known about their space use patterns and habitat preferences. We examined the space use and habitat preferences of Black-necked Cranes during the winter of 2007–2008 at the Napahai wetland in northwest Yunnan, China, where approximately 300 Black-necked Cranes (>90% of the total central population) spent the winter. Euclidean distance analysis was employed to determine the habitat preferences of Black-necked Cranes, and a local nearest-neighbor, convex-hull construction method was used to examine space use. Our results indicate that Black-necked Cranes preferred shallow marsh and wet meadow habitats and avoided farmland and dry grassland. Core-use areas (50% isopleths) and total-use areas (100% isopleths) accounted for only 1.2% and 28.2% of the study area, respectively. We recommend that habitat protection efforts focus on shallow marsh and wet meadow habitats to maintain preferred foraging sites. Core-use areas, such as the primary foraging areas of Black-necked Cranes, should be designated as part of the core zone of the nature reserve. Monthly shifts in the core-use areas of the cranes also indicate that the reserve should be large enough to permit changes in space use. In addition to preserving habitat, government officials should also take measures to decrease human activity in areas used by foraging Black-necked Cranes.  相似文献   

12.
李斌  马武昌  陈建荣  薛伟  张可  栾晓峰 《四川动物》2012,31(5):834-840,847
采用样线法对韶赣高速公路(粤境段)路域生态系统中的鸟类进行了连续一年的调查,并同施工前的鸟类调查结果进行了对比分析,研究了该路段高速公路施工对鸟类群落的影响并提出了相应保护措施.鸟类是环境健康评价的良好指示物种,研究结果有助于加强高速公路建设过程中生物多样性的保护.研究结果显示:(1)本次调查共记录到鸟类10目28科55种,其中繁殖鸟45种(81.8%),非繁殖鸟10种(18.2%),具有保护价值的鸟类13种(23.64%),国家一级保护动物1种,黄腹角雉Tragopan caboti;(2)研究区域鸟类群落结构季节变化明显,雨季优于旱季,未受到高速公路施工的显著影响;(3)研究区域鸟类表现出明显的回避作用,主要原因为栖息地破坏,且单一生境类型和食性的鸟类的回避作用更显著;(4)鸟类在受到回避作用从影响区域迁出后,造成了生态位空缺,为适应性更强的鸟类进入该生境创造了条件.基于上述结论对路域生态系统鸟类保护提出以下建议:1)在道路施工期和运营期应尽快开展鸟类生境恢复和招引工作;2)尽可能减少高速公路施工占地面积,并避开鸟类生存敏感区;3)合理安排施工作业时间和工程进度,避免在鸟类繁殖季节进行高强度作业;4)应长期开展鸟类动态监测研究.  相似文献   

13.
贵州草海湿地是世界上最大的黑颈鹤东部种群越冬地之一。黑颈鹤在草海越冬期极其依赖农耕地觅食存活,但当地人鸟争地冲突严重、觅食地萎缩加剧。为此,运用空间点格局分析及缓冲区叠加分析,探究黑颈鹤觅食地与农耕地空间关联性,并精确确定出重点保护管理区域,结果表明:1)研究期间,两年共在草海湿地周边农地确定黑颈鹤觅食点216处,其中家庭鹤觅食地99处、集群鹤觅食地117处,越冬种群中83%的个体依赖农耕区觅食;2)区域尺度上,家庭鹤与集群鹤的觅食点分布均为聚集分布,但集群鹤觅食点聚集程度较家庭鹤更高;觅食地与农耕地在空间聚类上呈正相关关系,并在3.2 km距离尺度下聚类程度最高;3)基于空间关联性,通过缓冲区叠加分析,共确定最适宜的农地觅食地53.74 km2,并划定2处重点核心保护区域及2处次重核心保护区域范围。研究结果对于揭示区域尺度上黑颈鹤觅食地与农耕地空间关系,指导保护管理者加强重点区域管理,以及对区域土地利用规划和缓解人鸟争地矛盾,具有重要的理论与实践意义。  相似文献   

14.
《Acta Oecologica》1999,20(1):1-13
We have investigated the effects of landscape traversed and roadside structure on the use of highway verges by birds. Three contrasted landscapes were chosen in terms of human land use and vegetation structure: an intensive farmland, a pine plantation, and a matoral. The roadside sections varied in vegetation structure, width and profile. We recorded birds present in roadsides and adjacent habitats by transect counts over all seasons. Roadside bird species appeared for a great part similar to those of adjacent habitats. However, diversity and abundance in verges did not depend on that of adjacent habitats. Woody roadsides were comparable to hedges, as trees (and shrubs) in verges enhanced species richness and abundance of birds in the farmland and woodland sites. Width and profile of verges had less influence. In all sites, typical species of the habitat traversed partly avoided roadsides. On the contrary, numerous species associated with ‘rare’ habitats in one site preferred roadsides, provided that verge vegetation contrasted with the dominant habitat. It is concluded that birds responses to highways can vary greatly with landscape traversed and verge vegetation. Highway verges could be favorable to birds, if they constitute a complementary habitat to the dominant habitat within a landscape.  相似文献   

15.
道路是森林景观内边缘生境的重要成因之一,确定道路对路域植物和土壤的影响范围是整合道路影响和生态过程的核心问题。以长白山自然保护区两条6 m~8 m宽的利用程度不同的公路周围次生白桦林为对象,研究了道路周围108 m内植被的多样性动态,及大气温度和土壤理化性质。结果表明:(1)利用程度不同的道路对其影响域内林内气温、土壤表层温度、土壤含水量、土壤pH等环境因子,都呈现一定的边缘正效应,且利用程度高道路的影响距离较利用程度低的道路远12 m~24 m。(2)道路边缘0 m~20 m内乔木层的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数均明显高于林内。(3)公路利用程度越高,从路旁林缘到林内草本植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的变化幅度越大,草本植物多样性的变化距离为12 m~24 m,路旁草本植物的丰富度比林内大7~11。  相似文献   

16.
Water level and water surface area fluctuations are important factors determining abundance of bird populations and bird assemblages structure in a wetland habitat. The water level and water surface area of the Marsh T?m?rd (West Hungary) changed drastically between 1998 and 2008, and the marsh dried out because of scarce rainfall in 2000 and 2001. A habitat restoration in winter 2001 repaired the waterholding capacity of the marsh. We analyzed changes in parameters of bird assemblages in investigated wetland area in relation of environmental factors. We used full redundancy analysis (RDA) on number of caugth migratory birds per year, species richness, diversity and evenness of bird assemblages to examine correlations among water level, water surface area and vegetation core. Species like water rail, common snipe, river warbler, Savi’s warbler, great reed warbler, reed warbler, marsh warbler, sedge warbler, reed bunting showed high and positive linear correlations with the water level and water surface area in the postbreeding period. Some wetland species, sedge warbler, Savi’s warbler and reed bunting as well as total number of caugth birds per year and total numbers of caugth species per year were clearly associated with thick marsh vegetation. According to our results the bird species composition of the wetland might have returned to the prerestoration levels and surface areas.  相似文献   

17.
Avian Use of Wetlands in Reclaimed Minelands in Southwestern Indiana   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
We studied the use of mineland wetlands by birds and the relationship between avian communities and wetland characteristics. Data were collected from 20 wetlands in Pike County, Indiana, and included wetland size, depth, water conductivity and salinity, aquatic macroinvertebrate abundance, vegetation, and bird use. Principal component analysis showed that physical variables could be explained by two principal component scores and that wetlands could be grouped on the basis of size and conductivity. Principal component analysis could not reduce vegetation variables to fewer principal component scores, meaning that wetland vegetation characteristics were independent of one another and did not show any trend. Most wetlands had low invertebrate density, and wetlands with higher invertebrate density had low invertebrate diversity. Wetlands with similar habitat characteristics (physical, vegetative, and invertebrate) did not necessarily show similarities in bird assemblages. Bird similarity index values ranged from 0 to 59%, implying that each wetland has its own bird community. Stepwise multiple regression analysis (α= 0.05) relating bird use and habitat characteristics showed that bird species richness increased with the species richness of submergent vegetation and was correlated negatively with the species richness of emergent vegetation. There was no significant relationship between bird species richness or bird species diversity and wetland size. The number of species within different avian guilds correlated with different habitat characteristics. The species richness of submergent plants was a factor that correlated positively with the number of species of several guilds (dabblers, wading birds, and plunge divers). Wetland age was not a factor that determined bird use.  相似文献   

18.
利用卫星跟踪对出生于甘肃盐池湾国家级自然保护区(以下简称盐池湾)内的黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)幼鸟在越冬地撞击电线死亡的现象以及可能造成的影响进行研究.2018和2019年两年的7和8月在盐池湾内为16只黑颈鹤幼鸟安装卫星跟踪器.之后每日在Tracker Client软件中对黑颈鹤幼鸟的行动进行实时监测...  相似文献   

19.
Although it is clear that the farmlands neighbouring fragmented forests are utilized by some forest birds, it is not clear how birds in general respond to farmland habitat mosaic. An effort was made to determine how bird density and foraging assemblages were influenced by farm structural characteristics and distance from forest edge. Thirty farms up to a distance of 12 km around Kakamega forest in western Kenya were studied. Farm structure entailed size, hedge volume, habitat heterogeneity, woody plant density, plant diversity and crop cover. Birds were surveyed using line transects and DISTANCE analyses and classified into six feeding guilds and three habitat associations. Size of farms increased away from the forest, as woody plant density, plant diversity, indigenous trees and subsistence crop cover declined. The most important farm structure variable was hedge volume, which enhanced bird species richness, richness of shrub‐land bird species and insectivorous bird density (R = 0.58, P < 0.01). Bird density increased with tree density while indigenous trees were suitable for insectivores and nectarivores. There were very few forest bird encounters. Agricultural practices incorporating maintenance of hedges and sound selection of agroforestry trees can enhance conservation of birds on farmland, though, not significantly for forest species.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号