松辽盆地晚白垩世介形类古生态学

通过化石组合和岩性指标分析松辽盆地上白垩统自下而上青山口组—姚家组—嫩江组一段介形类的古生态学。青山口组盐度具有偏咸性、微咸性到半咸性的变化,32个介形类种以栖居于温暖湿润气候带的浅湖微咸水类型占绝对优势,水体清澈安静,有机质丰富,底质为泥等细粒沉积物(个别的为粉砂沉积物),宜于介形类动物群生长且有利于壳体完好保存;其次为生活于半咸水的深湖—半深湖类型,底质为泥。姚家组—嫩江组一段见23个介形类种,栖居于温暖半湿润气候带,以半咸水的深湖、半深湖—浅湖区的类型为主,多泥底,偶见粉砂质底;其次为微咸水的浅湖—三角洲前缘型,泥或粉砂质底;仅3个种生活于温暖湿润的粉砂质底淡水浅湖区。温暖湿润的淡水三角洲分流平原带则难以产出介形类化石。     

古生代介形类的研究现状及展望北大核心CSCD

介形类动物从奥陶纪早期开始出现,一直繁盛至今;它们广布于海洋、河流、湖泊、池塘,甚至陆上森林地区。个体微小(0.15—2mm)的介形类动物已有两百多年的研究历史(1776—),并可大致分为三个阶段:萌芽起步阶段(1776—1960)、全面发展阶段(1961—2000)和集成创新阶段(2001—)。介形类是古生代重要的海洋生物门类之一,尤以泥盆纪最为繁盛,在生物地层、生物古地理和古生态等方面应用广泛;其古生态组合可分为三类:丽足介大型组合(Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage)、图灵根大型组合(Thuringian Mega-Assemblage)和艾菲尔大型组合(Eifelian Mega-Assemblage)。古生代介形类在几次生物灭绝事件(如泥盆纪晚期、泥盆纪-石炭纪之交,二叠纪末期生物大灭绝事件)中有明显的反应。本文系统回顾了介形类研究的发展历史及取得的主要成就,指出在古生代介形类研究过程中存在的主要问题,并对未来古生代介形类研究的方向进行了展望。     

古生代介形类的研究现状及展望

介形类动物从奥陶纪早期开始出现,一直繁盛至今;它们广布于海洋、河流、湖泊、池塘,甚至陆上森林地区。个体微小(0.15—2mm)的介形类动物已有两百多年的研究历史(1776—),并可大致分为三个阶段:萌芽起步阶段(1776—1960)、全面发展阶段(1961—2000)和集成创新阶段(2001—)。介形类是古生代重要的海洋生物门类之一,尤以泥盆纪最为繁盛,在生物地层、生物古地理和古生态等方面应用广泛;其古生态组合可分为三类:丽足介大型组合(Myodocopid Mega-Assemblage)、图灵根大型组合(Thuringian Mega-Assemblage)和艾菲尔大型组合(Eifelian Mega-Assemblage)。古生代介形类在几次生物灭绝事件(如泥盆纪晚期、泥盆纪-石炭纪之交,二叠纪末期生物大灭绝事件)中有明显的反应。本文系统回顾了介形类研究的发展历史及取得的主要成就,指出在古生代介形类研究过程中存在的主要问题,并对未来古生代介形类研究的方向进行了展望。     

西藏现代湖泊表层沉积物中的介形类

我国西藏现生介形类过去研究不多,1973年蒋燮治、陈受忠发表了珠穆朗玛峰地区聂拉木县嘎罗维金玛湖和绒布寺前河边小溪浮游生物水样中的介形类,计有:Cypris pubera Mülle, C. subglobosa Sowerby, Gandona caudata Kaufmann和Eucypris sp.。 本文描述的介形类均从西藏现代湖泊表层沉积物样品中分析出来,只获得壳瓣。样     

渤海晚冰期以来环境变化的化石介形类证据

对渤海中央盆地Ｂ９２－３孔（芯长４２０ｃｍ）、Ｂ９２－１孔（芯长４２０ｃｍ）以及莱州湾Ｂ９２－２孔（芯长３３０ｃｍ）柱状样进行了介形类属种、丰度和分异度分析,并将Ｂ９２－３孔和Ｂ９２－１孔的介形类划分出６个组合带。根据渤、黄海地区不同沉积环境中现代介形类的分布,将剖面中的介形类分成滨岸－河口区的Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｉｄｅａ组合和近岸区的Ｍｕｎｓｅｙｅｌｌａ组合。按照地层１４Ｃ年代以及剖面中Ｓｉｎｏｃｙｔｈｅｒｉｄｅａ组合分子和Ｍｕｎｓｅｙｅｌｌａ组合分子的相对丰度变化,讨论了渤海晚冰期后期以来的古环境演化历史：晚冰期为河流、湖沼环境;大约１００００ａＢ．Ｐ．开始海侵,早全新世属滨岸－河口沉积;８７００ａＢ．Ｐ．前后开始水深加大,盐度提高;２４００ａＢＰ以后水深逐渐降低。     

渤海晚冰期以来环境变化的化石形类证据

对渤海中央盆地Ｂ９２－３孔以及莱州湾Ｂ９２－２孔柱状样进行了介形类属种、丰度和分异度分析,并半Ｂ９２－３孔和Ｂ９２－１孔的介一菜类划分出６个组合带。根据渤、黄海地区不同沉积环境中现代介形类的分布,将剖面中的介形类分成滨岸－河口区的Ｓinocytheridea组合和近岸区的Munseyell组合.     

西藏聂拉木晚奥陶世的介形类

文中首次报道西藏聂拉木地区亚来水厂剖面上奥陶统甲曲组介形类16属30种,介形类以古足介目类和圆足介目类为主,少量速足介目类。根据该剖面介形类时代特征,可以推断甲曲组应属于晚奥陶世早期,大致为Sandbian期—Katian期。该介形类生态组合为艾菲尔生态型,指示甲曲组在沉积时为近岸浅水环境。晚奥陶世喜马拉雅地层区与华南扬子区及塔里木介形类面貌相似,应属于相同的生物地理分区。     

松辽盆地三肇地区泉头组三段上部介形类化石的指相意义

松辽盆地三肇地区白垩系下统泉头组三段上部(杨三组—杨一组)以大套的紫红、红色砂、泥岩沉积为主,在紫红色泥岩中含有较丰富、完整的介形类及其它门类化石。以往认为,这套以红色为基调的地层属河流相沉积。对其中介形类等化石的古生态、埋藏特征及丰度变化的研究表明,该地层的沉积环境应为浅水湖泊环境,而非河流等水上环境。湖相沉积自杨三组就已存在,向上分布范围不断扩大,反映了湖泊水域面积呈现逐渐扩大的趋势。     

阿拉斯加北端海岸带的现代介形类与环境

本文主要对北极阿拉斯加巴罗地区海岸带中的现代介形类动物群特征及其生态环境进行了探讨,其中在盐度为0.157－4.41 g/l的河口和近河口段的河流沉积中发现Elofsonia susitnensis Forester et Brouwers和Cytheromorpha knikensis Forester et Brouwers的活体。据报道,这两种介形类活体过去见于59°－61°N、盐度为1.112－32.5 g/l的阿拉斯加湾及其沿岸带,在白令海、波弗特海未见及。作者在纬度更北、盐度更低的水域发现它们,这对北极介形类动物群研究以及控制介形类分布的环境参数的研究都提供了新认识。同时根据介形类分布特征,划分出4个介形类生态组合。     

青藏高原若尔盖盆地更新世介形类瘤饰探讨

RM孔位于青藏高原东部边缘若尔盖盆地内,孔深310.46m,埋深底界为90万年,取芯率90%,是迄今青藏高原最深的全取芯井,也是青藏高原介形类分析最详细的深井.由此井沉积物分析获得各层段的介形类组合,具分异度低,但丰度高的特点.笔者在上世纪90年代中期,对RM孔介形类做了初步研究.本文选择了RM孔中较具代表意义的非海相...     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.