The Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging in the Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Lesions: A Meta-Analysis

Objectives

The ability of contrast-enhanced MRI to distinguish between malignant and benign ovarian masses is limited. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic performance of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in differentiating malignant from benign ovarian masses.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was performed in several authoritative databases to identify relevant articles. The weighted mean difference (WMD) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated. We also used subgroup analysis to analyze study heterogeneity, and evaluated publication bias.

Results

The meta-analysis is based on 21 studies, which reported the findings for 731 malignant and 918 benign ovarian masses. There was no significant difference in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values for DWI between benign and malignant lesions (WMD = 0.22, 95% CI = -0.02–0.47, p = 0.08). Subgroup analysis by benign tumor type revealed higher ADC values (or a trend toward higher values) for cysts, cystadenomas and other benign tumors compared to malignant masses (cyst: WMD = 0.54, 95% CI = -0.05–1.12, p = 0.07; cystadenoma: WMD = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.38–1.07, p < 0.0001; other benign tumor: WMD = 0.16, 95% CI = -0.13–0.46, p = 0.28). On the other hand, lower ADC values (or a trend toward lower values) were observed for endometrioma and teratoma compared to malignant masses (endometrioma: WMD = -0.09, 95% CI = -0.47–0.29, p = 0.64; teratoma: WMD = -0.49, 95% CI = -0.85–0.12, p = 0.009). Subgroup analysis by mass property revealed higher ADC values in cystic tumor types than in solid types for both benign and malignant tumors. Significant study heterogeneity was observed. There was no notable publication bias.

Conclusions

Quantitative DWI is not a reliable diagnostic method for differentiation between benign and malignant ovarian masses. This knowledge is essential in avoiding misdiagnosis of ovarian masses.     

The Clinical Significance of Real-Time Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in the Differential Diagnosis of Breast Tumor

The objective of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in the differential diagnosis of breast tumor. Fifty-seven breast tumor patients with 63 lesions were studied. Among the lesions, 34 are malignant and 29 are benign. A Philips iU-22 ultrasound scanner with L12-5 probe was used. Bolus SonoVue was injected via antecubital vein. Dynamic imaging was stored and analyzed with QLAB software. Parameters including initial time of perfusion (ITP), time to peak (TTP), peak intensity (PI), the enhancement pattern and the wash out pattern (WP) of contrast agent were observed. Results showed that about 85.3% of the malignant lesions showed heterogeneous enhancement and 79.3% of the benign ones showed homogeneous enhancement. The persistence time of the contrast agents was clearly longer inside the malignant lesion than inside the benign ones. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in the value as ITP and TTP between the malignant and the benign lesions, while the PI value of the malignant lesions was significantly higher than the benign lesions. This study suggested that real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography is helpful to the differential diagnosis of breast tumors; however, the WP of the contrast agent inside the lesion also seems to be an important factor.     

The Contribution of Qualitative CEUS to the Determination of Malignancy in Adnexal Masses,Indeterminate on Conventional US – A Multicenter Study

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of qualitative analysis of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in discrimination of adnexal masses which were undetermined by conventional ultrasound (US). A total of 120 patients underwent transabdominal CEUS. The initial enhancement time and intensity compared with the uterine myometrium, contrast agent distribution patterns and dynamic changes of enhancement were assessed. The sensitivity (Sen), specificity (Spe), positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy (ACC) and Youden’s index were calculated for contrast variables. The gold standard was the histological diagnosis. There were 48 malignant tumors and 72 benign tumors. The enhancement features of malignant masses were different from benign ones. Earlier or simultaneous enhancement with inhomogeneous enhancement yielded the highest capability in differential diagnosis, and Sen, Spe, PPV, NPV, ACC, Youden’s index was 89.6%, 97.2%, 93.2%, 95.6%, 93.3%, and 0.88, respectively. The qualitative evaluation of CEUS is useful in the differential diagnosis of adnexal masses where conventional US is indeterminate.     

超声造影技术联合血清CA12-5、CEA、HE-4检查诊断卵巢良恶性肿瘤的临床价值研究

摘要 目的：研究超声造影技术联合血清糖类抗原125（CA12-5）、癌胚抗原（CEA）及人附睾分泌蛋白4（HE-4）检查诊断卵巢良恶性肿瘤的临床价值。方法：将我院从2019年1月～2020年3月收治的83例卵巢肿瘤患者纳入研究。将其按照病理学诊断结果分成恶性组40例与良性组43例,按照是否发生淋巴结转移将恶性组分为转移亚组18例和未转移亚组22例。比较恶性组和良性组各项超声造影指标水平和血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4水平,比较转移亚组和未转移亚组血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4水平。通过受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析超声造影技术联合血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4在卵巢良恶性肿瘤中的诊断能效。分析血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4与卵巢恶性肿瘤患者淋巴结转移的关系。结果：恶性组超声造影增强强度及增强速率均高于良性组,而增强时间短于良性组（P＜0.05）。恶性组血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4水平均高于良性组（P＜0.05）。超声造影技术联合血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4诊断卵巢肿瘤良恶性的曲线下面积、灵敏度及特异度分别为0.947、0.96、0.93,高于超声造影技术单独检测或血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4联合检测。转移亚组患者的血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4水平均高于未转移亚组患者（P＜0.05）。结论：超声造影技术联合血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4检查诊断卵巢良恶性肿瘤的价值较高,且联合检测血清CA12-5、CEA及HE-4水平有助于判断淋巴结转移情况,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

兔VX2肺外周肿瘤超声造影特征与CD31和CD34微血管密度的相关性研究

摘要 目的：探讨兔VX2肺外周肿瘤超声造影特征与CD31和CD34微血管密度的相关性研究。方法：15只雌性新西兰白兔进行VX2 肺肿瘤模型，总共有30个VX2 癌植入15只兔子的肺中。通过高倍镜分析不同期VX2肿瘤的MVD。通过双重免疫荧光化学染色分析不同生长期VX2肿瘤Ki67和CD31阳性表达。分析肿瘤形态学组织病理学结果与微血管分布和CEUS结果之间的相关性。结果：随着生长周期的进展，VX2肿瘤的MVD增大（P<0.05）。随着生长周期的进展，VX2肿瘤内Ki67和CD31的阳性表达率增加（P<0.05）。CEUS显示VX2 肿瘤在早期动脉期有明显的外周增强和短暂的内部增强。肺外周VX2 肿瘤中 PI和CD31 MVD值之间呈显著正相关性（r=0.734，P<0.05）。CD31 MVD和CD34 MVD之间呈负相关（r=-0.691，P<0.05）。PI和CD34 MVD值之间不存在显著相关性（r=-0.412，P>0.05）。结论：与CD34 MVD 相比，CD31 MVD 可以更有效地评估肿瘤血管生成。CEUS作为一种无创成像方法，可以有效评估兔周围型肺癌的肿瘤血管生成情况。     

卵巢上皮肿瘤淋巴转移与血管内皮生长因子C的表达

The aim of the present study was to explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) in the process of angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic metastasis in epithelial ovarian tumors. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical staining for VEGF-C were performed in 30 epithelial ovarian carcinomas, 9 borderline tumors and 26 benign cystadenomas. Endothelial cells were immunostained with anti-VEGFR-3 pAb and anti-CD31 mAb, and VEGFR-3 positive vessels and microvessel density (MVD) were assessed by image analysis. VEGF-C mRNA and protein expression in ovarian epithelial carcinomas were significantly higher than that in borderline tumors and benign cystadenomas (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). In ovarian epithelial carcinomas, VEGF-C protein expression, VEGFR-3 positive vessels and MVD were significantly higher in the cases of clinical stage III-IV and with lymphatic metastasis than those of clinical stage I-II and without lymphatic metastasis respectively (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01), VEGFR-3 positive vessels and MVD was significantly higher in the VEGF-C protein positive tumors than negative tumors (p < 0.05), VEGFR-3 positive vessels was significantly correlated with MVD(p < 0.01). These data suggest that VEGF-C might play a role in lymphatic metastasis via lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis in epithelial ovarian carcinomas, and VEGF-C could be used as a biologic marker of metastasis in ovarian epithelial carcinomas.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声联合lncRNA CCAT1在上皮性卵巢癌诊断中的临床价值

摘要 目的：探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声联合血清长链非编码 RNA （lncRNA）结直肠相关转录本1（CCAT1）对上皮性卵巢癌的临床诊断价值。方法：以2020年5月至2022年5月本院收治的88例上皮卵巢肿瘤患者为研究对象,依据病理检查结果分为良性组（n=49）和恶性组（n=39）。对所有研究对象进行经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查及lncRNA CCAT1检测。采用受试者特征工作曲线（ROC）评价彩色多普勒超声参数联合血清lncRNA CCAT1对上皮性卵巢癌及其恶性程度的评估价值。结果：恶性组的阻力指数（RI）、搏动指数（PI）低于良性组,收缩期峰值血流速度（PSV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV）及血清lncRNA CCAT1水平均高于良性组（P<0.05）;恶性组中Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者的RI、PI低于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,PSV、EDV及血清lncRNA CCAT1水平高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者（P<0.05）。ROC分析结果显示,RI、PI、PSV、EDV及lncRNA CCAT1联合评价上皮性卵巢癌的曲线下面积（AUC）为0.977,联合评估效能均优于各指标单独评估;同时RI、PI、PSV、EDV及lncRNA CCAT1联合评价上皮性卵巢癌恶性程度的AUC为0.979,联合评估效能均优于各指标单独评估。结论：经阴道彩色多普勒超声联合血清lncRNA CCAT1检测对上皮性卵巢癌及其恶性程度均具有一定的评估价值,且各参数联合lncRNA CCAT1评估效能更佳。     

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Differential Diagnosis of Benign and Malignant Ovarian Tumors

Objective

To evaluate the accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors.

Methods

The scientific literature databases PubMed, Cochrane Library and CNKI were comprehensively searched for studies relevant to the use of CEUS technique for differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian cancer. Pooled summary statistics for specificity (Spe), sensitivity (Sen), positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR⁺/LR⁻), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and their 95%CIs were calculated. Software for statistical analysis included STATA version 12.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA) and Meta-Disc version 1.4 (Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain).

Results

Following a stringent selection process, seven high quality clinical trials were found suitable for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The 7 studies contained a combined total of 375 ovarian cancer patients (198 malignant and 177 benign). Statistical analysis revealed that CEUS was associated with the following performance measures in differential diagnosis of ovarian tumors: pooled Sen was 0.96 (95%CI = 0.92∼0.98); the summary Spe was 0.91 (95%CI = 0.86∼0.94); the pooled LR⁺ was 10.63 (95%CI = 6.59∼17.17); the pooled LR− was 0.04 (95%CI = 0.02∼0.09); and the pooled DOR was 241.04 (95% CI = 92.61∼627.37). The area under the SROC curve was 0.98 (95% CI = 0.20∼1.00). Lastly, publication bias was not detected (t = −0.52, P = 0.626) in the meta-analysis.

Conclusions

Our results revealed the high clinical value of CEUS in differential diagnosis of benign and malignant ovarian tumors. Further, CEUS may also prove to be useful in differential diagnosis at early stages of this disease.     

腹壁肿瘤及瘤样病变的CT 诊断（附44 例报道）

目的:分析腹壁肿瘤及瘤样病变的CT表现,旨在提高医师对腹壁肿瘤及瘤样病变的认识,并评价CT在腹壁肿瘤诊断及鉴别诊断中的价值。方法:回顾性分析44例经病理证实的腹壁肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的CT表现,并与病理结果对照。结果:(1)CT扫描对腹壁肿瘤及瘤样病变的定位诊断率达到100%(44/44),定性诊断率约84.1%(37/44)。(2)良恶性病变在边界清晰与否、大小等方面并没有差异,边界不清的29例病例中,14例为良性,15例为恶性。(3)腹壁病变呈较高密度影者均为良性(7/7),血管源性多见。(4)血管瘤、纤维肉瘤、韧带样纤维瘤亦为渐进性强化,腹壁脓肿、结核为环状强化,转移瘤为不均匀强化。结论:CT是目前诊断腹壁肿瘤及肿瘤样病变的主要手段,能较准确定位病变,但对病变定性仍有一定的困难,最终需要病理证实。     

Detection of vascularity in wrist tenosynovitis: power doppler ultrasound compared with contrast-enhanced grey-scale ultrasound

Introduction  

We sought to assess vascularity in wrist tenosynovitis by using power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) and to compare detection of intra- and peritendinous vascularity with that of contrast-enhanced grey-scale ultrasound (CEUS).     

Clinicopathological study of metallothionein immunohistochemical expression, in benign, borderline and malignant ovarian epithelial tumors

Metallothioneins (MTs) are a family of cystein-rich metal-binding proteins, which are expressed in normal cells during fetal and postnatal life but also in a variety of human neoplasms. MT expression in human tumors has been linked to resistance to anticancer drugs and differentiation and progression in some types of tumors. This study examined the immunohistochemical expression of MTs in benign, borderline and malignant tumors of ovarian surface epithelium and the possible correlations with clinicopathological parameters and survival. A total of 87 cases with diagnosis of ovarian surface epithelial tumors were included. Specifically, 21 cases of benign cystadenomas (11 serous and 10 mucinous), 14 borderline (low malignant potential tumors, 8 mucinous and 6 serous) and 52 cases of ovarian cancer were analysed. Immunohistochemical expression of MT (cut-off level > 10% of tumor cells) was clearly associated with malignancy. A statistically significant correlation was found between the expression of MT in cancer cases and benign tumors (p < 0.0001) and cancer cases and borderline tumors p = 0.003. In cancer cases a difference was observed between grade I and III (p = 0.002). There was no correlation of MT overexpression with survival in the small number of ovarian carcinoma patients where it was analysed. MT constitutes a marker that characterizes aggressiveness and a high malignant potential in ovarian epithelial tumors. In diagnostic problems MT may help distinguish between benign, borderline and malignant tumors.     

Measuring microvascular density in tumors by digital dissection

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a digital dissection techniquefor measuring the cross-sectional area of blood vessels in histologic sections of tumors routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin. STUDY DESIGN: The procedure was first validated in four experimental tumors in rats by comparing the results of the digital dissection technique to functional estimates of the blood volume in the tumors as measured by dynamic, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. The method was then tested on a variety of experimental and human tumors. RESULTS: The digital dissection technique yielded results that exactly matched the functional measurements of blood volume infour experimental tumors. Digital dissection of 40 additional tumors in rats showed that 21 infiltrating ductal carcinomas had significantly greater microvascular density (MVD) than 19 benign fibroadenomas (12% vs. 7.9%, P=.028 by two-tailed t test). In 10 human breast carcinomas the MVD was consistently greater than the measurement of blood vessel density as identified by immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII. The between-run coefficients of variation for the MVD assay were 12% (n = 5) for a human breast cancer and 18% (n = 5)for an experimental rat tumor. CONCLUSION: The digital dissection technique is a reproducible, objective and accurate method of measuring MVD in sections of tumors that are routinely stained with hematoxylin and eosin.     

卵巢良恶性肿瘤的超声征象及其与卵巢癌临床分期、病理分级的相关性分析

摘要 目的：探讨卵巢肿瘤良恶性病变的超声征象及其与卵巢癌临床分期、病理分级的相关性。方法：选取我院2020年8月到2023年8月收治的148例卵巢肿瘤患者进行回顾性分析,以手术病理及病理活检作为诊断金标准,将60例确诊为卵巢癌的患者纳入恶性组,将88例确诊为卵巢良性肿瘤的患者纳入良性组。对所有患者进行超声检查,分析其超声图像特征。随后分析60例卵巢癌患者不同临床分期和病理分级患者的超声诊断参数情况,并分析超声诊断相关参数与卵巢临床分期、病理分级的相关性。结果：超声对卵巢肿瘤良性诊断准确率为86.36 %（76/88）对恶性肿瘤诊断率为88.64 %（78/88）;不同临床分期患者RI、PI、EDV、PSV对比差异显著,Ⅰ期患者RI、PI为（0.77±0.14）和（1.67±0.24）高于Ⅱ期（0.64±0.15）和（1.25±0.16）、Ⅲ期患者（0.52±0.17）和（0.96±0.16）、Ⅳ期（0.41±0.12）和（0.76±0.12）,Ⅰ期患者EDV和PSV（8.63±1.27）cm/s和（16.53±2.53）cm/s低于Ⅱ期（10.25±1.68）cm/s和（18.44±1.58）cm/s、Ⅲ期（12.73±1.79）cm/s和（20.14±2.25）cm/s、Ⅳ期患者（15.51±1.12）cm/s和（23.06±1.98）cm/s（P＜0.05）;不同临床分期患者RI、PI、EDV、PSV对比差异显著,Ⅰ级患者RI、PI为（0.81±0.16）和（1.62±0.19）高于Ⅱ级（0.65±0.12）和（0.91±0.22）、Ⅲ级患者（0.47±0.17）和（0.67±0.13）,Ⅰ级患者EDV和PSV（8.32±1.51）cm/s和（15.12±3.33）cm/s低于Ⅱ级（12.75.±1.14）cm/s和（21.31±3.14）cm/s、Ⅲ级患者（15.35±1.79）cm/s和（24.08±2.04）cm/s（P＜0.05）;Spearman相关分析结果表明：临床分期、病理分级与RI、PI呈负相关,与EDV、PSV呈正相关（P＜0.05）。结论：超声对卵巢肿瘤的良恶性病变诊断具有重要指导价值,且与卵巢癌的临床分期、病理分级具有明显相关性,值得临床应用推广。     

超声多技术联合在良恶性甲状腺结节鉴别诊断中的应用价值

摘要 目的：分析超声剪切波弹性成像（SWE）、超声造影（CEUS）、声触诊组织成像及定量（VTIQ）、促甲状腺激素（TSH）多技术联合在甲状腺结节良恶性鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法：选取宁德市医院甲状腺不确定性质结节患者120例,以病理结果为金标准将其分为良性组和恶性组,分析两组SWE、CEUS、VTIQ各影像参数及术前TSH水平差异,绘制受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）评估上述技术联合对甲状腺结节良恶性的鉴别诊断价值。结果：120例患者共检出128个结节,其中良性47个,恶性81个;恶性组SWE中弹性模量值（Emax、Emin、Emean）均大于良性组（P＜0.01）;恶性组、良性组在CEUS中强化差异有显著性（P＜0.05）;VTIQ中恶性组剪切波速度（SWV）最大值、最小值、平均值均大于良性组（P＜0.01）;恶性组患者术前TSH水平高于良性组（P＜0.01）;ROC曲线分析显示,SWE、CEUS、VTIQ、TSH联合检测诊断甲状腺结节良恶性的效能最高,其灵敏度、特异度、准确度、曲线下面积（AUC）分别为85.19%、89.36%、86.72%、0.873。结论：SWE、CEUS、VTIQ、TSH联合对区分甲状腺结节良恶性有较高价值。     

Prediction of ovarian tumor malignancy

Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of mortality among gynecological cancers. The aim of the study was to form the decision rules for distinguishing benign from malignant ovary lesions. The research was conducted on 201 women with ovary tumor. Commonly used specific markers for ovarian cancer (biochemical marker Ca 125, ultrasound and vascular markers) were used. The significant difference in the presence of an ultrasound and vascular markers between benign and malignant ovary changes along with the significantly different level of Ca 125 is confirmed. To a specific marker certain score number was appointed and the scoring system was formed. The incidence of benign/malignant ovary changes was observed in the researched group regarding anthropometric parameters (age, marital and menopausal status and number of deliveries). There is also significant difference in the incidence of benign/malignant ovary tumor regarding these parameters. Based on combination of the scoring system and anthropometric parameters the decision rules for distinguishing benign from malignant ovary tumors were formed. The logistic regression method was used. We proved that this method has higher accuracy in prediction of malignancy in women with ovary tumors than using morphological, Doppler or anthropometric parameters separately.     

The usefulness of contrast-enhanced sonography in the differential diagnostic of adrenal tumors

INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of gland tumors causes significant clinical problem. Non hormone-secreting tumors provide the most complicated diagnostic difficulties. The application of contrast-enhanced sonography could improve the vessels visualization and point out characteristic features of benign and malignant changes. The authors believe that this new method make possible the differential adrenal tumor diagnostic process more precise and increase the specificity of ultrasonography in the recognition of benign and malignant tumors. The aim of this study was to define the usefulness of contrasting agent Levovist in differential diagnostics of adrenal tumors and its influence on sensitivity and specificity of ultrasound examination and to establish patients qualification criteria for surgical procedures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Ultrasound examinations were made with the use of digital devise by GE Voluson 740, probe 4-6 mHz with Doppler options and volumetric probe 3D according to the following protocol: 26 patients with recognized adrenal tumor were qualified for the examination. Patients in the first stage of tumor vascularization had Doppler examination with color (CD) and power Doppler (PD). Three-dimensional ultrasonography was used to improve visualization of vascularization. In the final phase of the examination the patients were administrated of Levovist in the recommended by the producer dose: 2.5 g in the concentration of 400 mg/l. RESULTS: 26 cases of adrenal gland tumours were subjected to analysis. In standard ultrasonographic examination focal changes in 25 patients were hipoechogenic focuses and in one case the focus was hyperechogenic. Heterogeneity of focuses was observed in 16 cases. In Doppler examination with color (CD) and power Doppler (PD) vascular blood flow was revealed within 12. After using contrasting agent Levovist vascular blood flow was achieved in 4 additional cases, which constituted 61%. CONCLUSIONS: 1. 3D ultrasound could be useful in cases of big adrenal tumors--over 3 cm diameter after application of ultrasound contrast agents. 2. The use of Levovist in Doppler examination improves the visualization of tumor vascularization. However, it is impossible to differentiate benign from malignant tumors unequivocally.     

Proliferative activity as detected by immunostaining with Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in benign and malignant epithelial lesions of the human parotid gland

OBJECTIVE: A retrospective immunohistochemical study of parotid gland lesions was designed to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic value of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and Ki-67 with monoclonal antibodies PC 10 and MIB-1, respectively. STUDY DESIGN: Tissue samples comprised normal parotid gland (N, n = 10), chronic sialadenitis (CS, n = 8), Warthin's tumor (W, n = 10), benign pleomorphic adenoma (BPA, n = 8), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC, n = 13), carcinoma in pleomorphic adenoma (CPA, n = 8) and adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC, n = 12). The morphometric parameters for PCNA and MIB-1 comprised the PI and MI labelling indices (the numerical percentage of positive nuclei), NAP and NAM (the numerical density of positive nuclei), and NPI and NMI (volume corrected index). RESULTS: The values of MIB-1 parameters increased progressively in benign lesions in comparison with the N group and in malignant neoplasms in comparison with nonneoplastic groups and benign lesions. Values for all parameters in BPA were significantly lower than those in malignant groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed a highly positive correlation between the morphometric parameters and severity of the lesions. The mean values of MI and NMI were significantly higher in patients who died of the malignant tumors than in those who survived. The same quantitative parameters for PCNA did not differ significantly from those obtained for MIB-1 and showed similar trends. CONCLUSION: PCNA and MIB-1 indices are reliable markers for discriminating between benign and malignant tumors of the parotid gland, and the parameters PI, MI, NPI and NMI may have prognostic applications.     

HE4、ALDH1、CD44在卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的检测效能观察

摘要 目的：观察人附睾蛋白4（HE4）、乙醛脱氢酶1（ALDH1）、黏附分子CD44在卵巢良恶性肿瘤鉴别诊断中的检测效能。方法：选取2020年1月~2022年5月我院收治的100例卵巢癌患者、100例卵巢良性肿瘤患者，分为纳入恶性组与良性组，另外选取同期体检的100例健康女性作为对照组。比较三组患者血清中HE4、ALDH1及组织中CD44的表达情况，并采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析其对卵巢良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值。结果：恶性组患者的HE4、ALDH1水平及CD44阳性表达率均高于良性组与对照组（P＜0.05），良性组患者的HE4、ALDH1水平及CD44阳性表达率高于对照组（P＜0.05）。与临床分期为Ⅰ~Ⅱ期、未发生淋巴转移患者比较，临床分期为Ⅲ~Ⅳ期、发生淋巴转移的卵巢癌患者HE4、ALDH1水平及CD44阳性表达率更高（P＜0.05），Spesrman相关性分析结果显示，HE4、ALDH1水平及CD44阳性表达率均与卵巢癌患者临床分期、淋巴转移成正相关（P＜0.05）。ROC特征曲线结果显示，HE4、ALDH1、CD44鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤的曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.837、0.768及0.610，采用3项指标联合（并联）鉴别卵巢良恶性肿瘤的AUC及敏感度均高于单一指标诊断（P＜0.05）。结论：卵巢恶性肿瘤患者血清中HE4、ALDH1及组织中CD44均呈现高表达，且表达水平与卵巢癌患者临床分期、淋巴转移密切相关，HE4、ALDH1联合CD44检测对卵巢良恶性肿瘤具有较高的的鉴别诊断价值。     

超声造影联合超声弹性成像组织弥散定量分析在乳腺癌诊断中的应用

摘要 目的：探讨超声造影联合超声弹性成像组织弥散定量分析在乳腺癌诊断中的应用价值。方法：2019年1月至2020年5月选择在本院诊治的乳腺肿瘤患者148例,所有患者都给予超声造影联合超声弹性成像组织弥散定量分析,记录影像学特征。结果：在148例患者中,病理诊断为乳腺癌32例(恶性组),良性乳腺肿瘤116例(良性组)。良性组与恶性组的超声病灶形状、边缘、回声、微钙化等特征对比差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恶性组的超声造影增强模式、强度与良性组对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恶性组的造影灌注参数曲线下面积(Area under the curve,AUC)、峰值强度(Peak intensity,PI)、上升支斜率(Wash in slope,WIS)值都高于良性组,达峰时间(Time To Peak,TTP)值低于良性组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。恶性组的组织弥散定量参数蓝色区域面积百分比(area ratio,%AREA)低于良性组,标准差(standard deviation,SD)、应变均值(mean,MEAN)值高于良性组,对比差异都有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论：超声造影联合超声弹性成像组织弥散定量分析在乳腺癌诊断中的应用作为一种经济快捷、实时无创、重复性好的检查方法,能够定量评估乳腺癌的影像学特征,可为乳腺癌的临床治疗提供更多有价值的信息。