双向电泳结合质谱初步分析蛇岛蝮蛇毒蛋白质组

采用荧光染料(Cy5)标记中国辽宁蛇岛蝮(Gloydius shedaoensis shedaoensis,GSS)蛇毒(snake venom,SV,GSS-SV)蛋白质,获得了该蛇毒的双向十二烷基硫酸钠聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(2D SDS-PAGE)图谱,经DeCyder软件分析,分辨出1000多个蛋白点,分子量范围在10～150ku间,等电点在4～7的蛋白质点占78.8%。凝胶后染色(post-staining)采用蛋白荧光染料Deep Purple,选取的5个蛋白点经胶内酶解,产生的肽段经高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(high performance liquid chromatography/HPLC-electro-spray ionization tandem mass spectrometry/ESI-MS/MS,HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)进行序列测定,质谱数据经Sequest Bioworks软件分析,为蛇毒L-氨基酸氧化酶、金属蛋白酶、类凝血酶、纤溶酶原激活物和磷脂酶A2的同源蛋白。本研究采用的荧光标记2DSDS-PAGE结合HPLC-ESI-MS/MS的技术适于高通量研究蛇毒蛋白组成。     

纳升电喷雾串联质谱技术对阻断泛素通路诱导凋亡相关蛋白质的鉴定

应用毛细管液相色谱 电喷雾 四极杆 飞行时间串联质谱和纳升电喷雾 四极杆 飞行时间串联质谱技术 ,对阻断白血病细胞泛素通路诱发的凋亡相关蛋白质进行了鉴定。通过双向电泳发现 ,蛋白质斑点H在阻断Mo7e白血病细胞泛素通路 2h之后 ,表达量明显增加 ,6h达到最高。该斑点经MALDI TOF MS肽质量指纹谱分析未获结果 ,但通过上述 2种串联质谱技术获得其胰蛋白酶水解肽段的串联质谱图和肽段的全长序列 ,经检索均确认为RhoGDIβ蛋白。进一步发现阻断泛素通路还诱发了另 2个斑点出现 ,位于H点附近 ,经鉴定为同一蛋白质 ,可能是不同翻译后修饰所造成     

冬虫夏草不同发育时期蛋白质组iTRAQ质谱分析

本文选定冬虫夏草寄主昆虫幼虫（S1）、僵虫（S2）、子座初期（子座<1cm,S3）、子座早期（1cm<子座<3cm,S4）、成熟冬虫夏草（子座>7cm,S5）、商品冬虫夏草菌核（S6）、商品冬虫夏草子座（S7）及商品冬虫夏草（中期子座≈5cm,S8）8个样品,用定量蛋白质组学方法iTRAQ分析技术对冬虫夏草不同生长发育阶段的差异蛋白质组进行比较。共计获得9 924个不同肽段,鉴定到1 809个蛋白质,其中差异比值1.5倍以上,P<0.05蛋白个数506个,以商品冬虫夏草样本（S8）为参照,比较差异蛋白数量,寄主幼虫（S1）、僵虫（S2）、子座初期（S3）、子座早期（S4）、成熟冬虫夏草（S5）、商品冬虫夏草菌核（S6）及商品冬虫夏草子座（S7）阶段差异蛋白数分别为104、102、34、35、49、46和136个,说明昆虫幼虫、僵虫及子座与商品冬虫夏草样品差异显著。对鉴定蛋白质数据进行了主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）,在第三主成分（component 3）上的显著差异,表明成熟冬虫夏草（S5）的蛋白组成不同于商品虫草,说明成熟虫草品质下降。层次聚类（hierarchy clustering）分析结果表明所有样品分为两支,僵虫（S2）和商品冬虫夏草菌核（S6）与寄主幼虫（S1）聚在了一个分支上,而不同发育阶段样品（S3、S4和S5）与商品虫草子座（S7）聚在一个分支上,说明商品冬虫夏草菌核中还残留有寄主昆虫蛋白。冬虫夏草菌核部位的蛋白到子座部位的蛋白呈现由寄主幼虫蛋白向真菌蛋白发育过渡的聚类关系。子集嵌套关系同步子实体生长发育阶段蛋白组成变化随时间的程序性变化的规律。K-均值（K-means）聚类和Gene Ontology（GO）注释分析,提供了冬虫夏草成熟过程中能量代谢通路的变化趋势以及与真菌侵染昆虫和有性生殖相关蛋白质信息。研究结果为理解寄主昆虫对冬虫夏草功能的潜在贡献、子实体形成和发育的分子机制提供借鉴,并为蛋白质组作为冬虫夏草质量标准提供了科学参考。     

超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱鉴定灵芝中脂质成分

脂质是灵芝重要活性成分之一,但目前对灵芝胞内脂质成分的构成研究甚少。本研究采用UPLC-ESI-MS/MS技术,对灵芝发酵菌体的胞内脂质构成进行分析。结果显示,灵芝细胞中共鉴定到296种脂质,其中甘油酯112种、磷脂148种、鞘脂34种和甾醇2种;甘油酯和磷脂分别占总脂质的44.70%和38.06%,鞘脂和甾醇分别占总脂质的17.08%和0.16%。分析甘油酯中主要成分为甘油三酯,占甘油酯总含量的67.36%;磷脂中主要成分为磷脂酰乙醇胺,占磷脂总含量的62.64%;鞘脂中主要成分为神经酰胺,占鞘脂总量的60.33%;此外,本研究检测出27种游离脂肪酸,其中20种为不饱和脂肪酸,相对含量为65.59%;7种为饱和脂肪酸,相对含量为34.41%。本研究系统性地分析了灵芝细胞中的脂质构成,为进一步开展灵芝细胞中脂质相关研究奠定基础。     

iTRAQ结合2D LC-MS/MS技术在草菇不同生长发育时期蛋白质组分析中的应用

【目的】旨在采用iTRAQ标记结合二维液相色谱串联质谱技术对草菇不同生长发育阶段的差异蛋白质组进行研究。【方法】首先将提取的草菇不同生长阶段蛋白样品进行SDS-PAGE分析,其次将经二维液相色谱串联质谱技术获取的串联质谱数据通过MASCOT软件搜库,之后对鉴定蛋白质数据进行了主成分分析(Principal componentanalysis,PCA)、层次聚类(Hierarchy clustering)分析、K-均值(K-means)聚类和GeneOntology(GO)注释分析。【结果】试验结果显示,共计获得2 335个不同肽段,鉴定到1 039个蛋白质,其中1 030个蛋白质具有定量信息。在子实体阶段中显著上调蛋白质64个,下调蛋白质150个。生物信息学分析表明,iTRAQ标记技术结合二维液相色谱串联质谱可对不同生长发育时期的草菇蛋白样品进行有效地分离和鉴定。【结论】这一研究结果为深入研究草菇乃至其他大型担子菌子实体形成和发育的分子机制提供借鉴。     

糖组学研究技术及其进展

多细胞生物机体内,蛋白质糖基化是一个重要后修饰事件 . 蛋白质的糖链不仅仅是区别细胞种类的标志,且与众多的生物现象有关,如细胞发育、分化、形态、肿瘤转移、微生物感染等 . 糖组学的内容主要涉及单个个体的全部糖蛋白结构分析,确定编码糖蛋白的基因和蛋白质糖基化的机制 . 综述了糖组学的分离和结构鉴定技术及其最新进展 .     

鼻咽癌细胞中p53相互作用蛋白质的分离和鉴定

鼻咽癌中p53基因突变罕见,但绝大部分鼻咽癌中存在p53蛋白过表达/聚集且功能失活.然而,到目前为止p53蛋白失活的机制仍然不清楚.为揭示鼻咽癌中p53蛋白功能失活的机制,采用免疫共沉淀技术分别富集鼻咽癌细胞系HNE1和HNE2的p53结合蛋白,SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）对免疫沉淀复合物进行分离,从胶中切取p53结合蛋白条带,胶内酶解后进行电喷雾串联质谱（LC-ESI-MS/MS）分析,得到相应的肽序列标签（peptide sequence tags, PST）,通过搜索数据库在鼻咽癌细胞系中鉴定了9个p53结合蛋白.分别是热休克蛋白70（HSP70）家族成员GRP-78和GRP-75、HSP90家族成员GRP-94、核纤层蛋白A/C （Lamin A/C）、α-actinin 4、Ezrin/Cytovillin、DNA复制准许因子/MCM3蛋白(DNA replication licensing factor/minichromosome maintenance 3 protein, MCM3)、CD98/4F2 heavy chain和蛋白激酶C（PKC）.并用免疫共沉淀和蛋白质印迹分析技术对HNE₁细胞蛋白条带3鉴定的p53相互作用蛋白之一HSP78进行了验证.首次在鼻咽癌细胞中鉴定了9个p53结合蛋白,为阐明鼻咽癌中p53蛋白聚集及失活的机制提供了重要依据和线索.     

蛋白质组研究中分离新技术与新方法

对于蛋白质组的研究离不开分析技术的支撑。由于样品及其基质的复杂性,为了实现蛋白质的高通量、高灵敏度、快速分析鉴定,必须发展与之匹配的新技术与新方法。多维高效液相色谱/毛细管电泳技术,部分弥补了传统2D PAGE的不足,近年来,在蛋白质分离鉴定方面取得了最令人瞩目的成绩。本文分别从多维液相色谱分离技术、多维毛细管电泳蛋白质分离平台、微柱液相-毛细管电泳联用技术、极端pH蛋白质的分离分析和蛋白质的在线富集技术等方面对蛋白质组学研究中在新技术与新方法方面近期取得的成果加以系统阐述。     

绿茶糖苷类香气前体的GC-MS和HPLC-ESI-MS~n分析

采用高效液相色谱-电喷雾多级串联质谱法(HPLC-ESI-MSn)并结合气相色谱-质谱法(GC-MS)分析鉴定了绿茶中的糖苷类香气前体物质。茶样经甲醇提取,HPD-500大孔吸附树脂分离富集糖苷,GC-MS跟踪监测酶解后挥发性苷元,然后通过电喷雾多级质谱,根据正负离子模式下的准分子离子峰和多级质谱裂解碎片,鉴定了13种糖苷类香气前体物质,其中2种糖苷首次发现存在于绿茶中。     

基于液相色谱-质谱技术的早期胃癌血清多肽组学研究

目的:建立早期胃癌外周血清特征性多肽谱,分析其生物学特征,以探索一种特异且敏感的早期胃癌血清学诊断方法。方法:采集10例早期胃癌和10例正常对照血清,使用蛋白沉淀法去除高丰度血清蛋白质后,通过液相色谱-质谱联用技术重复三次进行多肽分离、离子化、质谱检测,将原始数据应用Label free方法中Max Quant算法对肽段进行相对定量,分析两组差异多肽及差异多肽匹配蛋白。结果:EGC组和N组重复三次所得色谱图总体比较一致,多肽重复检出率分别为87.54%和85.67%。其中EGC组可重复检测到的Unique peptide有65条,匹配对应31个蛋白;在EGC组和N组血清中显著差异的Unique peptide有22条,匹配对应11个蛋白。对血清显著差异多肽所匹配蛋白进行生物学分析,发现这些蛋白质多数位于细胞外,功能类别主要涉及分子水平的序列变换、信号肽、N-糖基化位点等,信号通路主要富集在凝血级联通路和补体级联通路。结论:早期胃癌血清特异性多肽谱图的建立可望成为胃癌早期诊断的血清学标志物,后续试验将进一步针对这些差异多肽进一步分析验证,筛选出早期胃癌标志性多肽,同时应用大样本进行验证,筛选出特异高效的早期胃癌血清标志物。     

Identification of novel p53-binding proteins by biomolecular interaction analysis combined with tandem mass spectrometry

Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was combined with biomolecular interaction analysis (BIA) to develop a method of direct protein identification after real-time analysis of protein-protein interactions. Using this method, called BIA-MS/MS, we detected multiple p53-interacting proteins in whole tissue extracts from human placenta and liver. Peptide sequencing revealed three proteins whose interaction with p53 had not been previously reported: a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p57/Kip2, a serine/threonine protein phosphatase PP1C, and hemoglobin. Using our system, unambiguous sequence information can be obtained at the femto- to picomole level after repeating the recovery procedure five times. Furthermore, the association and dissociation constants are easily determined by kinetic analysis. This system provides a powerful tool for analyzing complex biological materials in a simple but highly specific and sensitive manner.     

稻胚中几种植物凝集素的内源受体

用4种不同的植物凝集素制成亲和吸附剂从成熟的稻胚中分离相应内源受体,发现“双丰1号”成熟稻胚中不合与麦胚凝集素(WGA)结合的物质,但含有少量与自身凝集素(S-RGL)和“寒丰”稻胚凝集素(K-RGL)结合的物质(0.1～0.2 mg/g胚),并含有较大量的与伴刀豆球蛋白(conA)结合的物质(1.0～1.5 mg/g胚)。用凝胶电泳分析受体组成,在低pH-不连续PAGE图谱中,conA受体有2条带,S-KGL和H-RGL受体均只有1条迁移率相同的带。SDS-IPAGE图谱显示,conA受体有7条多肽,S-RGL和H-RGL受体具有迁移率相同的8条多肽。说明两种受体的分子性质相同。     

Visualization of the cell-selective distribution of PUFA-containing phosphatidylcholines in mouse brain by imaging mass spectrometry

Previous studies have shown that MALDI-imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) can be used to visualize the distribution of various biomolecules, especially lipids, in the cells and tissues. In this study, we report the cell-selective distribution of PUFA-containing glycerophospholipids (GPLs) in the mouse brain. We established a practical experimental procedure for the IMS of GPLs. We demonstrated that optimization of the composition of the matrix solution and spectrum normalization to the total ion current (TIC) is critical. Using our procedure, we simultaneously differentiated and visualized the localizations of specific molecular species of GPLs in mouse brain sections. The results showed that PUFA-containing phosphatidylcholines (PCs) were distributed in a cell-selective manner: arachidonic acid- and docosahexaenoic acid-containing PCs were seen in the hippocampal neurons and cerebellar Purkinje cells, respectively. Furthermore, these characteristic localizations of PUFA-PCs were formed during neuronal maturation. The phenomenon of brain cell-selective production of specific PUFA-GPLs will help elucidate the potential physiological functions of PUFAs in specific brain regions.     

Identification and comparative analysis of the structural proteomes of ϕKZ and EL,two giant Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophages

Giant bacteriophages ?KZ and EL of Pseudomonas aeruginosa contain 62 and 64 structural proteins, respectively, identified by ESI‐MS/MS on total virion particle proteins. These identifications verify gene predictions and delineate the genomic regions dedicated to phage assembly and capsid formation (30 proteins were identified from a tailless ?KZ mutant). These data form the basis for future structural studies and provide insights into the relatedness of these large phages. The ?KZ structural proteome strongly correlates to that of Pseudomonas chlororaphis bacteriophage 201?2‐1. Phage EL is more distantly related, shown by its 26 non‐conserved structural proteins and the presence of genomic inversions.     

New insight into the flavonoid composition of Chenopodium botrys

Due to their beneficial medicinal effects, in recent years there has been an increasing interest in the research of flavonoids in plant sources.In the conducted research the flavonoid composition of Chenopodium botrys was defined by applying an approach which included different extraction procedures and methods of detection. Primary extraction of polyphenols with two different solvents, HPLC-PDA fingerprint profiling and an Orbitrap UHPLC-MS/MS detection were used. The fingerprint profile of polyphenols showed that the major constituents were the methoxylated flavones nepetin, hispidulin and jaceosidin, while the quercetin glycosides represented a minor part. In order to elucidate their structure, the fragmentation of the compounds was examined by means of ESI-MS/MS analysis. A novel explanation of the fragmentation pathways of the methoxylated flavones was introduced. Nepetin, nobiletin, eupatilin, rutin and quercetin-3-O-galactoside were identified in the polyphenol complex of C. botrys for the first time.     

The Role of Cell-Surface Lectins in the Aggregation of Azospirilla

The mutant strain Azospirillum brasilenseSp7.2.3 with impaired lectin activity exhibited poorer cell aggregation than its parent strain A. brasilenseSp7(S) both in the exponential and stationary growth phases. The pretreatment of bacterial cells with the specific haptens (L-fucose and D-galactose) of a lectin located at the cell surface of the mutant strain was found to inhibit the aggregation of azospirilla. The specific binding of the A. brasilenseSp7(S) lectin to the extracellular polysaccharide-containing complexes of this strain was revealed by dot immunoblotting on nitrocellulose membrane filters. The interaction of the lectins of A. brasilense75, A. brasilenseSp7, and A. lipoferum59b with the polysaccharide-containing complexes that were isolated from these strains was not specific. No interstrain cross-interaction between the exopolysaccharides and lectins of azospirilla was found. A coflocculation of A. brasilenseSp7 cells with Bacillus polymyxa1460 cells was shown. The involvement of autogenous lectins in the aggregation of bacterial cells is discussed.     

重组人血清白蛋白在汉逊酵母中的表达与纯化

优化人血清白蛋白（Human Serum Albumin, HSA）基因的密码子,合成基因连接到用于汉逊酵母（Hansenula polymorpha）表达的表达载体上,构建成重组人血清白蛋白（recombinant Human Serum Albumin, rHSA）表达质粒,转化汉逊酵母细胞,筛选得到的rHSA高表达细胞株HP-rHSA－C,30L发酵罐批式发酵表达量可达1.033g/L,经Streamline SP,Phenyl Bio-Sep 6FF,DEAE Sepharose层析分离获得纯化蛋白,除菌过滤后稀释,进行小鼠免疫原性分析,结果与人血清中提取的人白蛋白具有相同的抗原、抗体反应特性。     

Purification and Characterization of Canine Serum Ferritin-binding Proteins

Ferritin-binding protein (FBP) is known to interact with circulating ferritins in mammals. Canine FBPs were purified from canine serum by affinity chromatography and were identified as IgM, IgG, and IgA by immunoblotting with alkaline phosphatase-labeled antibodies to canine IgM, IgG, and IgA heavy chains. Following further purification by application to a Sephacryl S-300 column, canine FBPs were separated into 81.3- and 27.7-kDa bands by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryamide gel electrophoresis, and the 81.3-kDa band reacted with the anti-canine IgM heavy chain antibody. Purified canine FBP bound to canine liver ferritin, but not to canine albumin and transferrin. FBP showed greater binding to the expressed bovine ferritin H-chain homopolymer than to the expressed bovine ferritin L-chain homopolymer. The binding of FBP with canine liver ferritin was dose-dependently inhibited by anti-rat liver ferritin antibody, and the anti-ferritin antibody dissociated the bound FBP in a dose-dependent manner, even after binding FBP with liver ferritin. The canine ferritin H subunit peptide fragment with amino acid residues 148–155 (NH₂-GDHVTNLR-COOH) in its C-terminal region was recognized by FBP. These results indicate that canine serum FBPs are autoantibodies to ferritin (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and that anti-ferritin autoantibody (IgM) recognizes the C-terminal region of ferritin H subunit.     

Multiplexed LC‐MS/MS analysis of horse plasma proteins to study doping in sport

The development of protein biomarkers for the indirect detection of doping in horse is a potential solution to doping threats such as gene and protein doping. A method for biomarker candidate discovery in horse plasma is presented using targeted analysis of proteotypic peptides from horse proteins. These peptides were first identified in a novel list of the abundant proteins in horse plasma. To monitor these peptides, an LC‐MS/MS method using multiple reaction monitoring was developed to study the quantity of 49 proteins in horse plasma in a single run. The method was optimised and validated, and then applied to a population of race‐horses to study protein variance within a population. The method was finally applied to longitudinal time courses of horse plasma collected after administration of an anabolic steroid to demonstrate utility for hypothesis‐driven discovery of doping biomarker candidates.     

Purification and separation of tomato isolectins by chromatofocusing

Tomato lectin can be rapidly separated from a crude extract of tomato fruit proteins by chromatofocusing. The lectin is recovered from a PBE94 column in two peaks, each with a specific activity comparable to that of lectin purified by affinity chromatography on ovomucoid-Sepharose. Both isolectins consist of a single polypeptide chain (Mr 68,000) and have similar properties.