响应面法快速优化曲霉Aspergillus sp.F044产脂肪酶培养条件

运用逐因子试验(Seriatim-Factorial Experiment)、Plackett-Burman、Response Surface Methodology(RSM)和单因子试验(Monofactorial Experiment)分析对产脂肪酶曲霉Aspergillus sp.F044产酶培养条件进行了快速优化。首先运用逐因子试验确定Aspergillus sp.F044产脂肪酶最适碳源和氮源,分别为麦芽糖和牛肉膏。在此基础上,通过Plackett-Burrman设计对影响其产酶相关因素进行评估并筛选出具有显著效应的橄榄油、牛肉膏、硫酸镁三个因素。然后通过实验拟合上述三因素与发酵液脂肪酶活力的一阶线性模型,沿着一阶模型给定的路径进行最速上升试验,在上升最高点处由中心组合试验和向应面分析确定其最优培养基组成;最后通过单因子试验确定最适发酵温度和摇床转速。试验优化的最优培养条件为:麦芽糖1.5%(w/v),硫酸铵7‰(w/v),磷酸氢二钾1‰(w/v),牛肉膏1.25%(w/v),硫酸镁2.11‰(w/v),橄榄油1.41%(v/v),自然pH,250r/min和30℃培养72h酶活达32.15U/mL。与初始11.18U相比,酶活提高2.88倍。     

Medium optimization for antifungal active substances production from a newly isolated Paenibacillus sp. using response surface methodology

Statistics based experimental designs were used to optimize the medium for antifungal active substances production from a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa Cp-S316 in shaker flask cultivation. The medium components having significant effect on the production were first identified using a fractional factorial design. Then steepest ascent method was employed to approach the experimental design space, followed by an application of response surface methodology for further optimization. A quadratic model was found to fit the antifungal active substances production. Response surface analysis revealed that the optimum values of the tested variables for the production of active substances were 12.3 (g/l) lactose, 17.5 (g/l) peptone, 0.4 (g/l) sodium nitrate, 4.5 (g/l) magnesium sulfate and 100 (g/l) potato. A production of 4687.71mug/ml, which was in agreement with the prediction, was observed in verification experiment. In comparison to the production of basal medium, 3.05-fold increase had been obtained.     

Optimization of L-asparaginase production from novel Enterobacter sp., by submerged fermentation using response surface methodology

The culture conditions and nutritional rations influencing the production of extra cellular antileukemic enzyme by novel Enterobacter aerogenes KCTC2190/MTCC111 were optimized in shake-flask culture. Process variables like pH, temperature, incubation time, carbon and nitrogen sources, inducer concentration, and inoculum size were taken into account. In the present study, finest enzyme activity achieved by traditional one variable at a time method was 7.6 IU/mL which was a 2.6-fold increase compared to the initial value. Further, the L-asparaginase production was optimized using response surface methodology, and validated experimental result at optimized process variables gave 18.35 IU/mL of L-asparaginase activity, which is 2.4-times higher than the traditional optimization approach. The study explored the E. aerogenes MTCC111 as a potent and potential bacterial source for high yield of antileukemic drug.     

Optimization of l‐DOPA production by Brevundimonas sp. SGJ using response surface methodology

l ‐DOPA (3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl‐l ‐alanine) is an extensively used drug for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In the present study, optimization of nutritional parameters influencing l ‐DOPA production was attempted using the response surface methodology (RSM) from Brevundimonas sp. SGJ. A Plackett–Burman design was used for screening of critical components, while further optimization was carried out using the Box–Behnken design. The optimized levels of factors predicted by the model were pH 5.02, 1.549 g l^?1 tryptone, 4.207 g l^?1 l ‐tyrosine and 0.0369 g l^?1 CuSO₄, which resulted in highest l ‐DOPA yield of 3.359 g l^?1. The optimization of medium using RSM resulted in a 8.355‐fold increase in the yield of l ‐DOPA. The anova showed a significant R² value (0.9667), model F‐value (29.068) and probability (0.001), with insignificant lack of fit. The highest tyrosinase activity observed was 2471 U mg^?1 at the 18th hour of the incubation period with dry cell weight of 0.711 g l^?1. l ‐DOPA production was confirmed by HPTLC, HPLC and GC‐MS analysis. Thus, Brevundimonas sp. SGJ has the potential to be a new source for the production of l ‐DOPA.     

Optimization of media composition for Nattokinase production by Bacillus subtilis using response surface methodology

Response surface methodology and central composite rotary design (CCRD) was employed to optimize a fermentation medium for the production of Nattokinase by Bacillus subtilis at pH 7.5. The four variables involved in this study were Glucose, Peptone, CaCl(2), and MgSO(4). The statistical analysis of the results showed that, in the range studied; only peptone had a significant effect on Nattokinase production. The optimized medium containing (%) Glucose: 1, Peptone: 5.5, MgSO(4): 0.2 and CaCl(2): 0.5 resulted in 2-fold increased level of Nattokinase (3194.25U/ml) production compared to initial level (1599.09U/ml) after 10h of fermentation. Nattokinase production was checked with fibrinolytic activity.     

Isolation and identification of antifungal peptides from Bacillus BH072, a novel bacterium isolated from honey

A bacterial strain BH072 isolated from a honey sample showed antifungal activity against mold. Based on morphological, biochemical, physiological tests, and analysis of 16S rDNA sequence, the strain was identified to be a new subspecies of Bacillus sp. It had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity against various mold, such as Aspergillus niger, Pythium, and Botrytis cinerea. Six pairs of antifungal genes primers were designed and synthesized, and ituA, hag, tasA genes were detected by PCR analysis. The remarkable antifungal activity could be associated with the co-production of these three peptides. One of them was purified by 30–40% ammonium sulfate precipitation, Sephadex G-75 gel filtration and anion exchange chromatography on D201 resin. The purified peptide was estimated to be 35.615 kDa and identified to be flagellin by micrOTOF-Q II. By using methanol extraction, another substance was isolated from fermentation liquor, and determined to be iturin with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method. The third possible peptide encoded by tasA was not isolated in this study. The culture liquor displayed antifungal activity in a wide pH range (5.0–9.0) and at 40–100 °C. The result of the present work suggested that Bacillus BH072 might be a bio-control bacterium of research value.     

响应面法优化海洋放线菌Streptomyces sp. YT-10抗菌物质的发酵条件

以啤酒酵母为指示菌,研究了海洋放线菌YT-10产抗菌物质的发酵条件。利用Plackett-Burman设计对影响YT-10产抗菌物质的因素的效应进行评价,筛选出具有显著效应的三个因素:葡萄糖、黄豆粉和氯化钠。利用响应面中心旋转组合设计优化三个显著因素,确定了葡萄糖,黄豆粉和氯化钠浓度分别为0.7%,1.3%,0.952%。优化后抑菌圈直径可达32.6mm,比原来增加了34.7%。     

Optimization of growth medium for the production of spores from Bacillus thuringiensis using response surface methodology

The effects of cultivation medium compositions including tapioca, fishmeal, CaCO₃ and (NH₄)₂SO₄ for the growth of Bacillus thuringiensis YMB 96-1988 were accessed by using response surface methodology (RSM). The two-level (2^4–1) fractional factorial designs (FFD) which involve two concentrations of each nutrient, and the paths of steepest ascent were effective in searching for the major factors of the bacteria growth. This allows the fitting of a first order linear model to the data. In this study, supplementary CaCO₃ showed a negative effect on the spore production based on the first order regression coefficients derived from SAS programme. Subsequently, a 2³ central composite design (CCD) was used for allocation of treatment combinations. Preliminary studies showed that tapioca and fishmeal is believed to be the major factors for the growth of B. thuringiensis. Estimated optimum compositions for the production of spores by B. thuringiensis are as follows: tapioca, 5.01%; fishmeal 5.86%; (NH₄)₂SO₄ 0.06% and resulted in a maximum spore count of 8.56?×?10⁸/ml was obtained. This value is close to the 8.35?×?10⁸/ml spore density as counted from actual experimental observations.     

Optimization of culture medium for novel cell-associated tannase production from Bacillus massiliensis using response surface methodology

Naturally immobilized tannase (tannin acyl hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.20) has many advantages, as it avoids the expensive and laborious operation of isolation, purification, and immobilization, plus it is highly stable in adverse pH and temperature. However, in the case of cell-associated enzymes, since the enzyme is associated with the biomass, separation of the pure biomass is necessary. However, tannic acid, a known inducer of tannase, forms insoluble complexes with media proteins, making it difficult to separate pure biomass. Therefore, this study optimizes the production of cell-associated tannase using a "protein-tannin complex" free media. An exploratory study was first conducted in shake-flasks to select the inducer, carbon source, and nitrogen sources. As a result it was found that gallic acid induces tannase synthesis, a tryptose broth gives higher biomass, and lactose supplementation is beneficial. The medium was then optimized using response surface methodology based on the full factorial central composite design in a 3 l bioreactor. A 2(3) factorial design augmented by 7 axial points (alpha = 1.682) and 2 replicates at the center point was implemented in 17 experiments. A mathematical model was also developed to show the effect of each medium component and their interactions on the production of cell-associated tannase. The validity of the proposed model was verified, and the optimized medium was shown to produce maximum cell-associated tannase activity of 9.65 U/l, which is 93.8% higher than the activity in the basal medium, after 12 h at pH 5.0, 30 degrees C. The optimum medium consists of 38 g/l lactose, 50 g/l tryptose, and 2.8 g/l gallic acid.     

响应面法优化有机溶剂极端耐受性菌株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产脂肪酶条件

Burkholderia sp．脂肪酶具有较高的有机溶剂耐受性和转酯活性,广泛应用于手性化合物的拆分。本研究利用统计学方法对一株具有有机溶剂极端耐受性的脂肪酶高产茵株Burkholderia sp．ZYB002在摇瓶培养条件下产脂肪酶条件进行了优化。通过单因素实验,首先确定了最适碳源、氮源、诱导荆等。以Plackett—Burrman设计筛选影响Burkholderia sp．ZYB002产酶的主要因素,通过最陡爬坡实验和响应面分析法确定产酶最适条件。K2HP04、大豆油乳化液和起始RH确定为影响菌株产酶的3个主效因素。最佳产酶条件为：糊精0．3％（W／V）,牛肉膏2．0％（W／V）,MgSO4．7H2O．075％（W／V）,K2HPO4 0．14％（W／V）,大豆油乳化液4．89％（V／V）,pH8．11,玻璃珠10颗／瓶,接种量2．0％（V／V）,30℃,250r／min,发酵时间22h。在此条件下,发酵液脂肪酶酶活最高达45．6U／mL,较发酵基本培养基发酵液的脂肪酶酶活提高了3．44倍。     

Optimization of cold-active protease production by the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia sp. NJ341 with response surface methodology

Culture conditions were optimized for an extracellular cold-active protease production by the psychrophilic bacterium Colwellia sp. NJ341. Response surface methodology was applied for the most significant fermentation parameters (casein, citrate sodium, temperature and Tween-80) identified earlier by one-factor-at-a-time approach. A 2(4) full factorial central composite design was employed to determine the maximum protease production. Using this methodology, the quadratic regression model of producing cold-active protease was built and the optimal combinations of media constituents for maximum protease production (183.21 U/mL) were determined as casein 5.18 g/L, citrate sodium 3.84 g/L, temperature 7.96 degrees C, Tween-80 0.23 g/L. Protease production obtained experimentally coincident with the predicted value and the model was proven to be adequate.     

Optimization of anticancer exopolysaccharide production from probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus by response surface methodology

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths in the Western world. Recently, much attention has been focused on decreasing the risk of CRC by consuming probiotics. In the present study, exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracted from Lactobacillus acidophilus was found to inhibit the growth of CaCo2 colon cancer cell line in a dose-dependent manner. The experiment was performed in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions, and EPS was found to reduce the survival of CaCo2 cell line in both the conditions. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) studies demonstrated that EPS treatment upregulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator activator receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) in both normoxia and hypoxia conditions, whereas it upregulated the expression of erythropoietin (EPO) in the normoxic condition, but there was no significant expression under hypoxic conditions. Hence, the EPS production was optimized by Plackett–Burman design followed by central composite rotatory design. The optimized production of EPS at 24 hr was found to be 400 mg/L. During batch cultivation the production peaked at 21 hr, resulting in an EPS concentration of 597 mg/L.     

Optimization of fermentation conditions for production of anti-TMV extracellular ribonuclease by Bacillus cereus using response surface methodology

Bacillus cereus ZH14 was previously found to produce a new type of antiviral ribonuclease, which was secreted into medium and active against tobacco mosaic virus. In order to enhance the ribonuclease production, in this study the optimization of culture conditions using response surface methodology was done. The fermentation variables including culture temperature, initial pH, inoculum size, sucrose, yeast extract, MgSO₄·7H₂O, and KNO₃ were considered for selection of significant ones by using the Plackett–Burman design, and four significant variables (sucrose, yeast extract, MgSO₄·7H₂O, and KNO₃) were further optimized by a 2⁴ factorial central composite design. The optimal combination of the medium constituents for maximum ribonuclease production was determined as 8.50 g/l sucrose, 9.30 g/l yeast extract, 2.00 g/l MgSO₄·7H₂O, and 0.62 g/l KNO₃. The enzyme activity was increased by 60%. This study will be helpful to the future commercial development of the new bacteria-based antiviral ribonuclease fermentation process.     

响应面法优化产酰胺酶发酵培养基

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母（Trichosporon asahii）ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化。运用单N子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca^2＋、Mn^2＋可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box—Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18．84g／L、酵母浸膏9．55g／L、NaC15g／L、KH2PO41g／L、MgSO4·7H2O0．2g／L、FeS040．001g／L、CaC0370．84μmol／L、MnS0465．39肚mo[／L（1％丙烯酸诱导）,NH4·H2O调节pH至7．0。培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U／L提高到4156U／L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1．63倍。     

响应面法对红法夫酵母合成虾青素主要影响因素的优化

在单因素试验确定了红法夫酵母生物合成虾青素培养基组份的基础上,用响应面法对其浓度进行优化。首先用分式析因设计评价了培养基的各组份对虾青素产量的影响,并找出主要影响因子为蔗糖和酵母粉,二者分别达到了极显著和显著水平。用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域后,运用旋转中心复合设计及响应面分析,确定了主要影响因子的最佳浓度。其中,蔗糖的最佳浓度为49.8g/L,酵母粉的浓度为9.6g/L。菌株在优化培养基中的虾青素产量为9861μg/L,比优化前增加了近1倍。     

Optimization of fermentation medium for amidase production by response surface methodology

采用响应面分析方法,对阿萨希丝孢酵母(Trichosporon asahii)ZZB-1产酰胺酶的发酵培养基进行了优化.运用单因子试验筛选出麦芽糖和酵母浸膏为最适碳源、氮源,金属离子Ca2+、Mn2+可提高发酵酰胺酶产量;通过最陡爬坡实验逼近以上4个因子的最大响应区域后,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法,确定产酰胺酶最佳发酵培养基为麦芽糖18.84 g/L、酵母浸膏9.55 g/L、NaCl 5g/L、KH2 PO41g/L、MgSO4·7H2O 0.2 g/L、FeSO40.001g/L、CaCO370.84 μmol/L、MnSO4 65.39 μmol/L(1％丙烯酸诱导),NH4·H2O调节pH至7.0.培养基优化后酰胺酶产量由初始2554U/L提高到4156 U/L,为原始发酵培养基配方酶活产量的1.63倍.     

A glycerol-inducible thermostable lipase from Bacillus sp.: medium optimization by a Plackett-Burman design and by response surface methodology

The production of a neutral lipase from a Bacillus sp. was improved tremendously (193-fold) following media optimization involving both the "one-at-a-time" and the statistical designing approaches. The present lipase was poorly induced by oils, instead its production was induced in the presence of sugars and sugar alcohols, mainly galactose, lactose, glycerol, and mannitol. A high inoculum density of 15% v/v (A550 = 0.8) led to maximum lipase production. Interestingly, the enzyme induction was growth independent, a property very different from most of the lipases investigated to date. The optimal composition of the growth medium to achieve maximum lipase production was determined to be as follows: NH4Cl, 35 g x L(-1); glycerol, 10 mL x L(-1); K2HPO4, 3 g x L(-1); KH2PO4, 1 g x L(-1); MgSO4.7H2O, 0.1 g x L(-1); glucose, 2 g x L(-1); MgCl2, 0.6 mmol x L(-1), with 15% inoculum density and an incubation period of 24 h. About 62 U x mL(-1) of enzyme production was achieved in the optimized medium.     

Medium optimization of antifungal lipopeptide,iturin A,production by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bacillus subtilis</Emphasis> in solid-state fermentation by response surface methodology

Iturin A, a lipopeptide antibiotic produced by Bacillus subtilis RB14-CS, suppresses the growth of various plant pathogens. Here, enhancement of iturin A production in solid-state fermentation (SSF) on okara, a soybean curd residue produced during tofu manufacturing, was accomplished using statistical experimental design. Primary experiments showed that the concentrations of carbon and nitrogen sources were the main factors capable of enhancing iturin A production, whereas initial pH, initial water content, temperature, relative humidity, and volume of inoculum were only minor factors. Glucose and soybean meal were the most effective among tested carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively. Based on these preliminary findings, response surface methodology was applied to predict the optimum amounts of the carbon and nitrogen sources in the medium. The maximum iturin A concentration was 5,591 μg/g initial wet okara under optimized condition. Subsequent experiments confirmed that iturin A production was significantly improved under the predicted optimal medium conditions. The SSF product generated under the optimized conditions exhibited significantly higher suppressive effect on the damping-off of tomato caused by Rhizoctonia solani K-1 compared with the product generated under the non-optimized conditions.     

枯草芽孢杆菌BI1产抗真菌脂肽培养条件的优化

采用Plackett—Burman设计对枯草芽孢杆茵BI1产抗菌脂肽培养条件中相关影响因素(即种龄、接种量和pH值)的效应进行评价并筛选出重要的影响因素,然后用Box-Behnken设计及响应面分析确定了重要影响因素的最佳条件,优化后的溶血透明圈直径达到17.5 mm,比优化前的13.75 mm提高了27.27%。