利用HER2/neu胞外配体结合区2从噬菌体抗体库中筛选抗体及其初步鉴定

目的:利用HER2/neu胞外配体结合区2(RLD2)从噬菌体抗体库中筛选相应抗体,并进行初步检测。方法:设计合成引物,利用PCR方法克隆出RLD2基因后,将其连接到pET-24a( )载体中,在大肠杆菌中实现高效表达。对包涵体蛋白经纯化、透析复性后得到目的蛋白。以得到的目的蛋白为靶标,从人源性噬菌体抗体库中进行4轮筛选得到抗体,经ELISA法初步鉴定,并用MTT法检测阳性克隆。结果与结论:初步得到6株亲和力较高的抗HER2/neu抗体,选取其中2株进行了MTT法检测,表明对HER2高表达的乳腺癌细胞有较明显的抑制作用。     

HER-2/neu胞外配体结合区2在大肠杆菌中可溶性表达及纯化

用PCR技术扩增HER 2 neu胞外配体结合区 2 (RLD2 )cDNA ,并将扩增的基因片段克隆于硫氧还蛋白 (TrxA)原核表达载体中 ,获得TrxA RLD2融合蛋白的可溶性表达 .通过插入偶联翻译序列 ,实现TrxA与RLD2蛋白在大肠杆菌中的共表达 .表达产物经免疫印记检测可被抗HER 2 neu特异性抗体识别 .经离子交换层析和钴亲和层析纯化 ,RLD2蛋白的纯度达 90 % .用质谱法分析RLD2蛋白的分子量 ,与预期值相符 .结果表明 ,利用TrxA表达体系在大肠杆菌中获得了HER 2 neuRLD2蛋白高效可溶性表达     

抗人P185~(erbB2)嵌合抗体在CHO细胞中的高效表达及其活性分析

为降低人抗鼠抗体 (HAMA)反应并在CHO细胞中高效表达抗人P185 erbB2 人 /鼠嵌合抗体 ,将抗人P185 erbB2 单抗C2 5的轻、重链可变区基因分别克隆入具有人抗体恒定区基因组序列和弱化启动子驱动的选择标志基因的真核表达载体中 ,共转染CHO dhfr-细胞 ,经G418及氨甲喋呤 (MTX)梯度加压筛选进行了嵌合抗体的高效表达。采用RT PCR、ELISA、细胞ELISA、免疫荧光细胞化学等实验证实了所表达的抗人P185 erbB2 嵌合抗体的人源性及抗原特异性。培养上清中的抗体产量可达 10 0mg/L ,所表达的嵌合抗体具有抑制P185 erbB2 高表达肿瘤细胞增殖的作用     

抗人P185^erbB2嵌合抗体的CHO细胞中的高效表达及其活性分析

为降低人抗鼠抗体（HAMA）反应并在CHO细胞中高效表达抗人P185^erbB2人／鼠嵌合抗体,将抗人P185^erbB2单抗C25的轻、重链可变区基因分别克隆入具有人抗体恒定区基因组序列和弱化启动子驱地劝的选择标志基因的真核表达载体中,共转染CHO－dhfr^-细胞,经G418及氨甲喋呤（MTX）梯度加压筛选进行了嵌合抗体的高效表达,采用RT－PCR、ELISA、细胞ELISA、免疫荧光细胞化等实验证实了所表达的抗人P185^erbB2嵌合抗体的人源性及抗原特异性。培养上清中的抗体产量可达100mg/L,所表达的嵌合抗体具有抑制P185^erbB2高表达肿瘤细胞增殖的作用。     

一种特异性识别斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原的噬菌体展示单链抗体的可溶性表达方案

为了实现特异性识别斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原的噬菌体展示单链抗体的可溶性表达,将不能以可溶性蛋白形式表达的、只能以噬菌体展示形式特异性识别斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原的单链抗体F5的基因,克隆到pET 32a载体并转化入大肠杆菌ori DE3中。结果表明,通过诱导表达,可获得可溶性的并且仍特异性识别斑马鱼卵黄蛋白原的单链抗体32a-F5。噬菌体展示单链抗体不能可溶性表达是噬菌体展示技术应用中常见的问题,该方法提供了一种表达可溶性单链抗体的可行性方案。     

丙型肝炎病毒包膜蛋白E2可溶性单链可变区抗体在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用分子生物学技术,构建表达丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）包膜蛋白E2的人源单链可变区抗体（ScFv)的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌JM109中表达可溶性的HCV－E2－ScFv。以重组的HCV E2蛋白为包被抗原,利用噬菌体抗体库的表面展示技术,筛选含有HCV－E2－ScFv基因的噬菌体克隆,从噬菌体抗体阳性克隆中提取质粒,经Ncol/NotⅠ酶切鉴定后,该ScFv基因由750bp组成,将菜亚克隆到pCANTAB5E载体中,转化大肠杆菌JM109,在其培养上清中获得了可溶性HCV E2单链可变区抗体的表达。酶联免疫吸附法（ELISA）证实表达的HCV－E2－ScFv进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）,证实表达的HCV－E2－ScFv的分子量为28KD,为应用HCV－E2－ScFv进行肝组织免疫组织化学和细胞内免疫基因治疗研究奠定了基础。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2和p185HER-2/neu蛋白在卵巢癌中的研究进展

基质金属蛋白酶-2(Matrix Metalloproteinase-2,MMP-2)是基质金属蛋白酶家族的重要成员,能降解明胶蛋白和Ⅳ型、V型胶原,在细胞外基质的降解过程中起着关键作用,能够促进肿瘤细胞发生侵袭和转移。p185HER-2/neu蛋白是一种相对分子质量185×103的跨膜糖蛋白,由HER-2/neu基因编码,属于酪氨酸激酶受体家族,p185HER-2/neu蛋白在人类多种癌症中存在扩增及过量表达,并与肿瘤的侵袭性表型及生存期短密切相关。就基质金属蛋白酶-2和p185HER-2/neu蛋白的生物学特性,与卵巢癌侵袭转移和预后的关系及MMP-2和p185HER-2/neu蛋白的研究情况等予以综述。     

高效构建卵清白蛋白scFv噬菌体文库及其筛选

目的:建立一种高效噬菌体文库构建方法,获得抗鸡卵清蛋白(ovalbumin,OVA)的单链抗体(scFv)噬菌体展示文库,筛选鉴定获得OVA单链抗体。方法:用OVA蛋白免疫Balb/C小鼠,选取血清抗体效价高的小鼠提取脾脏RNA,利用RT-PCR方法扩增获得小鼠重链和小鼠轻链基因。通过无缝连接酶一步将小鼠重链基因、轻链基因和linker DNA连接起来,插入噬菌体表达载体中,构建OVA scFv噬菌体展示文库。测定文库容量,对文库进行富集筛选,ELISA鉴定阳性克隆,测序后构建真核表达载体,转入Expi-CHO悬浮细胞进行真核表达,利用Western blot进行鉴定。结果:成功获得库容量为1. 2×10~7cfu的OVA scFv噬菌体展示文库,并从中筛选出8个阳性克隆,选取效价最高的2号克隆,在Expi-CHO悬浮细胞中表达获得可溶性抗体。结论:建立了一种高效构建scFv噬菌体文库的方法,筛选获得高结合活性的OVA单链抗体,并成功进行了真核表达,为OVA ELISA检测试剂盒的研制奠定了基础。     

丙型肝炎病毒包膜蛋白E2可溶性单链可变区抗体在大肠杆菌中的表达

利用分子生物学技术,构建表达丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)包膜蛋白E2的人源单链可变区抗体(ScFv)的原核表达载体,并在大肠杆菌JM109中表达可溶性的HCV-E2-ScFv.以重组的HCVE2蛋白为包被抗原,利用噬菌体抗体库的表面展示技术,筛选到含有HCV-E2-ScFv基因的噬菌体克隆,从噬菌体抗体阳性克隆中提取质粒,经Ncol/NotI酶切鉴定后,该ScFv基因由750bp组成,将其亚克隆到pCANTAB5E载体中,转化大肠杆菌JM109,提取质粒进行DNA序列测定,符合ScFv的基因结构特点.IPTG诱导转化的大肠杆菌JM109,在其培养上清中获得了可溶性HCVE2单链可变区抗体的表达.酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)证实表达的HCV-E2-ScFv具有与重组HCVE2蛋白的反应活性和特异性,对转化的JM109大肠杆菌上清中表述的HCV-E2-ScFv进行聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE),证实表达的HCV-E2-ScFv的分子量为28kD.为应用HCV-E2-ScFv进行肝组织免疫组织化学和细胞内免疫基因治疗研究奠定了基础.     

富含二硫键的膜蛋白p185胞外区在大肠杆菌中的可溶性表达和性质鉴定

Her2/c-erbB-2基因（其产物为膜蛋白p185）是表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）基因家族的一员,在约30％的乳腺癌中发现了其过量表达。为了鉴定抗p185单克隆抗体的抗原表位并进一步研究它们的相互作用,采用PCR的方法从含Her2/c_erbB_2基因的pBabe/erbB_2质粒中扩增了p185胞外区的富含二硫键的第一、二结构域和第四个结构域。产物克隆到pGEX/4T-1载体后,转化大肠杆菌Origami B（DE3）pLysS菌株,用低浓度IPTG进行低温过夜诱导后将菌体压力破碎,SDS-PAGE检测表达上清,得到了可溶性表达的融合有GST的目的蛋白。经ELISA、Western blot等方法鉴定,可溶性表达产物具有完全的抗体结合活性,且当用凝血酶把GST切掉后该活性仍然保留。P185胞外区融合蛋白的成功表达将为二硫键富含类蛋白的表达提供参考;并为将来具有肿瘤细胞生长抑制活性的抗p185单克隆抗体的抗原表位鉴定,以及为EGFR家族受体的结构和功能关系的研究打下基础。     

HER2胞外段的克隆与原核表达

应用RT-PCR技术从人乳腺癌细胞系SK-BR-3中克隆出人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermal growth factorreceptor 2,HER2)基因的胞外段,并插入到表达载体pET-30a中,得到重组表达载体pET30-HER2(Ex)。将该载体转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)细胞中,加入IPTG进行诱导表达,成功获得HER2胞外段蛋白。分别提取培养液上清、大肠杆菌周质腔、细胞质可溶性及不可溶性组分蛋白进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,确定目的蛋白定位于大肠杆菌细胞质包涵体中。通过改变诱导温度、诱导物浓度、诱导起始菌体密度和诱导时间,寻找最佳表达条件,使目的蛋白的表达量达到最高。结果表明,在37℃下,OD600达到1.0时,经终浓度为0.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导4 h,目的蛋白的表达量最高。将重组表达菌进行超声破碎,分离出包涵体组分,经Ni2+亲和层析纯化后获得了纯度>90%的HER2胞外段蛋白,从而为抗HER2抗体的制备及肿瘤疫苗的研究奠定了基础。     

p185HER2 monoclonal antibody has antiproliferative effects in vitro and sensitizes human breast tumor cells to tumor necrosis factor.

The HER2/c-erbB-2 gene encodes the epidermal growth factor receptorlike human homolog of the rat neu oncogene. Amplification of this gene in primary breast carcinomas has been show to correlate with poor clinical prognosis for certain cancer patients. We show here that a monoclonal antibody directed against the extracellular domain of p185HER2 specifically inhibits the growth of breast tumor-derived cell lines overexpressing the HER2/c-erbB-2 gene product and prevents HER2/c-erbB-2-transformed NIH 3T3 cells from forming colonies in soft agar. Furthermore, resistance to the cytotoxic effect of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which has been shown to be a consequence of HER2/c-erbB-2 overexpression, is significantly reduced in the presence of this antibody.     

Antigen binding thermodynamics and antiproliferative effects of chimeric and humanized anti-p185HER2 antibody Fab fragments.

The murine monoclonal antibody 4D5 (anti-p185HER2) inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cells overexpressing p185HER2 in vitro and has been "humanized" [Carter, P., Presta, L., Gorman, C. M., Ridgway, J. B. B., Henner, D., Wong, W.-L. T., Rowland, A. M., Kotts, C., Carver, M. E., & Shepard, H. M. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (in press)] for use in human cancer therapy. We have determined the antigen binding thermodynamics and the antiproliferative activities of chimeric 4D5 Fab (ch4D5 Fab) fragment and a series of eight humanized Fab (hu4D5 Fab) fragments differing by amino acid substitutions in the framework regions of the variable domains. Fab fragments were expressed by secretion from Escherichia coli and purified from fermentation supernatants by using affinity chromatography on immobilized streptococcal protein G or staphylococcal protein A for ch4D5 and hu4D5, respectively. Circular dichroism spectroscopy indicates correct folding of the E. coli produced Fab, and scanning calorimetry shows a greater stability for hu4D5 (Tm = 82 degrees C) as compared with ch4D5 Fab (Tm = 72 degrees C). KD values for binding to the extracellular domain (ECD) of p185HER2 were determined by using a radioimmunoassay; the delta H and delta Cp for binding were determined by using isothermal titration calorimetry. ch4D5 Fab and one of the humanized variants (hu4D5-8 Fab) bind p185HER2-ECD with comparable affinity (delta G degrees = -13.6 kcal mol-1).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

The presence of c-erbB-2 gene product-related protein in culture medium conditioned by breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3

The Mr 185,000 glycoprotein encoded by human c-erbB-2/neu/HER2 gene, termed c-erbB-2 gene product, shows a close structural similarity with epidermal growth factor receptor and is now regarded to be a growth factor receptor for an as yet unidentified ligand. Abundant c-erbB-2 mRNA was demonstrated by Northern blot studies in the human breast cancer cell line SK-BR-3. Cellular radiolabeling experiments followed by immunoprecipitation with three different anti-c-erbB-2 gene product antibodies, recognizing extracellular domain, kinase domain, and carboxyl-terminal portion, respectively, demonstrated the production of a large amount of c-erbB-2 gene product which had the capacity to be phosphorylated. Immunization of mice with concentrated culture medium conditioned by SK-BR-3 cells always generated antibodies against c-erbB-2 gene product, demonstrating that this culture medium contained substance(s) immunologically indistinguishable from c-erbB-2 gene product. This observation was supported by the successful development of a monoclonal antibody against c-erbB-2 gene product, GFD-OA-p185-1, by immunizing mice with this culture medium. The biochemical nature of the substance(s) present in the culture medium was further characterized. When the culture medium conditioned by [35S]cysteine-labeled SK-BR-3 cells was immunoprecipitated by three different anti-c-erbB-2 gene product antibodies, only the antibody recognizing extracellular domain precipitated the [35S]-labeled protein with a molecular weight of 110,000, namely p110. The newly developed monoclonal antibody also immunoprecipitated this protein.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

HER-2/neu基因高表达及靶向治疗

HER-2/neu癌基因在许多肿瘤,如乳腺癌、卵巢癌、非小细胞肺癌等肿瘤中高表达,在肿瘤的发生与发展中起重要作用,与肿瘤的转化、转移、复发、预后差、患者生存期缩短有关。HER-2/neu在乳腺癌过度表达率约为20%～30%,编码蛋白P185HER2属生长因子受体家族,抗P185HER2单克隆抗体(Herceptin)作为靶向药物已临床应用治疗HER2/neu高表达乳腺癌。     

Rationally designed anti-HER2/neu peptide mimetic disables P185HER2/neu tyrosine kinases in vitro and in vivo

Monoclonal antibodies specific for the p185HER2/neu growth factor receptor represent a significant advance in receptor-based therapy for p185HER2/neu-expressing human cancers. We have used a structure-based approach to develop a small (1.5 kDa) exocyclic anti-HER2/neu peptide mimic (AHNP) functionally similar to an anti-p185HER2/neu monoclonal antibody, 4D5 (Herceptin). The AHNP mimetic specifically binds to p185HER2/neu with high affinity (KD=300 nM). This results in inhibition of proliferation of p185HER2/neu-overexpressing tumor cells, and inhibition of colony formation in vitro and growth of p185HER2/neu-expressing tumors in athymic mice. In addition, the mimetic sensitizes the tumor cells to apoptosis when used in conjunction with ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutic agents. A comparison of the molar quantities of the Herceptin antibody and the AHNP mimetic required for inhibiting cell growth and anchorage-independent growth showed generally similar activities. The structure-based derivation of the AHNP represents a novel strategy for the design of receptor-specific tumor therapies.     

Targeting HER2/neu with a fully human IgE to harness the allergic reaction against cancer cells

Breast and ovarian cancer are two of the leading causes of cancer deaths among women in the United States. Overexpression of the HER2/neu oncoprotein has been reported in patients affected with breast and ovarian cancers, and is associated with poor prognosis. To develop a novel targeted therapy for HER2/neu expressing tumors, we have constructed a fully human IgE with the variable regions of the scFv C6MH3-B1 specific for HER2/neu. This antibody was expressed in murine myeloma cells and was properly assembled and secreted. The Fc region of this antibody triggers in vitro degranulation of rat basophilic cells expressing human FcεRI (RBL SX-38) in the presence of murine mammary carcinoma cells that express human HER2/neu (D2F2/E2), but not the shed (soluble) antigen (ECD(HER2)) alone. This IgE is also capable of inducing passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in a human FcεRIα transgenic mouse model, in the presence of a cross-linking antibody, but not in the presence of soluble ECD(HER2). Additionally, IgE enhances antigen presentation in human dendritic cells and facilitates cross-priming, suggesting that the antibody is able to stimulate a secondary T-cell anti-tumor response. Furthermore, we show that this IgE significantly prolongs survival of human FcεRIα transgenic mice bearing D2F2/E2 tumors. We also report that the anti-HER2/neu IgE is well tolerated in a preliminary study conducted in Macaca fascicularis (cynomolgus) monkeys. In summary, our results suggest that this IgE should be further explored as a potential therapeutic against HER2/neu overexpressing tumors, such as breast and ovarian cancers.     

The extracellular domain of p185/neu is released from the surface of human breast carcinoma cells, SK-BR-3.

The human breast carcinoma cell line SK-BR-3, expresses the neu oncogene product, p185, which is a receptor tyrosine kinase. Using a double monoclonal antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for p185, activity was detected in conditioned media from cultures of SK-BR-3 cells. Two monoclonal antibodies specific for the extracellular domain of p185/neu immunoprecipitated a protein with a molecular mass of approximately 105 kDa. p105 was further shown to compete with p185 for binding to monoclonal antibodies and pulse-chase experiments indicate that it was generated by post-translational processing. Peptide maps showed that p105 and p185 are related polypeptides. Since p105 is close to the predicted size for the extracellular domain of p185/neu, we propose that SK-BR-3 cells specifically process and release this portion of the receptor into the medium. The release of the extracellular domain may have implications in oncogenesis and its detection could prove useful as a cancer diagnostic.     

Biodistribution and radioimmunotherapy of human breast cancer xenografts with radiometal-labeled DOTA conjugated anti-HER2/neu antibody 4D5

HER2/neu oncogene encodes a 185 kDa trans-membrane protein which is overexpressed in 20-30% of breast and ovarian cancers and portends a poor prognosis. We have studied the targeting and therapy of this oncoprotein with 4D5, a murine monoclonal antibody which recognizes a distinct epitope on the extracelluar domain of HER2/neu. We conjugated the antibody with an active ester of the macrocyclic chelating agent DOTA, radiolabeled the conjugate with either (111)In or (90)Y, and studied the antibody distribution and therapy, respectively, in athymic mice bearing xenografts of MCF7/HER2/neu, a human breast cancer cell line transfected with the HER2/neu oncogene. For the biodistribution of (111)In-labeled DOTA-4D5, a high specificity of tumor localization (30% ID/g) was seen with a tumor-to-blood ratio of greater than 2 at 48 h postinjection. Compared to a previously published study with (125)I-labeled 4D5 in beige nude mice bearing NIH3T3/HER2/neu xenografts [De Santes et al. (1992) Cancer Res. 52, 1916-1923], (111)In-labeled 4D5 antibody gave superior antibody uptake in tumor (30% ID/g vs 17% ID/g at 48h). In the therapy study, treatment of the nude mice bearing MCF7/HER2/neu xenografts with 100 microCi (3 microg) of (90)Y-labeled DOTA-4D5 caused a 3-fold reduction of tumor growth compared to untreated controls (injected with human serum albumin) in 40 days. Treatment of animals with 100 microCi of nonspecific antibody (90)Y-labeled DOTA-Leu16 (3 microg) had no tumor growth inhibition. Treatment with unlabeled DOTA-4D5 (3 microg) had a slight effect on tumor growth compared to untreated controls. When analyzed at the level of single animals, no effect was seen in seven of nine animals; however, in two of the animals, tumor growth inhibition was observed. Although a cold antibody therapeutic effect was unexpected at this dose level (3 microg), it may be possible that in some animals that 3 microg of antibody of (90)Y-labeled DOTA-4D5 augmented tumor growth reduction. To further explore the effects of cold antibody treatment alone, animals were treated with 100 or 400 microg of unlabeled 4D5 administered in two doses. These animals showed a 1.7-1.8-fold reduction in tumor growth over 28 days, a result less than that obtained with RIT only.