开展院前检查合理缩短术前平均住院日的做法

通过成立院前准备中心,应用院前检查入院模式,优化院前入院流程,帮助缩短术前平均住院日和提高科室床位周转率,提升入院服务患者体验和满意度,推进医院质量内涵建设,实现提质增效。

     

周六手术在医院运行管理中的价值和意义

目的 通过开展周六手术,缩短病人平均术前等待日及平均住院日。在保证医疗质量的前提下,达到提高效率,增加产能的目的。方法 在多部门协作的基础上,开展周六手术,改变原有人力配置方式和手术流程,以配合周六手术的进行。结果 手术流程再造后,与之前同期相比术前等待日缩短25.00%, 月平均手术台次增加12.35%, 病人平均住院日降低9.22%。结论 开展周六手术,能缩短患者平均住院日和术前等待日,为患者节约宝贵的时间和金钱,在一定程度上解决了患者看病难、看病贵的问题,提高了医院的工作效率。     

某军队大型综合医院全麻择期手术流程的干预研究

手术室是为病人提供手术及抢救的场所,是医院的重要核心技术部门。手术室的正常、高效、科学运行关系到了所有外科科室及与手术相关科室的整体效率。因此,针对目前手术科室术前等待时间过长,手术台次安排低效的情况,通过对某军队大型三级甲等医院24 间手术室的全麻手术运行情况进行跟踪调查,运用专家咨询、调查问卷、头脑风暴等方法对手术运转流程进行分析并采取干预措施,破除制约手术科室的瓶颈,提高手术科室的效率。     

住院服务中心模式流程再造的探索与实践

通过推进电子化预约登记,整合“预约登记、安排入院、入院检查、出院随访”服务流程,以信息化统筹全院床位,再造了入院流程。住院服务中心模式的实施,缩短了患者入院前等候时间,简化入院手续办理和入院后检查检验流程,缩短患者平均住院日,提高了床位使用率。     

酒精性肝硬化患者不适当住院日影响因素分析

?????? 目的 测算酒精性肝硬化理论住院日,探究其影响因素,为制定临床路径提供依据。方法 收集418位患者资料,用住院日适当性评价方案对患者9 694个住院日进行逐一分析,测算酒精性肝硬化的理论住院日,然后用SPSS 20.0对不适当住院日进行单因素和多因素分析。结果 16.6%的住院日是不恰当的,等待检查报告和等待手术导致的不适当住院日占76.09%;术前等待日和肝功能Child-Pugh分级是影响不适当住院日的两大因素。结论 不适当住院日处于中间水平,应加强各科室之间的沟通协调,在医技科室和网络上加强管理是关键。     

基于信息系统的放射检查流程优化

目的 分析信息系统对检查流程优化的价值。方法 比较信息系统应用前后患者接受放射学检查的流程环节和耗费的时间。结果 信息系统应用前,患者需完成6个步骤,放射科进行7个步骤,整个流程均为手工纸质操作,流程时间1天半。信息系统应用后,患者完成5个步骤,放射科完成5个步骤,整个流程均为信息化操作,流程时间半天到1天。结论 信息系统可以减少放射检查流程环节,提高工作效率,减少病人检查时间。     

基于DRGs入组患者的平均住院日异常值研究

目的 分析DRGs入组患者中住院时间过长的原因。方法 提取2012年1—6月出院的5105例DRGs入组患者的病案资料,筛选出住院日超过标准平均住院日50%以上的病例,整理后得到有效数据146例,采用Excel 2007进行数据处理,SPSS 13.0进行统计分析。结果 导致患者住院日过高的原因主要是手术及操作禁忌、完善术前检查、术后并发症、患者高龄和并发症多。结论 提高医院各科室的工作效率和协调能力,预防院内感染,从而缩短患者的住院日,降低医疗费用,增加床位利用率。     

北京市三级医院手术安全核查管理现况调查

目的 调查不同医院的手术安全核查管理情况,以期建立手术安全核查标准作业流程。方法 以中国医院协会患者安全协作网北京组成员单位为研究对象,通过问卷调查方法分析手术安全核查制度和工作流程。结果 填写问卷的10家医院手术安全核查的工作流程不同,70%的医院核查督导结果未纳入科室绩效考核, 对于日常监管困难等管理不足表示认同。结论 手术安全核查管理中存在的问题主要有：缺乏统一的标准操作流程, 日常监管困难等,可以针对这些问题进行相应干预。     

超长住院日患者分布特征与影响因素分析

目的 分析新疆某三级甲等医院超长住院日患者分布情况及其影响因素。方法 采用Logistic回归模型。结果 费别、性别、病种、出院转归、是否转科与是否手术是住院日超长的影响因素。转科患者、手术患者以及病种是影响住院日超长的重要危险因素。结论 合理安排转科患者与手术流程,制定以病种为特点的平均住院日考核值能有效控制超长住院日,进而有效降低平均住院日。     

皮肤科门诊手术流程管理失效模式与效应分析

目的 探讨失效模式与效应分析在皮肤科肿物切除术门诊手术流程管理中的应用效果。方法 成立失效模式与效应分析工作小组,利用失效模式与效应分析（FMEA）,对皮肤科肿物切除门诊手术流程管理的问题进行失效模式的分析、评估与改进。结果 准确分析出皮肤科肿物切除术门诊手术流程管理中存在的术后照护模式不当、排队等候时间过长及门诊挂号流程复杂等问题,并针对失效模式与效应分析的问题提出要加强术后复诊流程标示、完善门诊挂号方式及流程等建议。结论FMEA可以很好地应用于皮肤科肿物切除术门诊手术流程的管理中,确保门诊手术流程的规范和医疗服务质量。     

乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素分析及其对术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量的影响

摘要 目的：分析乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素,并探讨术前焦虑对患者术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量的影响。方法：选择我院2020年3月~2021年12月期间收治的拟行乳腺癌根治术的120例患者作为研究对象,术前1 d采用焦虑自评量表（SAS）评估所有患者的焦虑状况,根据是否存在焦虑分为焦虑组和无焦虑组,乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的影响因素采用多因素Logistic回归分析。对比焦虑组和无焦虑组的术后恢复、细胞免疫功能和生命质量情况。结果：120例乳腺癌根治术患者中,有31例患者无术前焦虑,89例患者存在焦虑症状,根据是否存在术前焦虑分为焦虑组（n=89）和无焦虑组（n=31）。乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑与年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、付费方式、婚姻状况、家庭支持、既往有无全麻史、术前住院时长、定期体检有关（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明：年龄＜60岁、文化程度为小学及其以下、家庭人均月收入＜3000元、婚姻状况为未婚、无家庭支持、既往无全麻史、术前住院时长>1 d是乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑的危险因素（P<0.05）。焦虑组的术后首次肛门排气时间、首次下床活动时间、术后住院时间均长于无焦虑组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺水平升高,且无焦虑组高于焦虑组（P<0.05）,两组术后1个月CD8⁺水平下降,且无焦虑组低于焦虑组（P<0.05）。两组术后1个月生理状况、情感状况、社会/家庭状况、功能状况、附加关注评分和总分下降,且无焦虑组低于焦虑组（P<0.05）。结论：乳腺癌根治术患者术前焦虑发生率较高,其发生受到年龄、文化程度、家庭人均月收入、婚姻状况、家庭支持、既往有无全麻史、术前住院时长等多种因素的影响,可导致患者术后恢复时间延长,细胞免疫功能和生命质量降低。     

Reducing the risk of major elective surgery: randomised controlled trial of preoperative optimisation of oxygen delivery

ObjectivesTo determine whether preoperative optimisation of oxygen delivery improves outcome after major elective surgery, and to determine whether the inotropes, adrenaline and dopexamine, used to enhance oxygen delivery influence outcome.DesignRandomised controlled trial with double blinding between inotrope groups.SettingYork District Hospital, England.Subjects138 patients undergoing major elective surgery who were at risk of developing postoperative complications either because of the surgery or the presence of coexistent medical conditions.InterventionsPatients were randomised into three groups. Two groups received invasive haemodynamic monitoring, fluid, and either adrenaline or dopexamine to increase oxygen delivery. Inotropic support was continued during surgery and for at least 12 hours afterwards. The third group (control) received routine perioperative care.ResultsOverall, 3/92 (3%) preoptimised patients died compared with 8/46 controls (17%) (P=0.007). There were no differences in mortality between the treatment groups, but 14/46 (30%) patients in the dopexamine group developed complications compared with 24/46 (52%) patients in the adrenaline group (difference 22%, 95% confidence interval 2% to 41%) and 28 patients (61%) in the control group (31%, 11% to 50%). The use of dopexamine was associated with a decreased length of stay in hospital.ConclusionRoutine preoperative optimisation of patients undergoing major elective surgery would be a significant and cost effective improvement in perioperative care.

Key messages

• Major elective surgery in UK general hospitals still carries significant mortality and morbidity
• Preoperative administration of fluid and inotropes, guided by invasive monitoring, can significantly reduce mortality, morbidity, and length of hospital stay
• The choice of inotrope may influence the extent of improvements in outcome
• Routine preoperative optimisation would require initial investment in high dependency care facilities but is likely to be cost effective by reducing complications and length of hospital stay

     

E-PASS评分系统用于评估老龄患者消化道手术后并发症和转归的临床价值研究

目的:评价日常活动和手术应激评估(Estimation of physiologic ability and surgical stress,E-PASS)系统用于评估老龄患者消化道手术后并发症和转归的临床价值。方法:回顾性分析2011年7月至2013年7月西京医院消化外科所有65岁以上的患者的临床资料,计算其中行消化道手术者的E-PASS评分,并记录这些患者术后并发症的发生情况和患者术后的住院时间。分析E-PASS评分和几项该评分未涉及的因素与老龄患者消化道手术后并发症的发病率、死亡率、住院时间的相关性。结果:研究共纳入1236例老龄行消化道手术的患者,其中521例发生术后并发症(42.15%),8例死亡(0.65%)。患者术前E-PASS评分系统中,三项评分均与术后住院时间相关,术前风险评分(Preoperative risk score,PRS)和综合风险评分(Comprehensive risk score,CRS)与术后并发症的发病率和死亡率显著相关(P均0.05)。E-PASS评分系统未包含的指标中,麻醉方法与术后并发症发生和住院时间无关,术后入ICU、术中使用血管活性药物和急诊手术与术后发病率、死亡率和住院时间相关(P均0.05)。结论:E-PASS评分系统可用于预测老龄患者行消化道手术后并发症的发生情况和转归,纳入术后入ICU、术中使用血管活性药物和急诊手术三项指标可能进一步提高E-PASS评分系统的预测准确性。     

Preoperative muscle weakness as defined by handgrip strength and postoperative outcomes: a systematic review

Background

Reduced muscle strength- commonly characterized by decreased handgrip strength compared to population norms- is associated with numerous untoward outcomes. Preoperative handgrip strength is a potentially attractive real-time, non-invasive, cheap and easy-to-perform "bedside" assessment tool. Using systematic review procedure, we investigated whether preoperative handgrip strength was associated with postoperative outcomes in adults undergoing surgery.

Methods

PRISMA and MOOSE consensus guidelines for reporting systematic reviews were followed. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials (1980-2010) were systematically searched by two independent reviewers. The selection criteria were limited to include studies of preoperative handgrip strength in human adults undergoing non-emergency, cardiac and non-cardiac surgery. Study procedural quality was analysed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment score. The outcomes assessed were postoperative morbidity, mortality and hospital stay.

Results

Nineteen clinical studies (17 prospective; 4 in urgent surgery) comprising 2194 patients were identified between1980-2010. Impaired handgrip strength and postoperative morbidity were defined inconsistently between studies. Only 2 studies explicitly ensured investigators collecting postoperative outcomes data were blinded to preoperative handgrip strength test results. The heterogeneity of study design used and the diversity of surgical procedures precluded formal meta-analysis. Despite the moderate quality of these observational studies, lower handgrip strength was associated with increased morbidity (n = 10 studies), mortality (n = 2/5 studies) and length of hospital stay (n = 3/7 studies).

Conclusions

Impaired preoperative handgrip strength may be associated with poorer postoperative outcomes, but further work exploring its predictive power is warranted using prospectively acquired, objectively defined measures of postoperative morbidity.     

Practice of preoperative assessment by anaesthetists.

The practice of preoperative assessment in 24 departments of anaesthesia in Great Britain and Ireland was surveyed. Most departments had no rigid policies governing assessment, and many served several hospitals. There was little evidence that admission procedures of patients scheduled for surgery or the organisation of operating lists took account of the problems encountered by anaesthetists undertaking preoperative assessment. From the participating departments 415 anaesthetists completed a questionnaire of their individual practice. Most (57%) visited at least 80% of their patients preoperatively, but 22% saw less than 50% of patients. The detection of potential anaesthetic problems and the establishment of rapport with patients were highly rated reasons for conducting such visits. Failure to visit was often related to organisational defects within the hospital service, and anaesthetists saw little prospect of improving these defects. The demands created by the needs of preoperative assessment on the one hand, and the need for a rapid turnover of surgical patients and financial stringency on the other, conflict, and this conflict is not easily reconciled.     

微创ROI-C式椎间融合器在颈椎前路中的临床应用研究

目的:评价应用自稳型插片式椎间融合器(Zero notch self stabilizing cervical fusioncage, ROI-C)在颈椎前路患者中的临床疗效和安全性,并进一步找寻其优缺点。方法:回顾性分析自2017年6月至2018年6月在我院诊断为颈椎病并行颈前路椎间盘减压植骨融合内固定手术(Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF)的患者,共计84例。根据手术中使用内固定的不同,分为观察组(ROI-C组;48例)和对照组(常规融合器+钢板组;36例)。比较术后3天、1月,及12个月的VAS、JOA及Macnab评分。比较两组患者在手术中的情况(出血量,手术时间,住院时间等)的功能评分;在术后1年时比较两组患者的并发症情况。结果:在术后的各个时间截点的比较中,两组患者在VAS、JOA及Macnab评分中较术前均有显著性改善(P0.05),但两组间均无显著统计学差异(P0.05)。两组患者在最后一次(术后1年)的并发症的比较中未见显著性差异(P0.05)。观察组在手术中各项指标的比较中均显著优于对照组。结论:与传统的常规融合器-钢板ACDF治疗方法相比,自稳型插片式椎间融合器能够达到相似的治疗效果及安全性。但能够有效的减少手术时间及出血量,缩短住院时间,并有效提高患者术后的舒适度,在临床中可以进一步推广。     

临床路径在梗阻性分娩治疗中的应用分析

????????目的 制定梗阻性分娩临床路径标准,并对实施效果进行评价。方法 采取随机分组方法,对梗阻性分娩患者分为实验组（实施临床路径）和对照组（常规治疗）。结果 实验组与对照组患者在年龄、病情、文化程度、城乡分布无显著差异（P＞0.05）,术前住院时间、术后住院时间及总住院时间有显著性差异（P<0.05）,药费、处置费及总住院费用上有显著性差异（P<0.05）,两组之间的满意度无差异。结论 梗阻性分娩中实施临床路径管理,对缩短住院时间、降低和控制住院费用、提高患者满意度方面有着重要的作用,但在路径的实施过程中也存在一些有待改进的问题。     

Validez de la valoración subjetiva global como método de despistaje de desnutrición hospitalaria. Prevalencia de desnutrición en un hospital terciario

IntroductionHospital malnutrition is a highly prevalent problem that affects patient morbidity and mortality resulting in longer hospital stays and increased healthcare costs. Although there is no single nutritional screening method, subjective global assessment (SGA) may be a useful, inexpensive, and easily reproducible tool.MethodsA cross-sectional, observational, randomized study was conducted in 197 patients in a tertiary hospital. SGA, anthropometric data, and biochemical parameters were used to assess the nutritional status of study patients.ResultsFifty percent of subjects were malnourished according to SGA. A higher prevalence of malnutrition was found in medical (53%) as compared to surgical departments (47%). Half the subjects (50%) had malnutrition by SGA, but only 37.8% received nutritional treatment during their hospital stay. Mean hospital stay was longer for patients malnourished (13.5 days) or at risk of malnutrition (12.1 days) as compared to well nourished subjects (6.97 days). SGA significantly correlated (P < .012) with anthropometric and biochemical malnutrition parameters.ConclusionsPrevalence of hospital malnutrition is very high in both medical and surgical departments and is inadequately treated. SGA is a useful tool for screening hospital malnutrition because of its high degree of correlation with anthropometric and biochemical parameters.     

Prospective pricing and DRGs.

In the Congenital Heart Program at San Diego Children''s Hospital, alterations in medical practice have reduced costs without impairing quality or access. Pediatric cardiac catheterization was done in 483 consecutive elective patients without overnight hospital stay. Hospital readmission was required in one patient for psoas tendinitis. Avoiding overnight hospital stay minimized attendant risks of hospital care, lessened psychosocial trauma and reduced the average hospital bill by $493 (29%). Hospital stay was also reduced for elective surgical correction of congenital heart disease on a case-by-case basis. Review of 151 consecutive cases (1978 through 1982) showed a decrease in both preoperative days in hospital and postoperative days in an intensive care unit. The duration of the postoperative stay was shortened from 6.8 days in 1978-1979 to 4.4 days in 1982 (P <.05). No increase in morbidity and no mortality resulted from the shortened perioperative hospital stay. Financial savings from this process averaged $991 per procedure.Diagnostic tests were reassessed and many precatheterization laboratory tests were eliminated. Without change in new patients seen or surgical volume, the use of cardiac catheterization decreased from 241 procedures in 1981 to 161 in 1982 and the number of operations without catheterization increased (11 to 22, 1981 to 1982). No increase in surgical morbidity or mortality was found comparing those diagnosed only by echocardiography with those who had preoperative cardiac catheterization. The decrease of 80 catheterizations in one year resulted in a savings of $188,800.True cost containment (reducing cost without reducing quality) can be accomplished in congenital heart programs. Similar cost containments in other disciplines may also be achieved.