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暖通空调在我国的应用范围已十分广泛。随着人们居住环境越来越舒适的同时,暖通空调系统却不得不接受高能耗所带来的严峻考验。本文主要对城市暖通空调的节能减排措施相关问题进行了探讨。 相似文献
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目的 建立洁净区微生物数据库,为追溯洁净区微生物污染来源提供依据,为无菌药品生产过程控制提供有力指导.方法 对乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗生产车间洁净区环境和操作人员进行微生物负载检测,并对该车间注射用水、纯化水系统样品进行微生物限度检测,鉴别研究相应分离菌,建立洁净区微生物数据库.同时对乙型脑炎减毒活疫苗中间产品进行无菌检查检测,并对阳性结果分离菌进行鉴别分析.然后根据建立的洁净区微生物数据库对阳性结果举例进行溯源探讨分析.结果 洁净区环境和人员主要存在里拉/藤黄微球菌、人葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌以及科氏葡萄球菌科氏亚种等革兰阳性菌和蜡样芽胞杆菌等,水系统中则主要存在少动鞘氨醇单胞菌和铫子芽胞杆菌等.中间产品无菌阳性结果主要存在里拉/藤黄微球菌、蜡样芽胞杆菌以及奇异变形菌等,经调查分析,分别为操作过程中经环境偶然带入或试验动物操作不慎带入.结论 建立洁净区微生物数据库是追溯产品微生物污染来源的有效方法,能够为无菌药品GMP生产过程制定有效的控制措施提供依据,并使其更有针对性. 相似文献
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疲劳是由于环境因素引起的机体负荷过度、内环境紊乱的一种心理、生理现象,表现为对工作的厌倦情绪、工作效率的下降和疲劳感。工作疲倦感易影响护士的身心健康,使护士出现一系列生理、心理症状,如头痛、睡眠障碍、易激惹、易疲劳、注意力不集中等,导致护士身心疾病发病率增高。为了提高护理质量、提高护理效率、缓解护士的身心疲劳,对影响手术室护士疲劳的因素进行分析并提出相应对策。 相似文献
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自1976年美国首次发现军团病以来,人们意识到军团菌危害,并开始认识它的病原学及其致病原理等。国内外调查研究均表明,空调系统军团菌的污染情况已相当严重,且目前还没有有效的军团菌疫苗预防军团病,空气传播也使切断传播途径的措施难以实现,在流行病学上控制军团病发生的可行方案只有加强可能被污染水源的管理。因此,采用控制污染来源、加强卫生检测和采用有效的物理与化学消毒处理手段就显得尤为重要。为此,就公共场所空调系统中军团菌污染现状与控制措施作一综述。 相似文献
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目的了解急诊手术患者的心理状况,针对性做好手术期间的心理护理。方法针对急诊患者在手术室期间各阶段存在的不良心理状况给予心理护理干预,以增强患者战胜疾病的信心,保证手术顺利完成。结果通过心理护理,减轻了患者的心理压力,能主动配合手术治疗。结论为急诊手术患者提供及时必要的心理护理,能使患者消除紧张和恐惧心理,减少应激反应,确保手术顺利进行,同时可融洽医患关系,减少医患纠纷,缩短患者的住院时间。 相似文献
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目的探讨品管圈活动对手术室护士综合素质的影响。方法我科于2013年7~11月由8名护士自愿自发组圈开展品管圈活动,并对活动前后进行评分,分析实施品管圈活动后对护士综合素质的影响。结果 8名圈员护士对无形成果自我评分中,活动后成长分最低是1,最高是1.625。结论品管圈活动可提高手术室护士综合水平,对个人成长大有益处,值得在手术室护士中推广。 相似文献
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浅谈手术室护理工作中应注意的问题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
手术室是外科病人治疗疾病的重要场所。手术是通过侵入性操作为病人解除病痛。为伤员医治创伤的手段。随着医疗体制的改革,法律知识的普及,病人在就诊过程中的自我保护意识不断增强。对医疗保健水平的要求也随之增高.投诉和付诸法律的医疗纠纷呈上升趋势。这就对医务工作者提出了更高的要求。特别是手术室的工作涉及面广,工作节奏快,患者病情复杂.意外情况发生多,产生医疗纠纷甚至医疗事故的可能性大。一刀一剪,一针一线都是确保生命安全取得手术成功不可忽视的细节。作者根据多年的工作经验,对手术室护理工作中应注意的问题作一简述。 相似文献
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目的 分析眼科手术室患者感染危险因素,讨论感染风险管理对策。方法 回顾2017年7月至2018年8月我院眼科手术室患者的感染情况,分析感染危险因素并制定应对策略。结果 2017年7月至2018年8月我院共实施眼科手术1 987只眼,均未发生感染。空气污染,医疗器械污染,防控意识薄弱可能是患者发生感染的危险因素。结论 规范流程可以有效规避眼科手术感染,注重细节管理是预防眼科手术感染的关键。 相似文献
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Cristina Zanini Franco Severina Giovanni Lando Carlotta Fanizza Eugenio Cesana Davide Desidera Marco Bonifacio 《Biotechnology and bioengineering》2020,117(8):2319-2330
Advances in molecular biology and the possibility of differentiating stem cells have opened up new scenarios in therapies that use progenitor or variously differentiated cells. Regardless of the choice of the system, designing a plant for producing advanced therapies requires a clear understanding of the final objective (the product), taking into account all the regulatory, environment, process, risk assessment, asepsis, and validation aspects involved until its implementation. Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliant procedures are a prerequisite for cell production in clinical application, and clean rooms are zones for producing cell therapies. Clean rooms for clinical application require high running and maintenance costs and need trained operators and strict procedures to prepare the rooms and the people involved in the processes. While today production mainly occurs in open systems (clean rooms), there is evidence of processes in closed systems (isolators). The isolator is a Grade A aseptic closed system that requires a controlled environment and at least a Grade D environment in the case of sterile productions (A in D closed system). The use of isolators can ensure a very high level of protection against the risk of product contamination and, at the same time, provide the operators with a very safe working environment. Furthermore, working with closed systems can optimize and facilitate the production of Advanced Therapy Medical Products in GMP environments, by providing an easily reproducible working tool even for large-scale production, with generally lower costs compared to a classical clean room approach. In conclusion, the isolator workstation as a possible alternative to the classic clean room, due to its small size and the simplification of the working and maintenance operational procedures, may represent an interesting solution in the perspective of the increasingly more stringent requests for cost reductions of GMP in clinical application. 相似文献
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目的:了解手术室护士对外科手消毒相关知识的认知状况,为手术室管理者提供护士掌握外科手消毒知识的整体水平,以全面提高外科手消毒的效果。方法:自行设计的问卷对哈尔滨市8家三级甲等综合性医院手术室护士进外科手消毒相关知识的认知调查。结果:目前手术室护士掌握外科手消毒相关知识的状况不容乐观,共20个被调查问题,回答正确率平均为49.85%;工作年限、第一学历、职称、学习过《医务人员手卫生规范》、消毒重要性的认识对答题结果的影响具有统计学意义(P0.05),表现为工作年限时间越长、第一学历越低、职称越高、学习过《医务人员手卫生规范》的、认为外科手术消毒重要的护士理论知识掌握情况越好。结论:被调查者自主学习较差,手术室管理者应当注重和加强手术室护士的外科手消毒专题学习培训与考核,理论与实践相结合,不断探索长期、可持续的培训教育模式,管理者制定与临床工作相结合并且适合不同学历背景和年资护士的培训方式和学习计划。充分调动护士的自我管理意识,建立外科手消毒\"品管圈\",分析和解决问题,使手术室的护理质量在持续的改进中得到不断提高。 相似文献
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Christine Moissl-Eichinger 《The ISME journal》2011,5(2):209-219
The presence and role of Archaea in artificial, human-controlled environments is still unclear. The search for Archaea has been focused on natural biotopes where they have been found in overwhelming numbers, and with amazing properties. However, they are considered as one of the major group of microorganisms that might be able to survive a space flight, or even to thrive on other planets. Although still concentrating on aerobic, bacterial spores as a proxy for spacecraft cleanliness, space agencies are beginning to consider Archaea as a possible contamination source that could affect future searches for life on other planets. This study reports on the discovery of archaeal 16S rRNA gene signatures not only in US American spacecraft assembly clean rooms but also in facilities in Europe and South America. Molecular methods revealed the presence of Crenarchaeota in all clean rooms sampled, while signatures derived from methanogens and a halophile appeared only sporadically. Although no Archaeon was successfully enriched in our multiassay cultivation approach thus far, samples from a European clean room revealed positive archaeal fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) signals of rod-shaped microorganisms, representing the first visualization of Archaea in clean room environments. The molecular and visual detection of Archaea was supported by the first quantitative PCR studies of clean rooms, estimating the overall quantity of Archaea therein. The significant presence of Archaea in these extreme environments in distinct geographical locations suggests a larger role for these microorganisms not only in natural biotopes, but also in human controlled and rigorously cleaned environments. 相似文献
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PurposeThis study aimed to characterize the radiation exposure to patients and workers in a new vascular hybrid operating room during X-ray-guided procedures.MethodsDuring one year, data from 260 interventions performed in a hybrid operating room equipped with a Siemens Artis Zeego angiography system were monitored. The patient doses were analysed using the following parameters: radiation time, kerma-area product, patient entrance reference point dose and peak skin dose. Staff radiation exposure and ambient dose equivalent were also measured using direct reading dosimeters and thermoluminescent dosimeters.ResultsThe radiation time, kerma-area product, patient entrance reference point dose and peak skin dose were, on average, 19:15 min, 67 Gy·cm2, 0.41 Gy and 0.23 Gy, respectively. Although the contribution of the acquisition mode was smaller than 5% in terms of the radiation time, this mode accounted for more than 60% of the effective dose per patient. All of the worker dose measurements remained below the limits established by law.ConclusionsThe working conditions in the hybrid operating room HOR are safe in terms of patient and staff radiation protection. Nevertheless, doses are highly dependent on the workload; thus, further research is necessary to evaluate any possible radiological deviation of the daily working conditions in the HOR. 相似文献