构建医疗质量决策平台 促进精细化管理

信息技术为医院全面质量管理提供了巨大支持。本文通过建立医疗质量决策平台对医院终末质量管理进行提升。利用来自各环节医疗活动的数据,通过融合、加工、分析,获得医疗质量相关指标,并通过图形化报表工具进行展现,为医疗质量控制和精细化管理提供了决策依据。     

基于医疗信息技术的医疗质量管理研究

对医疗质量管理的概念、结构和医疗信息技术进行了介绍,分析了信息化环境下进行医疗质量管理的优势,着重探讨了基于医疗信息技术的医疗质量管理,提出了基于医疗信息技术的医疗质量管理体系和业务流程,并阐述了管理时应注意的问题。     

门诊信息化和医疗服务保障体系联合应用效果分析

?????? 目的 探讨门诊信息化和SAFE-CARE体系在提升门诊优质服务水平中的作用。方法 总结1年多来门诊信息化建设和SAFE-CARE体系在提升门诊医疗服务水平中的经验。结果 门诊信息化为医院门诊医疗服务提供了高效的作业工具,提高了就诊效率;SAFE-CARE体系保障了医疗安全和医疗质量,提升了医院管理水平。结论 门诊信息化和SAFE-CARE体系式联合应用是解决群众“看病难和看好病”的重要举措。     

“先看病后付费”医疗服务改革效果调查与分析

目的 比较济宁市各级各类医疗机构的医疗服务、质量、效率、费用等关键要素变化,为完善“先看病后付费”诊疗服务模式提供参考依据。方法 选取济宁市266家各级各类医疗机构为调查对象,采用自行设计的“济宁市‘先看病后付费’工作推广效果评估调查表”进行问卷调查,同时分层抽样15家医院进行现场访谈。结果 济宁市享受“先看病后付费”住院患者惠及率达到59.45%,年增加37.29%;全市各级各类医疗机构全面实施了此项制度,二级及以下医疗机构惠及率高于三级医疗机构,分别达到77.18%、63.71%。结论 “先看病后付费”服务模式改革,满足了群众医疗需求,医保（新农合）住院患者总费用得到合理控制,患者自付就医经济负担进一步减轻。为规避风险,提出解决垫付资金和恶意欠费问题解决方案。     

基于医疗服务绩效信息透明的质量促进效果研究综述

利用描述性综述的方法,总结近10年来医疗服务绩效信息透明对医疗质量促进效果,根据纳入排除标准检索Web of Knowledge、Pubmed等数据库,最终纳入31篇密切相关文献。结果表明,国外一般通过医疗报告卡或网站向公众公开医疗服务绩效信息,改善了医疗服务行为,但对病人选择服务提供者和临床结果的改善作用有限。我国应制定相关政策,推动医疗服务绩效信息向更广泛的使用者公开,引导病人利用医疗服务绩效信息选择医疗服务提供者。     

持续质量改进预防产后乳房胀痛的效果评价

产后乳房肿胀又称产后乳房过度充盈,是指因乳腺管不通畅或乳头凹陷等因素导致乳汁分泌不畅,引起乳房胀痛、充盈、饱满[1].产后乳房胀痛是临床上较常见的产妇产褥期并发症之一,若处理不当,还可导致急性乳腺炎,给产妇带来身心上的痛苦,影响母乳喂养的开展和母婴亲密关系的建立[2].预防产妇产后乳房胀痛是产科护理工作之一,也是体现产科护理质量的重要标志,因此我科将持续质量改进方法用于产科护理,以促进护理质量不断提高.现就持续质量改进在产科预防产后乳房胀痛中的应用效果报告如下.     

医疗质量与安全信息化监管系统架构研究

随着医疗信息技术的发展和使用,运用信息化手段开展医疗质量与安全精准化监管正在被越来越多的医院管理者所重视和接受。文章从组织保障体系建设、总体框架设计、基础数据库的标准化、主要监管内容筛选及电子病历系统等方面对医疗质量与安全信息化监管系统总体建设机构进行研究和讨论,期望能够指导医院充分利用和发挥医疗信息技术的优势,建立医疗质量与安全信息化监管系统,为制定质量管理持续改进的目标与评价改进的效果提供依据。     

基于病史督查医院医疗安全质量问题的分析

目的 探讨通过加强卫生监督推进医疗机构提高医疗安全质量。方法 抽取上海市长宁区内二甲以上综合医院运转病历,从住院病历基本书写项目,有创操作记录、特殊检查、特殊治疗、病危（重）等告知,手术病历相关内容,医疗安全相关制度执行情况等4个方面进行督查评估。结果 抽查病历124份,手术病历涉及普外科等4个专业;涵盖“有创操作、特殊检查、特殊治疗、病危（重）告知”等项目的病历涉及心内科等5个专业,均存在问题。结论 对易发生问题的专业进行广覆盖、常态化的医疗安全监管是促使医疗机构提高医疗质量的有效手段。     

阻碍医疗服务质量改善的内生性障碍

医疗行业的内生性障碍决定了改善服务质量的困难,使医疗服务质量的提升水平低于其他行业。通过描述内生性障碍的表现,分析约束条件下的改进措施,制订能够激发组织主动性的政策是取得有价值效果的前提。

     

Clinical Decision Support: Effectiveness in Improving Quality Processes and Clinical Outcomes and Factors That May Influence Success

The use of electronic health records has skyrocketed following the 2009 HITECH Act, which provides financial incentives to health care providers for the “meaningful use” of electronic medical record systems. An important component of the “Meaningful Use” legislation is the integration of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) into the computerized record, providing up-to-date medical knowledge and evidence-based guidance to the physician at the point of care. As reimbursement is increasingly tied to process and clinical outcomes, CDSS will be integral to future medical practice. Studies of CDSS indicate improvement in preventive services, appropriate care, and clinical and cost outcomes with strong evidence for CDSS effectiveness in process measures. Increasing provider adherence to CDSS recommendations is essential in improving CDSS effectiveness, and factors that influence adherence are currently under study.     

腓骨柱植骨支撑固定防治股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死的机理和临床疗效

目的:探讨腓骨柱植骨支撑固定防治股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死机理研究和临床疗效。方法:随访符合标准的56例患者,记录骨折的Garden分型、内固定的全程稳定性、股骨头坏死的发生和演变等指标,并采用SPSS18.0进行统计分析。结果:56例患者均恢复解剖复位,在术后3-6月骨折愈合,平均4个月,愈合率为100%;Harris功能评分51-100分,平均分为84.6分,其中优者(≥90.0分)37髋,良者(80.0~89.9分)14髋,中者(70.0~79.9分)者1髋,差者(70.0分)4髋,Harris功能评分优良率为91.10%,没有发生内固定失效和骨折不愈合;22例根据MRI表现出股骨头坏死症状,坏死率39.30%,其中17例影像学坏死能够在随访期内维持为ARCOⅠ-Ⅱ期或者完全修复。其余的5例进展为临床坏死;晚期出现塌陷4例(7.15%)。Garden Ⅰ、Ⅱ级和GardenⅢ、Ⅳ级相比较,两组股骨头坏死率有统计学差异(P0.05),且两组的晚期塌陷率比较也有统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:空心加压螺钉与腓骨柱的所具有的生物力学稳定效能,能提供全程可靠的抗挤压、抗拉伸及抗旋转三维度稳定性,可以提供强大的机械稳定性;同时腓骨柱具有较强的生物学修复能力,为股骨头骨头血运重建和坏死区修复持续稳定的血供及持续有效的生物学修复能力。生物学愈合后腓骨柱在软骨下形成一个较大接触面积的支撑效果,可以预防股骨头坏死后塌陷。     

临床路径与诊断相关组——预付款制度的关系深析

诊断相关组——预付款制度被越来越多的国家和地区应用到医疗管理领域中。中国经过多年的探索和研究,以新一轮医药卫生体制改革为契机,部分省市（如北京）的健康保健部门有计划地将诊断相关组——预付款制度应用到医疗费用管理中,然而对于诊断相关组——预付款制度与临床路径的关系仍然存在热议。着重研究诊断相关组——预付款制度与临床路径的内涵和实质,分析二者之间的内在联系,并在此基础上提出促进二者协调发展的建议。     

Measuring and improving the quality of mental health care: a global perspective

Mental disorders are common worldwide, yet the quality of care for these disorders has not increased to the same extent as that for physical conditions. In this paper, we present a framework for promoting quality measurement as a tool for improving quality of mental health care. We identify key barriers to this effort, including lack of standardized information technology‐based data sources, limited scientific evidence for mental health quality measures, lack of provider training and support, and cultural barriers to integrating mental health care within general health environments. We describe several innovations that are underway worldwide which can mitigate these barriers. Based on these experiences, we offer several recommendations for improving quality of mental health care. Health care payers and providers will need a portfolio of validated measures of patient‐centered outcomes across a spectrum of conditions. Common data elements will have to be developed and embedded within existing electronic health records and other information technology tools. Mental health outcomes will need to be assessed more routinely, and measurement‐based care should become part of the overall culture of the mental health care system. Health care systems will need a valid way to stratify quality measures, in order to address potential gaps among subpopulations and identify groups in most need of quality improvement. Much more attention should be devoted to workforce training in and capacity for quality improvement. The field of mental health quality improvement is a team sport, requiring coordination across different providers, involvement of consumer advocates, and leveraging of resources and incentives from health care payers and systems.     

87例系统性硬化症患者健康相关生活质量的评价与分析

目的:采用short-form 36(SF-36)量表评估87例系统性硬化症患者的健康相关生活质量(HRQOL),与健康人群的生活质量进行比较,评价系统性硬化症患者的病情变化情况及预后。方法:在搜集人口学信息及临床信息的基础上,对87例系统性硬化症患者(45例局限型、42例弥漫型)及50例健康对照进行SF-36量表的自评打分;统计学方法计算与比较患者组与对照组的得分情况。结果:SF-36量表的各项计分中,局限型组与弥漫型组在生理机能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、一般健康状况、精力、社会功能、情感职能、精神健康状况等各项得分均低于正常对照组,其中弥漫型组得分更低;健康变化一项得分不具有差异。结论:系统性硬化症患者(局限型、弥漫型)与健康人群比较,生活质量均存在不同程度的下降。这种下降与病情严重程度、生理机能下降情况、躯体疼痛程度、心理状况变化及社会适应能力减退等存在显著关联性。     

In the Shadows of Medicine and Modernity: Medical Integration and Secular Histories of Religious Healing in Turkey

Building upon the World Health Organization's recent publication WHO Strategy for Traditional Medicine (WHO 2002), this paper examines the historical position of "traditional medicines" at their intersection with the development and modernization of a biomedically based health care system in Turkey. This paper considers how the historical development of Turkey's health care system, as a prominent site for the articulation of the state's broader modernization project, sustained particular formulations of subjectivity and citizenship that were defined in opposition to a set of cultural practices and modes of religious-political authority represented by "traditional medicines." Consequently, projects and policies seeking to formally integrate "complementary" or "alternative" therapies directly confront this past and the various ways in which it is reenacted in constituting the present.     

Use of the Health and Activities Limitation Index as a Measure of Quality of Life in Obesity

Objective: Obesity reduces the quality of life (QOL); however, quantification of obesity's impact on QOL is cumbersome. Utility indices reduce QOL measurements to a single numerical value that can be used in the calculation of Quality‐Adjusted Life‐Years and the cost effectiveness for obesity treatment. The purpose of this investigation is to assess the sensitivity of the Health and Activities Limitation Index (HALex) utility index to obesity. Research Methods and Procedures: The answers to five questions regarding an individual's self‐perception of his or her health status and information about limitation in daily and work activities were collected from 32,440 adults in the 1998 National Health Information Survey. Answers to the questions were scored and converted to a utility index score ranging from 0 (near‐death state) to 1 (perfect health) with no limitations. Average values for indices corresponding to differing body mass indices were obtained and significance determined by ANOVA. Results: The utility index for normal weight males and females was 0.86 ± 0.19 and fell to 0.68 ± 0.27 for superobese males and 0.60 ± 0.28 in superobese females. Utility indices fell linearly with increasing body mass index and were lower for respondents having obesity‐related comorbid conditions known to reduce the quality of life. Discussion: There is a statistically significant decrease in the QOL with increasing obesity, slightly worse for women compared with men. The Health and Activities Limitation Index can quantitate the effect obesity and its complications have on quality of life.     

Clinical Applicability of Patient- and Clinician-Reported Outcome Tools in the Management of Patients With Acromegaly

ObjectiveWe aimed to assess treatment outcomes and disease control status in patients with acromegaly using patient- and clinician-reported outcome tools and to analyze correlations among different components of both tools.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 72 patients from a national referral center with a median follow-up of 8 (5-12) years. The baseline SAGIT score at diagnosis was determined retrospectively, whereas the follow-up SAGIT and acromegaly quality of life questionnaire (AcroQoL) results were assessed at the most recent visit and by additional telephone interviews.ResultsAll SAGIT subscores decreased significantly from baseline to follow-up (global score from 14 to 4 [P < .001]). The SAGIT scores at baseline did not discriminate the current disease control status. However, a higher baseline SAGIT score and subscore T were associated with uncontrolled disease after the first-line treatment. Diagnostic delay was correlated with baseline S, A, G, and global SAGIT scores. At the follow-up, the global SAGIT score discriminated between cured/controlled and uncontrolled groups (4 vs 6 [P = .007]). The AcroQoL score was 69.3, with the personal relations subscale being the least affected and the physical scale being the most affected. There was no difference in the AcroQoL score between patients classified as uncontrolled or cured/controlled. At baseline and follow-up, there were significant negative correlations between S and A subscores and AcroQoL score. A higher body mass index, the presence of swelling, joint symptoms, headaches, sleep apnea, and hypertension significantly impaired quality of life.ConclusionOur results emphasize the complementary nature of the patient- and clinician-reported outcome tools in acromegaly management. We identified modifiable signs, symptoms, and comorbidities as treatment targets that might help clinicians improve quality of life in this population.     

Fecundity and egg distribution of the herbivore Spodoptera pectinicornis as influenced by quality of the floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes

We determined the influence of larval host quality of the floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) on the fecundity and egg distribution of the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Different nutritional levels were produced by growing plants with relatively low and high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Female and male pupal biomass were significantly greater when the larvae were fed leaves from the high fertilizer plants. Although the fertilizer treatments did not significantly influence total fecundity, there was an indirect effect as adults from larger pupae were more fecund. Regardless of treatment, ovipositing females formed a depression in the leaf surface by removing trichomes into which they deposited the egg masses. Most of the egg masses were laid on the lower leaf surface, on leaf positions 5–8 (counting from the young inner to the outer leaves) and during days 1–2 post-eclosion. Most of the eggs were laid in masses but about 12% were solitary. Females fed the low fertilizer treatment laid a greater proportion (mean ± s.e.) of their eggs as solitary eggs (17.3 ± 3.4% of total eggs) than did females fed the high fertilizer treatment (8.3 ± 2.3% of total eggs). The increased percentage of solitary eggs laid by the females from the low quality larval diet may be an adaptive response to decrease competition among the progeny.     

Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes With Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors and Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors Combination Therapy: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Cardiovascular Outcome Trials

ObjectiveThe cardiovascular (CV) and renal benefits of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in people with type 2 diabetes are well known. However, similar beneficial effects of SGLT2i in combination with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4i) are unknown. It is of interest to explore a trial-level meta-analysis to fill this knowledge gap.MethodsA literature search was conducted in the PubMed and Embase databases until January 31, 2023. All CV outcome trials (CVOTs) reporting the CV and renal outcomes of SGLT2i with or without background DPP4i therapy against the placebo were retrieved. A meta-analysis was subsequently conducted by applying the inverse variance-weighted averages of pooled logarithmic hazard ratio using primarily random-effects analysis.ResultsThis meta-analysis showed that the beneficial 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events composite (3 CVOTs; N = 32 418), the composite of CV death or heart failure hospitalization (hHF) (4 CVOTs; N = 37 687), hHF (3 CVOTs; N = 27 545), CV death (4 CVOTs; N = 34 565), and renal outcomes (2 CVOTs; N = 25 406) with SGLT2i were similar with or without background DPP4i therapy against the placebo (P_{heterogeneity} = .71, .07, .87, .72, and .25; respectively). However, against the placebo, the summary estimates for the 3-point major adverse cardiovascular events composite, hHF, and renal outcomes were stronger with SGLT2i alone, whereas the summary estimates for CV death or hHF composite were larger with SGLT2i with background DPP4i therapy.ConclusionBeneficial CV and renal effects of SGLT2i are similar against the placebo regardless of background DPP4i therapy.