医师服务能力评价指标体系研究综述

?????? 目的 综述当前医师服务能力、绩效考核与评价指标体系的研究文献,归纳和总结设计原则、研究方法和指标体系内容,分析存在的问题,提出完善医师服务能力评价指标体系的建议。方法 运用文献回顾法进行综述研究。结果 目前,医师服务能力评价指标体系可以归纳为3种模式,分别为医师工作能力/绩效考核指标体系、临床医师绩效评价指标体系和住院医师规范化培训考核指标体系。结论 医师服务能力、绩效评价和规范化考核指标体系日益形成,但评价指标有待完善。建议结合我国医师服务能力评价现状,借鉴miller金字塔能力评价模型和素质洋葱模型,充分发挥计算机和网络技术的作用,促进医师服务能力的提高。     

构建医院职能部门绩效评价指标体系初探

绩效评价指标体系是医院职能部门绩效评价系统的核心构成要素,针对目前某三甲医院职能部门在绩效评价方面存在的问题,结合医院管理的实践,建议运用平衡计分卡,从客户评价、业绩体现、内部管理、学习与成长4个维度初步构建绩效评价体系。     

公立医院绩效评价PATH优化模型指标体系的构建

目的 构建适用于三级公立医院的绩效评价体系,为医院开展绩效考核与管理工作提供决策参考。方法 应用文献法、个人访谈法和头脑风暴法构建评价模型和初始指标库,运用德尔菲法和层次分析法确定指标权重。结果 运用医院质量改进的绩效评价工具（The Performance Assessment Tool for Quality Improvement in Hospitals,PATH）理念构建了以病人为中心、以员工为导向、临床效率效果、运营表现、响应治理、卓越提升6个核心维度的三级公立医院绩效评价体系。结论 指标体系的可信程度较高、权威性高、具有较好的适用性。

     

大型综合医院科研绩效评价指标体系的构建研究

目的 为大型综合医院构建较为科学合理的科研绩效评价指标体系。方法 采用德尔菲法获得大型综合医院科研绩效评价的指标体系,运用层次分析法对各级指标进行权重的确定。结果 建立了大型综合医院科研绩效评价指标体系,其中一级指标2个,二级指标12个,三级指标40个。结论 构建的医院科研评价指标体系具有科学性、可操作性,可以作为评估医院科研绩效的工具。     

医院战略性绩效评价指标体系研究

目的 基于医院战略,构建同医院战略相匹配的绩效评价指标体系。方法 运用Delphi法对绩效指标体系进行全面的筛选与整理,利用层次分析法来确定绩效指标体系的各级指标的权重。结果 设计出最能反映医院绩效的12个方面共50个指标,构建了以战略为导向的医院绩效评价指标体系。结论 基于医院战略的绩效评价,有利于提升医院核心竞争力,促进医院战略的实现。     

地下水生态系统健康评价指标体系的构建

地下水生态系统是重要的生态系统类型,由于地下水资源不合理的开发利用和污染物排放强度的增大、并长期积累,已导致许多地方产生生态环境劣变,甚至酿成难以弥补的严重后果,地下水生态系统健康问题已经成为许多国家和地区重点关注的环境问题之一.在科学把握地下水生态系统健康的概念和内涵的基础上,从系统结构特征、生态功能、资源功能、系统保护以及社会环境等5个方面选取了29个典型指标构建了地下水生态系统健康指标体系,对关键评价指标的意义进行了具体分析.出于服务于地下水生态系统健康评价的目的,对重要指标的评价标准进行了划分,并探讨了地下水生态系统健康评价的主要方法及发展方向,研究成果在一定程度上可以丰富生态系统健康评价研究理论与方法体系.     

黑龙江省县级医院绩效评价指标体系构建研究

目的 构建适用于黑龙江省县级医院的绩效评价模型和指标体系,为县级医院开展绩效评价、改善绩效管理提供决策参考。方法 应用文献分析法和专题小组讨论法构建评价模型和初始指标库,运用专家咨询法筛选评价指标并确定指标权重。结果 运用关键绩效指标理念构建了以工作质量、工作效率、医疗费用、综合管理及满意度评价为核心维度的县级医院绩效评价模型及指标体系。结论 指标体系的可信程度较高,能有效反映县级医院绩效管理的核心环节。     

基于RBRVS的临床医师绩效分配模式指标体系构建研究

目的 构建科学的临床医师绩效分配模式,着力体现医师技术劳务价值。方法 综合运用文献研究法、专家咨询法、关键绩效指标法构建评价指标体系,利用非参数检验对专家评价数据进行统计分析。结果 构建了基于资源消耗为基础的价值评估体系医师绩效分配模式,重点突出医师技术劳务价值。结论 构建的指标体系能有效评估各诊疗项目中资源投入情况,可有效测量医师在医疗服务过程中的劳动付出,对于形成科学的绩效分配机制有重要意义。     

临床医师工作考核模型的构建

?????? 目的 构建医师临床工作考核指标体系。方法 文献法与问卷调查法相结合确定评估指标,层次分析法确定指标权重,并通过模拟评估加以验证完善。结果 医师责任心、管理危重病人例数、收治疑难病种例数等指标为医师临床工作重要评估指标。结论 涵盖有职业素质、临床工作数量、质量等内容的医师临床工作考核模型,内容较系统、全面、操作性强,对医师临床工作及医师队伍建设具有重要的指导意义。     

鸟类肌肉系统研究综述

鸟类肌肉的结构与功能在系统进化研究方面有重要的意义,一直是鸟类形态学研究的重点之一.深入进行比较研究不仅可以解释结构、功能的相关以及形态与生态的适应,而且还可以为进化、系统分类等方面的研究提供有价值的依据.     

Quality Indicators for Safe Medication Preparation and Administration: A Systematic Review

Background

One-third of all medication errors causing harm to hospitalized patients occur in the medication preparation and administration phase, which is predominantly a nursing activity. To monitor, evaluate and improve the quality and safety of this process, evidence-based quality indicators can be used.

Objectives

The aim of study was to identify evidence-based quality indicators (structure, process and outcome) for safe in-hospital medication preparation and administration.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched for relevant studies published up to January 2015. Additionally, nine databases were searched to identify relevant grey literature. Two reviewers independently selected studies if (1) the method for quality indicator development combined a literature search with expert panel opinion, (2) the study contained quality indicators on medication safety, and (3) any of the quality indicators were applicable to hospital medication preparation and administration. A multidisciplinary team appraised the studies independently using the AIRE instrument, which contains four domains and 20 items. Quality indicators applicable to in-hospital medication preparation and administration were extracted using a structured form.

Results

The search identified 1683 studies, of which 64 were reviewed in detail and five met the inclusion criteria. Overall, according to the AIRE domains, all studies were clear on purpose; most of them applied stakeholder involvement and used evidence reasonably; usage of the indicator in practice was scarcely described. A total of 21 quality indicators were identified: 5 structure indicators (e.g. safety management and high alert medication), 11 process indicators (e.g. verification and protocols) and 5 outcome indicators (e.g. harm and death). These quality indicators partially cover the 7 rights.

Conclusion

Despite the relatively small number of included studies, the identified quality indicators can serve as an excellent starting point for further development of nursing specific quality indicators for medication safety. Especially on the right patient, right route, right time and right documentation there is room future development of quality indicators.     

Assessment of Trust in Physician: A Systematic Review of Measures

Over the last decades, trust in physician has gained in importance. Studies have shown that trust in physician is associated with positive health behaviors in patients. However, the validity of empirical findings fundamentally depends on the quality of the measures in use. Our aim was to provide an overview of trust in physician measures and to evaluate the methodological quality of the psychometric studies and the quality of psychometric properties of identified measures. We conducted an electronic search in three databases (Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo). The secondary search strategy included reference and citation tracking of included full texts and consultation of experts in the field. Retrieved records were screened independently by two reviewers. Full texts that reported on testing of psychometric properties of trust in physician measures were included in the review. Study characteristics and psychometric properties were extracted. We evaluated the quality of design, methods and reporting of studies with the COnsensus based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. The quality of psychometric properties was assessed with Terwee’s 2007 quality criteria. After screening 3284 records and assessing 169 full texts for eligibility, fourteen studies on seven trust in physician measures were included. Most of the studies were conducted in the USA and used English measures. All but one measure were generic. Sample sizes range from 25 to 1199 participants, recruited in very heterogeneous settings. Quality assessments revealed several flaws in the methodological quality of studies. COSMIN scores were mainly fair or poor. The overall quality of measures’ psychometric properties was intermediate. Several trust in physician measures have been developed over the last years, but further psychometric evaluation of these measures is strongly recommended. The methodological quality of psychometric property studies could be improved by adhering to quality criteria like the COSMIN checklist.     

Strategies for Tobacco Control in India: A Systematic Review

Background

Tobacco control needs in India are large and complex. Evaluation of outcomes to date has been limited.

Aim

To review the extent of tobacco control measures, and the outcomes of associated trialled interventions, in India.

Methods

Information was identified via database searches, journal hand-searches, reference and citation searching, and contact with experts. Studies of any population resident in India were included. Studies where outcomes were not yet available, not directly related to tobacco use, or not specific to India, were excluded. Pre-tested proformas were used for data extraction and quality assessment. Studies with reliability concerns were excluded from some aspects of analysis. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) was use as a framework for synthesis. Heterogeneity limited meta-analysis options. Synthesis was therefore predominantly narrative.

Results

Additional to the Global Tobacco Surveillance System data, 80 studies were identified, 45 without reliability concerns. Most related to education (FCTC Article 12) and tobacco-use cessation (Article 14). They indicated widespread understanding of tobacco-related harm, but less knowledge about specific consequences of use. Healthcare professionals reported low confidence in cessation assistance, in keeping with low levels of training. Training for schoolteachers also appeared suboptimal. Educational and cessation assistance interventions demonstrated positive impact on tobacco use. Studies relating to smoke-free policies (Article 8), tobacco advertisements and availability (Articles 13 and 16) indicated increasingly widespread smoke-free policies, but persistence of high levels of SHS exposure, tobacco promotions and availability—including to minors. Data relating to taxation/pricing and packaging (Articles 6 and 11) were limited. We did not identify any studies of product regulation, alternative employment strategies, or illicit trade (Articles 9, 10, 15 and 17).

Conclusions

Tobacco-use outcomes could be improved by school/community-based and adult education interventions, and cessation assistance, facilitated by training for health professionals and schoolteachers. Additional tobacco control measures should be assessed.     

A Systematic Review of Mapping Strategies for the Sonification of Physical Quantities

The field of sonification has progressed greatly over the past twenty years and currently constitutes an established area of research. This article aims at exploiting and organizing the knowledge accumulated in previous experimental studies to build a foundation for future sonification works. A systematic review of these studies may reveal trends in sonification design, and therefore support the development of design guidelines. To this end, we have reviewed and analyzed 179 scientific publications related to sonification of physical quantities. Using a bottom-up approach, we set up a list of conceptual dimensions belonging to both physical and auditory domains. Mappings used in the reviewed works were identified, forming a database of 495 entries. Frequency of use was analyzed among these conceptual dimensions as well as higher-level categories. Results confirm two hypotheses formulated in a preliminary study: pitch is by far the most used auditory dimension in sonification applications, and spatial auditory dimensions are almost exclusively used to sonify kinematic quantities. To detect successful as well as unsuccessful sonification strategies, assessment of mapping efficiency conducted in the reviewed works was considered. Results show that a proper evaluation of sonification mappings is performed only in a marginal proportion of publications. Additional aspects of the publication database were investigated: historical distribution of sonification works is presented, projects are classified according to their primary function, and the sonic material used in the auditory display is discussed. Finally, a mapping-based approach for characterizing sonification is proposed.     

基于主诊医师负责制的住院绩效考核模式探讨

目的 建立主诊医师负责制下的住院绩效分配新模式,以适应医药分开改革的新要求。方法 探索基于医疗成果产出的岗位绩效管理考核和分配新制度,重点激励各主诊医师组医疗产出的工作量和工作难度,促使各主诊医师组增加服务量、提高技术水平和诊治疾病的难度。结果 以某科室各主诊医师组为例,从科室管理、团队建设、学科发展、工作效率等角度分析医改前后转变。结论 重点激励分配制度,逐步被医务人员所接受,并取得较为明显的成效。     

Leading Indicators and the Evaluation of the Performance of Alerts for Influenza Epidemics

Background

Most evaluations of epidemic thresholds for influenza have been limited to internal criteria of the indicator variable. We aimed to initiate discussion on appropriate methods for evaluation and the value of cross-validation in assessing the performance of a candidate indicator for influenza activity.

Methods

Hospital records of in-patients with a diagnosis of confirmed influenza were extracted from the Canadian Discharge Abstract Database from 2003 to 2011 and aggregated to weekly and regional levels, yielding 7 seasons and 4 regions for evaluation (excluding the 2009 pandemic period). An alert created from the weekly time-series of influenza positive laboratory tests (FluWatch, Public Health Agency of Canada) was evaluated against influenza-confirmed hospitalizations on 5 criteria: lead/lag timing; proportion of influenza hospitalizations covered by the alert period; average length of the influenza alert period; continuity of the alert period and length of the pre-peak alert period.

Results

Influenza hospitalizations led laboratory positive tests an average of only 1.6 (95% CI: -1.5, 4.7) days. However, the difference in timing exceeded 1 week and was statistically significant at the significance level of 0.01 in 5 out of 28 regional seasons. An alert based primarily on 5% positivity and 15 positive tests produced an average alert period of 16.6 weeks. After allowing for a reporting delay of 2 weeks, the alert period included 80% of all influenza-confirmed hospitalizations. For 20 out of the 28 (71%) seasons, the first alert would have been signalled at least 3 weeks (in real time) prior to the week with maximum number of influenza hospitalizations.

Conclusions

Virological data collected from laboratories was a good indicator of influenza activity with the resulting alert covering most influenza hospitalizations and providing a reasonable pre-peak warning at the regional level. Though differences in timing were statistically significant, neither time-series consistently led the other.     

Radionuclide Delivery Strategies in Tumor Treatment: A Systematic Review

The aim of this review was to assess recent progress in targeted radionuclide tumor therapy, focusing on the best delivery strategies. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the terms “radionuclides”, “liposomes”, “avidin–biotin interaction”, “theranostic”, and “molecular docking”. The 10 year filter was applied, except for the avidin–biotin interaction. Data were retrieved from both preclinical and clinical settings. Three targeting strategies were considered: pretargeting, liposomes, and ligands. Pretargeting can be achieved by exploiting the avidin–biotin interaction. This strategy seems very promising, although it has been investigated mainly in resectable tumors. Radiolabeled liposomes have attracted new interest as probes to identify the most suitable patients for treatment with liposomal formulations of common chemotherapeutics. The use of ligands for the delivery of radiotherapeutics to a specific target is still the most appealing strategy for treating tumors. The most appropriate ligand can be identified by virtually simulating its interaction with the receptor. All strategies showed great potential for use in targeted radionuclide therapy, but they also have numerous drawbacks. The most promising option is probably the one based on the use of new ligands.