Cloning of alkaline sphingomyelinase from rat intestinal mucosa and adjusting of the hypothetical protein XP_221184 in GenBank

Intestinal alkaline sphingomyelinase (alk-SMase) digests sphingomyelin and the process may influence colonic tumorigenesis and cholesterol absorption. We recently identified the gene of human alk-SMase and cloned the cDNA. Cross-species screening of homology in GenBank found a hypothetical rat protein, XP_221184, with 491 amino acid residues, which shares 73% identity with human alk-SMase. Based on the cDNA sequence of this protein, we cloned a cDNA from rat intestinal mucosa by RT-PCR. The cloned cDNA encodes a protein with 439 amino acid residues and higher (85%) identity with human alk-SMase. The cloned cDNA differed from the XP_221184 cDNA in splice sites linking exons 2 and 3, and exons 3 and 4, respectively. In the sequence of the cloned protein, the predicted activity motif, sphingomyelin binding sites, and potential glycosylation sites in human alk-SMase are all conserved. To confirm the cloned protein is the real form of alk-SMase, native alk-SMase was purified from rat intestine and subjected to proteolytic digestion followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry. Seven tryptic peptides were found to match the cloned protein sequence. Transient expression of the cloned cDNA linked with a myc tag in COS-7 cells demonstrated high SMase activity, with an optimal pH at 9.0 and a specific dependence on taurocholate and taurochenodeoxycholate. The expressed protein reacted with both anti-myc and anti-human alk-SMase antibodies. Northern blotting of rat tissues revealed high levels of mRNA in jejunum but not in other tissues. In conclusion, we cloned rat alk-SMase cDNA from rat intestine, adjusted the putative rat alk-SMase protein in GenBank, and confirmed the specific expression of the gene in the small intestine.     

Mapping of the Human Cysteine-Rich Intestinal Protein GeneCRIP1to the Human Chromosomal Segment 7q11.23

We report here on the mapping of a cDNA encoding for human cysteine-rich heart protein (HCRHP), a counterpart of the murine cysteine-rich intestinal protein CRIP. By somatic cell hybrid analysis and radiation hybrid mapping, we have located the geneCRIP1(HGMW-approved symbol) on the subcentromeric region of the q arm of human chromosome 7, flanking a deletion associated with Williams syndrome.     

大鼠CRIP2蛋白的表达和分离纯化

目的:获得大鼠crip2基因片段,并在大肠杆菌中表达、纯化大鼠CRIP2(cysteine-rich intestinal protein 2)蛋白。方法:从大鼠主动脉组织中提取总DNA,RT-PCR扩增出相应大小的crip2 DNA片段,与pGEM-T-easy载体连接后测序;将测序正确的crip2按照BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点克隆入原核表达载体pRSET A,将连接产物转化大肠杆菌BL21,挑出阳性克隆,IPTG诱导表达重组的6×His融合蛋白,通过镍柱进行纯化。结果:PCR获得的crip2序列与GenBank报道的一致(为707 bp);重组融合蛋白在大肠杆菌BL21中以可溶形式高效表达,经SDS-PAGE和Western印迹分析,在相对分子质量为27×103处有特异的蛋白条带,经镍柱纯化后,得到了高纯度的CRIP2融合蛋白。结论:克隆了大鼠crip2基因片段,并在大肠杆菌BL21中高效表达,亲和层析纯化后获得高纯度的CRIP2融合蛋白。     

Cloning of cDNA Encoding Rat Spermatidal Protein TP2 and Expression inEscherichia coli

Rat spermatidal protein TP2 is a basic nuclear protein containing two atoms of zinc bound per molecule. We report here cloning of complementary DNA encoding rat TP2 by the RT-PCR method. The nucleotide sequence of cloned TP2 cDNA differs at a few positions from the sequence already reported in the literature. We have cloned rat TP2 cDNA into the expression vector pTrc 99A. Upon induction with 1 mMIPTG, there was a low level of expression of TP2 which could be recovered in the soluble form. Recombinant TP2 was purified from the soluble extract ofE. coliusing nickel–agarose and heparin–agarose chromatography and was shown to be identical to native rat TP2 as revealed by immunoblotting with anti-rat TP2 antibodies and radioactive⁶⁵Zn-blotting.     

人甲状腺激素受体相互作用蛋白15的初步结晶实验及其在人组织表达的研究

目的：构建人甲状腺激素受体相互作用蛋白15（thyroid hormone receptor interacting protein 15,TRIP15）的原核表达载体,在大肠杆菌表达并纯化、结晶表达产物;证实TRIP15在人脐静脉内皮细胞株、血小板、二尖瓣、胆囊和胶质瘤存在表达。方法：以人肝细胞cDNA文库为模板,通过PCR扩增TRIP15的全长编码区序列,双酶切后连接到pGEX-6P-1载体上,转化E.coli BL21（DE3）菌株,通过亲和层析及分子筛对表达产物进行纯化,采用气相扩散悬滴法筛选并优化结晶条件,通过X射线晶体衍射技术检测晶体衍射;采用RT-PCR和Western blot研究TRIP15在人脐静脉内皮细胞株、血小板、二尖瓣、胆囊和胶质瘤的表达情况。结果：成功构建了TRIP15的原核表达载体,获得了电泳纯TRIP15蛋白,得到了蛋白质晶体,但衍射能力很弱;通过RT-PCR证实其在人脐静脉内皮细胞株、血小板、二尖瓣、胆囊和胶质瘤存在表达。结论：成功构建了TRIP15的原核表达载体、建立了表达纯化策略并获得了初步结晶的实验条件,为最终解析其三维结构奠定了基础;初步证实TRIP15在人脐静脉内皮细胞株、血小板、二尖瓣、胆囊和胶质瘤存在表达,为相关研究的开展奠定了基础。     

Molecular cloning and functional expression of a human intestinal lactoferrin receptor.

Lactoferrin (Lf), a major iron-binding protein in human milk, has been suggested to have multiple biological roles such as facilitating iron absorption, modulating the immune system, embryonic development, and cell proliferation. Our previous binding studies suggested the presence of a specific receptor for Lf (LfR) in the small intestine of newborn infants, which may facilitate iron absorption. We here report the cloning and the functional expression of the human intestinal LfR and the evidence of its involvement in iron metabolism. The entire coding region of the LfR cDNA was cloned by PCR based on amino acid sequences of the purified native LfR (nLfR). The recombinant LfR (rLfR) was then expressed in a baculovirus-insect cell system and purified by immobilized human Lf (hLf) affinity chromatography where binding of hLf to the rLfR was partially Ca(2+) dependent. The apparent molecular mass was 136 kDa under nonreducing conditions and 34 kDa under reducing conditions. 125I-hLf bound to the rLfR with an apparent K(d) of approximately 360 nM. These biochemical properties of the rLfR are similar to those of the nLfR. RT-PCR revealed that the gene was expressed at high levels in fetal small intestine and in adult heart and at lower levels in Caco-2 cells. PI-PLC treatment of Caco-2 cells indicated that the LfR is GPI anchored. In Caco-2 cells transfected with the LfR gene, 125I-hLf binding and 59Fe-hLf uptake were increased by 1.7 and 3.4 times, respectively, compared to those in mock-transfected cells. Our findings demonstrate the presence of a unique receptor-mediated mechanism for nutrient uptake by the newborn.     

Over-Expression in <Emphasis Type="Italic">E. coli</Emphasis> and Purification of the Human OCTN2 Transport Protein

The OCTN2 cDNA amplified from human skin fibroblast was cloned in pET-41a(+) carrying the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene. The construct pET-41a(+)–hOCTN2 was used to express the GST–hOCTN2 fusion protein in Escherichia coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS. The best over-expression was obtained after 6 h of induction with IPTG at 28°C. The GST–hOCTN2 polypeptide was collected in the inclusion bodies and showed an apparent molecular mass on SDS-PAGE of 85 kDa. After solubilization with a buffer containing 0.8% sarkosyl and 3 M urea, the fusion protein was applied onto a Ni²⁺-chelating chromatography column. The purified GST–hOCTN2 was treated with thrombin, and the hOCTN2 was separated from the GST by size exclusion chromatography. After the whole procedure, a yield of about 0.2 mg purified protein per liter of cell culture was obtained. To improve the protein yield, hOCTN2 cDNA was subjected to codon bias. The second codon CGG was substituted with AAA; the substitution led to the mutation R2K in the hOCTN2 protein. hOCTN2(R2K) cDNA was cloned in pET-21a(+) carrying a C-terminal 6His tag. The resulting protein was expressed in E. coli Rosetta(DE3)pLysS and purified by Ni²⁺-chelating chromatography. A yield of about 3.5 mg purified protein per liter of cell culture was obtained with this procedure.     

克隆、表达及纯化核糖体蛋白S6用于体外激酶活性检测

目的:构建40S核糖体蛋白S6的原核表达载体,表达并纯化S6蛋白,将其作为底物用于S6激酶(S6K)的体外活性测定。方法:采用RT-PCR方法从人胚肾细胞HEK293中获取S6 cDNA,将扩增产物克隆至大肠杆菌表达载体中,进行酶切及测序鉴定;IPTG诱导GST-S6融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中表达,用谷胱甘肽亲和层析纯化GST-S6,免疫沉淀法检测该蛋白是否可作为底物用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定。结果:酶切及测序鉴定表明构建了S6原核表达载体,并表达及纯化出GST-S6融合蛋白,相对分子质量为55×103。该蛋白可用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定,特异性强。结论:S6蛋白的克隆、表达与纯化成功,可用于S6K的体外激酶活性测定,为研究S6K的功能奠定了基础。     

MHC class I-related neonatal Fc receptor for IgG is functionally expressed in monocytes, intestinal macrophages, and dendritic cells

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) for IgG, an MHC class I-related molecule, functions to transport IgG across polarized epithelial cells and protect IgG from degradation. However, little is known about whether FcRn is functionally expressed in immune cells. We show here that FcRn mRNA was identifiable in human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. FcRn heavy chain was detectable as a 45-kDa protein in monocytic U937 and THP-1 cells and in purified human intestinal macrophages, peripheral blood monocytes, and dendritic cells by Western blot analysis. FcRn colocalized in vivo with macrosialin (CD68) and Ncl-Macro, two macrophage markers, in the lamina propria of human small intestine. The heavy chain of FcRn was associated with the beta(2)-microglobulin (beta(2)m) light chain in U937 and THP-1 cells. FcRn bound human IgG at pH 6.0, but not at pH 7.5. This binding could be inhibited by human IgG Fc, but not Fab. FcRn could be detected on the cell surface of activated, but not resting, THP-1 cells. Furthermore, FcRn was uniformly present intracellularly in all blood monocytes and intestinal macrophages. FcRn was detectable on the cell surface of a significant fraction of monocytes at lower levels and on a small subset of tissue macrophages that expressed high levels of FcRn on the cell surface. These data show that FcRn is functionally expressed and its cellular distribution is regulated in monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, suggesting that it may confer novel IgG binding functions upon these cell types relative to typical Fc gamma Rs: Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII, and Fc gamma RIII.     

Upregulation of Slc39a10 gene expression in response to thyroid hormones in intestine and kidney

A novel zinc transporter has been purified and cloned from rat renal brush border membrane. This transporter was designated as Zip10 encoded by Slc39a10 gene and characterized as zinc importer. Present study documents the impact of thyroid hormones on the expression of Zip10 encoded by Slc39a10 gene in rat model of hypo and hyperthyroidism. Serum T₃ and T₄ levels were reduced significantly in hypothyroid rats whereas these levels were significantly elevated in hyperthyroid rats as compared to euthyroid rats thereby confirming the validity of the model. Kinetic studies revealed a significant increase in the initial and equilibrium uptake of Zn⁺⁺ in both intestinal and renal BBMV of hyperthyroid rats in comparison to hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. By RT-PCR, Slc39a10 mRNA expression was found to be significantly decreased in hypothyroid and increased in hyperthyroid as compared to euthyroid rats. These findings are in conformity with the immunofluorescence studies that revealed markedly higher fluorescence intensity at periphery of both intestinal and renal cells isolated from hyperthyroid rats as compared to hypothyroid and euthyroid rats. Higher expression of Zip10 protein in hyperthroid group was also confirmed by western blot. These findings suggest that expression of zinc transporter protein Zip10 (Slc39a10) in intestine and kidney is positively regulated by thyroid hormones.     

人钠/二羧酸协同转运蛋白1基因融合表达及其抗体制备

利用DNA重组技术 ,将编码人钠 羧酸协同转运蛋白 1(hNaDC1)抗原表位区 (W138 Q2 19)的cDNA克隆至融合表达载体pGEX 5X 1,构建重组质粒pGEX hNaDCL6 .在大肠杆菌BL2 1中 ,经IPTG诱导 ,获得谷胱甘肽巯基转移酶 (GST) hNaDC1重组融合蛋白的表达 .以谷胱甘肽 Sepharose 4B亲和层析 ,获得纯化的GST hNaDC1.以此为免疫原制备的抗hNaDC1抗体可特异性识别人类和大鼠肾组织以及小肠组织中天然的钠 二羧酸协同转运蛋白 1.利用该抗体 ,首次证实了hNaDC1基因编码产物分布于人肾组织近端肾小管刷状缘 ,与大鼠钠 二羧酸协同转运蛋白 1(SDCT1)分布一致 .     

人角质化细胞生长因子-2基因的克隆、表达及产物的纯化、鉴定

用高表达菌株BL21codon plus compentent cells表达重组人角质化细胞生长因子(Hkgf-2)蛋白并初步纯化和检测其活性。通过RTPCR从流产胎儿肺组织中钓取hKGF-2cDNA,将其克隆入pBV220载体质粒。在大肠杆菌BL-21codon plus compent cells中表达hKGF-2蛋白。采用亲和层析和离子交换层析分离纯化,以细胞增殖实验测定表达蛋白的生物活性。结果显示,hKGF-2蛋白在BL21中得到高效表达;hKGF-2蛋白能刺激NIH3T3细胞的增殖,具有显著的促有丝分裂活性。     

Expression, transport properties, and chromosomal location of organic anion transporter subtype 3

The rat and mouse organic anion-transporting polypeptides (oatp) subtype 3 (oatp3) were cloned to further define components of the intestinal bile acid transport system. In transfected COS cells, oatp3 mediated Na(+)-independent, DIDS-inhibited taurocholate uptake (Michaelis-Menten constant approximately 30 microM). The oatp3-mediated uptake rates and affinities were highest for glycine-conjugated dihydroxy bile acids. In stably transfected, polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells, oatp3 mediated only apical uptake of taurocholate. RT-PCR analysis revealed that rat oatp3, but not oatp1 or oatp2, was expressed in small intestine. By RNase protection assay, oatp3 mRNA was readily detected down the length of the small intestine as well as in brain, lung, and retina. An antibody directed to the carboxy terminus localized oatp3 to the apical brush-border membrane of rat jejunal enterocytes. The mouse oatp3 gene was localized to a region of mouse chromosome 6. This region is syntenic with human chromosome 12p12, where the human OATP-A gene was mapped, suggesting that rodent oatp3 is orthologous to the human OATP-A. These transport and expression properties suggest that rat oatp3 mediates the anion exchange-driven absorption of bile acids previously described for the proximal small intestine.     

重组人胰岛新生相关蛋白的表达、纯化及免疫活性研究

摘要 目的：对胰岛新生相关蛋白（Islet neogenesis associated protein ,INGAP）进行表达、纯化,并检测其免疫活性。方法： INGAP基因片段插入表达载体pET22b(+),在E.coli BL21(DE3)中表达。包涵体经洗涤并用8M尿素溶解,Heparin Agrose亲合柱层析为第一步纯化,Superdex75凝胶过滤层析作为第二步精细纯化,HPLC测定INGAP蛋白的浓度,将纯化的INGAP蛋白经注射途径免疫家兔,制备兔抗INGAP血清,采用免疫双扩、ELISA及Western Blot分析INGAP的免疫活性。结果INGAP以包涵体形式表达,表达产量高达总菌体蛋白的40%左右,经Heparin Agrose亲合柱层析和凝胶过滤层析二步组合纯化目的蛋白,经HPLC测定目的蛋白的最终纯度为98.81%,表达及纯化的INGAP具有良好的免疫活性。     

新的端粒酶活性抑制蛋白LPTS-L的制备

LPTS基因是利用定位候选克隆策略克隆的一个新的肝相关候选肿瘤抑制基因。LPTS基因编码一个全长为328氨基酸的蛋白质(LPTS-L),该蛋白具有抑制细胞端粒酶活性的功能。为了进一步研究LPTS-L蛋白的结构与功能,利用DNA重组技术,将LPTS-L的cDNA克隆到表达载体pET-24a中构建重组克隆pET-24-LPTS,并在大肠杆菌BL-21中进行融合表达,获得可溶形式的LPTS-L融合蛋白。采用Ni Sepharose4B柱亲和层析,可以获得纯度较高的蛋白,但不适合大量制备。通过设计引物去掉了pET-24a载体上的6×His tag将LPTS-L基因进行了非融合表达,然后采用磷酸纤维素P11阳离子交换层析纯化LPTS-L蛋白,纯度可达到55%。再经Sephadex G-100凝胶过滤,LPTS-L蛋白的纯度可达到80%。Western blot实验显示经纯化后的LPTS-L蛋白可与兔抗GST-LPTS-L的多抗发生特异性结合。采用TRAP法测定蛋白质活性,结果显示纯化得到的LPTS-L蛋白可抑制端粒酶的活性,与采用Ni Sepharose4B纯化获得的LPTS-L融合蛋白比较,其抑制效率基本一致。因此,所建立的技术可以有效地制备LPTS-L蛋白。     

人钙周期蛋白结合蛋白（hCacyBP）基因的克隆与表达

筛选cDNA文库得到了人的钙周期蛋白结合蛋白基因 ,将此基因的全编码区克隆到原核表达载体pET2 8上 ,诱导目的蛋白质表达以后将重组蛋白质用亲和层析的方法进行纯化 ,得到了纯度很好的重组的目的蛋白质 ,以此作为抗原免疫动物 ,得到抗钙周期蛋白结合蛋白的特异多克隆抗体。Western印迹的结果表明 ,该基因在小鼠多种组织中广泛表达 ;免疫组化的结果表明 ,BT32 5细胞诱导分化后钙周期蛋白结合蛋白分布有变化 ,由分布于胞质中转向分布于胞核和核周胞质     

人Src蛋白N端区段的表达、纯化和体外豆蔻酰化底物活性

利用RT PCR技术 ,从来源于人结肠癌Caco 2细胞总RNA中 ,扩增得到编码人Src蛋白N端 147氨基酸的DNA序列片段。进而构建T7启动子控制下的C端His tag融合的表达质粒pMF SrcHT ,并转化大肠杆菌BL2 1(DE3)。通过SDS PAGE等分析结果显示 ,在 37°C培养条件下经IPTG诱导 ,C端His tag融合的人Src蛋白N端区段 (命名为SrcHT ,2 1kD)得到高效表达 ,并且主要以可溶性形式存在。进一步利用Ni IDA亲和层析分离 ,从表达菌裂解上清液中一步纯化获得重组蛋白SrcHT ,SDS PAGE分析纯度达 95 %以上。在此基础上 ,以 [3H]豆蔻酰 CoA为同位素标记底物进行SrcHT的体外NMT豆蔻酰化反应测定。SDS PAGE分离和放射自显影分析结果表明 ,SrcHT蛋白可被NMT有效豆蔻酰化而具有NMT的底物活性。这些为深入详细研究Src蛋白豆蔻酰化作用和构建以Src蛋白豆蔻酰化为靶标的分子筛药体系等打下了重要基础。     

人亲环素B基因的克隆表达及重组蛋白的生物活性

应用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法从人淋巴细胞中扩增出亲环素Ｂ（ｃｙｃｌｏｐｈｉｌｉｎＢ,ＣｙＰＢ）基因,克隆入ｐＥＴ－２８ａ载体中表达．表达产物以包涵体形式存在,占细菌可溶性蛋白的１５％．经Ｎｉ－ＮＴＡ树脂金属螯合亲和层析和ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ－５０柱层析纯化,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ检测呈单一条带,毛细管电泳为单一色谱峰,纯度达９５％．经复性处理,表达产物显示肽基脯氨基顺反异构酶活性