结构域Ⅰ缺失的丙型肝炎病毒5′NCR调控荧光素酶基因的表达

目的:分析丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)5′端非编码区(NCR)的结构域Ⅰ序列在其翻译启动活性中的作用。方法:以质粒pCMVN CRluc为模板,PCR扩增分别得到缺失5′端20nt和43nt的HCV 5′NCR片段,并分别替换pCMVNCRluc中的完整HCV 5′NCR,构建结构域Ⅰ缺失的HCV 5′NCR调控萤火虫荧光素酶(luc)基因表达的真核表达质粒(pCN1-d1、pCNl-d2)。以脂质体方法转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2,用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测荧光素酶相对于内参考的海肾荧光素酶表达活性,同时采用RT-PCR方法检测转染后细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶基因的相对表达水平。结果:酶切和测序结果表明,各重组质粒构建成功。各重组质粒转染细胞后luc mRNA的相对表达水平与pCMVNRluc相比差异无显著性(P＞0．05);pCNl-dl、pCNl-d2表达的荧光素酶活性与pCMVNCRluc差异无显著性(P＞0．05)。结论:HCV 5′NCR的5′端20nt和43nt序列缺失不影响它的翻译启动活性。     

结构域Ⅰ缺失的丙型肝炎病毒5＇NCR调控荧光素酶基因的表达

目的：分析丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）5＇端非编码区（NCR）的结构域Ⅰ序列在其翻译启动活性中的作用.方法：以质粒pCMVNCRluc为模板,PCR扩增分别得到缺失5＇端20nt和43nt的HCV 5＇NCR片段,并分别替换pCMVNCRluc中的完整HCV 5NCR,构建结构域Ⅰ缺失的HCV 5＇NCR调控萤火虫荧光素酶（luc）基因表达的真核表达质粒（pCNl-d1、pCNl-d2）.以脂质体方法转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2,用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测荧光素酶相对于内参考的海肾荧光素酶表达活性,同时采用RT-PCR方法检测转染后细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶基因的相对表达水平.结果：酶切和测序结果表明,各重组质粒构建成功.各重组质粒转染细胞后luc mRNA的相对表达水平与pCMVNCRluc相比差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;pCNl-d1、pCNl-d2表达的荧光素酶活性与pCMVNCRluc差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论：HCV 5NCR的5＇端20nt和43nt序列缺失不影响它的翻译启动活性.     

结构域Ⅰ缺失的丙型肝炎病毒5'NCR调控荧光素酶基因的表达

目的:分析丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)5'端非编码区(NCR)的结构域Ⅰ序列在其翻译启动活性中的作用.方法:以质粒pCMVNCRluc为模板,PCR扩增分别得到缺失5'端20nt和43nt的HCV 5'NCR片段,并分别替换pCMVNCRluc中的完整HCV 5NCR,构建结构域Ⅰ缺失的HCV 5'NCR调控萤火虫荧光素酶(luc)基因表达的真核表达质粒(pCNl-d1、pCNl-d2).以脂质体方法转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2,用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测荧光素酶相对于内参考的海肾荧光素酶表达活性,同时采用RT-PCR方法检测转染后细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶基因的相对表达水平.结果:酶切和测序结果表明,各重组质粒构建成功.各重组质粒转染细胞后luc mRNA的相对表达水平与pCMVNCRluc相比差异无显著性(P＞0.05);pCNl-d1、pCNl-d2表达的荧光素酶活性与pCMVNCRluc差异无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:HCV 5NCR的5'端20nt和43nt序列缺失不影响它的翻译启动活性.     

结构域Ⅰ缺失的丙型肝炎病毒5'NCR调控荧光素酶基因的表达

目的：分析丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）5＇端非编码区（NCR）的结构域Ⅰ序列在其翻译启动活性中的作用.方法：以质粒pCMVNCRluc为模板,PCR扩增分别得到缺失5＇端20nt和43nt的HCV 5＇NCR片段,并分别替换pCMVNCRluc中的完整HCV 5NCR,构建结构域Ⅰ缺失的HCV 5＇NCR调控萤火虫荧光素酶（luc）基因表达的真核表达质粒（pCNl-d1、pCNl-d2）.以脂质体方法转染人肝癌细胞株HepG2,用双荧光素酶报告基因检测系统检测荧光素酶相对于内参考的海肾荧光素酶表达活性,同时采用RT-PCR方法检测转染后细胞中萤火虫荧光素酶基因的相对表达水平.结果：酶切和测序结果表明,各重组质粒构建成功.各重组质粒转染细胞后luc mRNA的相对表达水平与pCMVNCRluc相比差异无显著性（P＞0.05）;pCNl-d1、pCNl-d2表达的荧光素酶活性与pCMVNCRluc差异无显著性（P＞0.05）.结论：HCV 5NCR的5＇端20nt和43nt序列缺失不影响它的翻译启动活性.     

酿酒酵母GPCR蛋白Ste2亚细胞定位信号探索

G蛋白偶联受体(G protein-coupled receptor,GPCR)家族蛋白在细胞感受各种胞外信号过程中发挥重要作用。Ste2是酵母细胞中GPCR蛋白之一。大量文献报道了Ste2蛋白突变体对其功能和表达的影响,但关于Ste2亚细胞定位的研究相对较少。这项工作的目的在于确定Ste2亚细胞定位,探究Ste2不同跨膜域、胞内外环状结构域和N端、C端对其亚细胞定位的影响。构建了一系列结构域删除或替换突变体,通过荧光显微镜观察判断不同结构区域对Ste2亚细胞定位的影响,并通过与已知的细胞器标记蛋白共定位观察验证亚细胞定位判读结果。结果显示:野生型Ste2荧光信号出现在质膜和液泡内腔; C端缺失突变体荧光信号出现在质膜和内质网。在N端、C端、各环状结构域序列采用动物GPCR蛋白ORI7、OR17-40相应结构域替换的突变体中,C端替换导致液泡内腔信号消失,质膜信号强于野生型; N端和部分环状结构域替换不同程度减弱或消除了质膜定位,液泡腔内信号类似于野生型;部分突变体在胞内出现点状分布的荧光信号。由此推断:Ste2 N端,第一、第二胞外环状结构域和第三胞内环状结构域可能具有影响Ste2运输定位到质膜的功能;而C端则可能在Ste2离开细胞膜进入液泡的过程中发挥作用。初步确定了Ste2的不同结构区域对其定位的影响,为深入研究GPCR蛋白的亚细胞定位机制奠定基础。     

伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白C-端系列缺失突变体的构建及亚细胞定位分析

以绿荧光蛋白(GFP)为标记,构建了一系列伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白的C-端缺失突变体与GFP融合表达的真核表达质粒,脂质体介导转染Hela细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察分析各个缺失突变体的亚细胞定位,发现伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白与核定位有关的结构域在第60个到第90个氨基酸残基之间,第111个到第159个氨基酸残基有可能与形成细胞核内的颗粒有关,与微管蛋白结合有关的结构域可能在第187到第241个氨基酸残基之间。上述研究结果为进一步深入研究伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白的结构与功能奠定了基础。     

伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白C-端系列缺失突变体的构建及亚细胞定位分析

以绿荧光蛋白(GFP)为标记,构建了一系列伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白的C-端缺失突变体与GFP融合表达的真核表达质粒,脂质体介导转染Hela细胞,通过荧光显微镜观察分析各个缺失突变体的亚细胞定位,发现伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白与核定位有关的结构域在第60个到第90个氨基酸残基之间,第111个到第159个氨基酸残基有可能与形成细胞核内的颗粒有关,与微管蛋白结合有关的结构域可能在第187到第241个氨基酸残基之间.上述研究结果为进一步深入研究伪狂犬病毒VP22蛋白的结构与功能奠定了基础.     

携带小鼠白介素-4截短型突变体基因的5型腺相关病毒载体的构建及外源蛋白的体外表达

目的:制备携带碳端结构域缺失的小鼠白介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)基因突变体的5型重组腺相关病毒(recombinant adeno-associated virus, r AAV)并在细胞水平检测其介导的外源蛋白表达情况。方法:通过分子克隆技术构建携带小鼠IL-4碳端22个氨基酸缺失的突变体的表达质粒pSNAV-mIL-4ΔC22,三质粒共转染法制备重组的5型AAV病毒,体外感染人支气管上皮样细胞系16HBE和BEAS-2B,并通过Western blot和ELISA检测外源蛋白表达。结果:DNA测序表明构建的小鼠IL-4碳端第118位氨基酸位点处截短的突变体基因表达序列正确无误,制备的重组病毒载体r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22滴度约为3×10~(11)vg/m L。r AAV5-GFP感染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞后36小时开始可见持续稳定的荧光蛋白表达,重组病毒r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22感染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞后外源蛋白在培养上清中呈分泌型表达。结论:本研究成功构建了携带小鼠IL-4碳端结构域缺失型突变体的AAV表达质粒并制备了重组病毒r AAV5-mIL-4ΔC22,该病毒可有效转染16HBE和BEAS-2B细胞并介导外源基因分泌表达截短型小鼠IL-4突变体蛋白。     

TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体的构建、表达及生物活性鉴定

目的:构建TANK结合激酶1(TBK1)相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体真核表达载体,检测该基因相关突变体在293细胞中的表达,并利用萤光素酶报告基因实验检测其生物活性。方法:根据文献报道的突变序列及QuickChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis实验设计手册,设计合成2条针对TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体的引物,以实验室之前构建的TBK1野生型真核表达载体为模板,构建TBK1激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体真核表达载体,分别命名为pcDNA3-Flag-TBK1(KD)、pcDNA3-Flag-TBK1(ΔULD)。以LipofactAMINE2000转染试剂转染至293细胞中进行瞬时表达,利用萤光素酶实验检测2种TBK1突变体诱导β干扰素(IFN-β)转录的情况。结果:测序结果表明,TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域缺失突变体真核表达载体构建成功,Western印迹检测表明其在293细胞中获得有效表达;用萤光素酶报告基因实验检测,与野生型TBK1相比,其相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域缺失突变体诱导IFN-β转录激活的作用明显降低。结论:真核表达的TBK1相关激酶活性缺失突变体和泛素样结构域突变体具有相应的生物学活性,为研究其功能奠定了基础。     

Perilipin5基因功能结构域载体的构建及亚细胞定位分析

目的:依据perilipin5的功能结构域,构建含perilipin5截断体的真核表达载体,并研究它们的亚细胞定位。方法:以小鼠肝脏cDNA文库为模板,PCR扩增出perilipin5的全长及功能结构域,将之分别装载入真核表达载体PCMV5中,并引入HA标签。酶切和测序鉴定,脂质体法将构建的质粒转染293T细胞,Western blot验证表达,免疫荧光检测标记HA,于荧光显微镜下观察perilipin5各结构域的亚细胞定位。结果:构建的质粒序列正确,转染细胞后可检测到HA-perilipin5融合蛋白的表达,免疫荧光显示含有1-188aa结构域的perilipin5截断体可定位于脂滴表面,1-188aa一旦缺失perilipin5的截断体则弥散于胞内。结论:包含perilipin5功能结构域的真核表达载体构建成功,perilipin5的1-188aa与其脂滴定位密切相关。     

Reliability of Analyses of Hg,Fe, Ca,K, P,pH, Alkalinity,Conductivity, Hardness and Colour from Lakes

The aim of this report has been to present results concerning analytical quality controls of Hg analysis of fish and sediment, analyses of Fe, Ca, total-P, K, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, colour and hardness (Ca + Mg) of lake water samples. Despite the fact that these are standard parameters in many regular water control programs, there are major differences in the reliability with which these parameters can be determined. The focus here is on an overall inter-laboratory comparison between the parameters. Six laboratories have been involved in the analysis. Selected results: pH gives the lowest (average) relative standard deviation (error), about 2 %; conductivity gives an error of about 5–7 %; alkalinity yields an average error of as much as 13–25 %, which is the largest among the parameters studied here; colour also gives a high error, 9–15 %; hardness gives a relative standard deviation of about 6–7 %. Of the other parameters (i. e., Hg, Fe, Ca and P), Hg gives the best reliability and Fe and P the lowest. To have knowledge of the reliability of the analytical data is of paramount importance in most control programs and research projects.     

Uniform hypothesis of cell behavior--movement, contact inhibition of movement, adhesion, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, division, contact inhibition of division, fusion.

The cell has been represented as a charged liquid drop. Contrary to the DLVO-theory, the effect of the surface potential upon the value of the interfacial tension of the cell membrane has also been taken into consideration. The cell membrane has visco-elastic properties and its constituents may move against each other. Cell movement is caused by the appearance of a small number of the electrically charged constituents of the cell membrane on the leading edge of the cell. This produces a local decrease in the surface tension and the cell membrane expansion. At the moment of contact between two cells proton transfers occur between the strongly negatively charged microvilli of one cell and the body of the other, analogous to a condenser breakdown. This, through the effect on the surface tension, causes contact inhibition of movement. The distribution of the proton dissociable groups modifies the interaction between the cells (differentiation) and between the cell and the substratum (adhesion). Adsorption of the charged compounds at the surface of the cell membrane, decreasing the surface potential and increasing the surface tension, causes the phenomena of chemotaxis, phagocytosis and pinocytosis. Cell division, considered in the terms of the surface energy, requires an adequate supply of considerable quantities of energy inversely proportional to the surface potential value. In case of a reduction of the distance between the cells, their surface potential and the energetic barrier of the cell division processes increases, and causes contact inhibition of cell division. Due to their high charge, division of neoplastic cells is inhibited much later than division of normal cells, or is completely ininhibited due to geometric conditions. Fusion of the cell membrane in the intra-cellular and intercellular processes is a reverse process in relation to the cell division.     

The Effect of Age and Gender on Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr, V, and Zn Contents in Rib Bone of Healthy Humans

The effect of age and gender on major, minor, and trace element contents in the intact rib bone of 80 relatively healthy 15–55-year-old women and men was investigated. Contents or upper limit of contents of 16 chemical elements in the rib bone were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Mean values (M?±?SΕΜ) for the mass fraction of Ba, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Na, P, S, Sr, and Zn (milligram per kilogram of dry bone) were as follows: 2.54?±?0.16, 171,400?±?4,050, 1.35?±?0.22, 140?±?11, 1,874?±?71, 0.049?±?0.011, 2,139?±?38, 5,378?±?88, 75,140?±?1,660, 1,881?±?51, 291?±?20, and 92.8?±?1.5, respectively. The upper limits of contents of Al, B, Mn, and V were <7.20, <0.65, <0.36, and <0.03, respectively. Statistically significant tendency for the Ca, Mg, and P content to decrease with age was found in the human rib bone, regardless of gender. The mass fraction of Fe in the male rib bone increases with age. It was shown that higher Ca, Mg, Na, P, and Sr mass fractions as well as lower Fe content were typical of female ribs as compared to those in male ribs.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Synthesis,tautomerism, and antimicrobial,anti-HCV,anti-SSPE,antioxidant, and antitumor activities of arylazobenzosuberones

2-Dimethylaminomethylene-1-benzosuberone 1 was coupled with diazotized aniline derivatives to afford a series of the hitherto unreported 2-arylazo-1-benzosuberones 3a–i. The tautomeric structure and the effect of substituents on the tautomeric form (s) of the products 3a–i were discussed. Similar coupling of the enaminone 1 with diazonium salts of heterocyclic amines gave the respective fused azolotriazino-benzosuberones. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed potent antimicrobial, anti-HCV, antioxidant, antitumor (as topoisomerase I inhibitors), and antimicrobial activities.