优康唑对沙田柚生长和结果影响初报

沙田柚叶面喷施不同浓度的优康唑,明显抑制新梢生长,促进光合作用;降低果实单重,提高产量,增加果实含糖量。其作用效果与施用浓度有关。本文对优康唑的可能作用机理进行了探讨。     

植物生长调节剂影响沙田柚内源激素水平的研究

研究了植物生长调节剂优康唑和CPPU对沙田柚生理落果期间幼果和新梢叶片内源IAA、GA1 3和ABA水平的影响.研究结果表明:优康唑处理降低新梢叶片内源IAA和GA1 3水平,提高细胞分裂素含量.优康唑对叶片ABA含量和(IAA GA1 3 CTKs)/ABA比值影响不明显;优康唑处理下幼果IAA、GA1 3和ABA含量均有不同程度的下降,以GA1 3下降幅度最大.果实中CTKs含量和CTKs/ABA比例上升,结合优康唑和CPPU促进沙田柚座果的效应,提示细胞分裂素对座果有重要作用,而CTKs/ABA比例升高有助于缓解生理落果;CPPU处理降低果实ABA含量,提高果实CTKs水平和CTKs/ABA比值.这可能是CPPU促进座果和果实膨大的生理基础.     

优康唑提高柚树苗抗旱性的研究

柚树苗经100mg*L-1优康唑处理后,进行水分胁迫处理.优康唑处理能提高水分胁迫下叶片的水势和相对含水量,表明抗旱性提高.同时优康唑处理下,叶片超氧物歧化酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性和抗坏血酸,还原型谷胱甘肽和游离脯氨酸质量浓度均提高,而过氧化氢酶变化程度不大.实验结果表明,优康唑处理提高叶片对膜脂过氧化作用的防御能力可能是其提高柚树苗抗旱性的重要原因.     

五环三萜类柴胡皂苷单体对白念珠菌伊曲康唑耐药株活性研究

目的 从柴胡中提取具有抗真菌活性的五环三萜类单体Bp3,研究该单体对伊曲康唑耐药白念珠菌菌株的作用及其与伊曲康唑的相互作用.方法 参照CLSI标准,采用棋盘微量稀释法,测定单用Bp3、伊曲康唑及两者联合使用时对20株伊曲康唑耐药白念珠菌菌株的MIC,计算部分抑菌浓度指数(FIC),判定两药相互作用.结果 单独用药时Bp3及伊曲康唑对伊曲康唑耐药白念珠菌菌株MIC的几何均数值(GM值)分别为1.941 μg/mL和1.008 μg/mL.联合用药时Bp3和伊曲康唑的GM值分别降低为1.189 μg/mL和0.346 μg/mL.2种药物单用和联合使用时MIC值差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),联用时在20株耐药株均表现为协同或相加作用.结论 五环三萜类单体Bp3对白念珠菌伊曲康唑耐药株有一定的抑制作用,且与伊曲康唑有协同或相加作用.     

小鼠烟曲霉角膜炎的实验研究

目的 比较伊曲康唑和氟康唑对烟曲霉的体外抗菌活性,观察伊曲康唑对小鼠烟曲霉角膜炎的治疗作用.方法 通过角膜基质注射法建立烟曲霉角膜炎小鼠模型.造模后观察角膜病变,取角膜病变处分泌物做真菌镜检、真菌培养以证实造模成功.用药基法检测伊曲康唑和氟康唑对烟曲霉的最低抑菌浓度( MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MFC).对烟曲霉角膜炎小鼠给予伊曲康唑治疗,治疗结束行临床评分、炎性评分、菌落形成单位测定以评价疗效.结果 伊曲康唑对烟曲霉的MIC和MFC分别为6.25 μg/mL、12.5 μg/mL;氟康唑对烟曲霉的MIC和MFC分别为500 μg/mL、1 000 μg/mL.伊曲康唑治疗组临床评分、炎性评分和测定的菌落数较对照组均明显减少(P＜0.05).结论 伊曲康唑对烟曲霉的体外抗菌活性优于氟康唑,并且对烟曲霉性角膜炎有明显疗效.     

烟酰胺及联合伊曲康唑体外抗烟曲霉活性研究CSCD

目的检测烟酰胺及联合伊曲康唑的抗烟曲霉活性。方法采用CLSI推荐的M38-A2肉汤稀释法及棋盘式微量液基稀释法检测烟酰胺与伊曲康唑对15株烟曲霉的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和协同指数(FICI),通过荧光定量PCR检测加药后烟曲霉的相关基因表达水平。结果烟酰胺对烟曲霉具有抑制作用,MIC为12.8~25.6 mg/mL;烟酰胺与伊曲康唑具有协同抗菌作用,协同指数<0.5;膜蛋白相关基因与外排泵相关基因在烟酰胺单用及联合用药下,表达下调。结论烟酰胺具有抑制烟曲霉及增强伊曲康唑抗烟曲霉的作用,抑菌及增效作用与下调烟曲霉膜蛋白基因和外排泵基因表达有关。     

新型植物生长延缓剂和杀菌剂—优康唑简介

理化性质优康唑(Uniconazole)化学名称是(E)-1-对氯苯基-2-(1,2,4-三唑-1-基)-4,4-二甲基-1-戊烯-3-醇[(E)1-p-Chlorophenyl-2-(1,2,4-trizaol-1-yl)-4,4-dimethyl-1-penten-3-ol],结构式如下图,又名Pentefezol,实验代号S-3307, S-07和S-3270(为0.04％优康唑颗粒剂)是住友化学公司在80年代初推出的高效植物生长延缓剂和杀菌剂。优康唑纯品为白色结晶,熔点162～163℃,在水中的溶     

ε-多聚赖氨酸和谷胱甘肽影响抗真菌药物对烟曲霉作用效果

为了解多肽ε-多聚赖氨酸和谷胱甘肽对常见抗真菌药物体外抗人类病原真菌烟曲霉效果的影响,利用平板点菌实验、最低抑菌浓度实验中的微量液基法和E-test法,以及ROS检测等方法研究ε-多聚赖氨酸和谷胱甘肽在抗真菌药物体外抗烟曲霉过程中的作用以及可能的作用机制。通过基因定点敲除谷胱甘肽合成酶基因gcsA和gshA观察细胞内谷胱甘肽对于烟曲霉生长的重要性。结果显示,ε-多聚赖氨酸与抗真菌药物尤其是卡泊芬净和伊曲康唑呈协同作用;而谷胱甘肽则能够明显地拮抗伊曲康唑和卡泊芬净的抗烟曲霉作用。ε-多聚赖氨酸与伊曲康唑联用时菌体内的ROS含量比单独使用伊曲康唑时显著增多,而谷胱甘肽与伊曲康唑联用时菌体内的ROS含量比伊曲康唑单独使用时减少。基因敲除实验结果显示γ-L-谷氨酰-L-半胱氨酸合成酶基因gcsA为烟曲霉生长必需基因,而谷胱甘肽合成酶基因gshA对生长没有明显影响。结果表明,ε-多聚赖氨酸与谷胱甘肽影响了伊曲康唑和卡泊芬净对烟曲霉的作用。ε-多聚赖氨酸通过促进伊曲康唑刺激细胞产生ROS诱导烟曲霉死亡从而实现协同作用。谷胱甘肽为细胞内必需还原型多肽,通过消除胞内伊曲康唑诱导产生的ROS从而产生拮抗作用。     

伊曲康唑对皮肤癣菌形态学影响研究

目的观察皮肤癣菌在伊曲康唑作用下的形态学变化。方法应用美国CLSI制订的标准M38-A方案进行伊曲康唑对皮肤癣菌的体外药敏试验,测定最小抑菌浓度（MIC）,将伊曲康唑作用前后的皮肤癣菌分别制成标本,在光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜下观察形态学变化。结果伊曲康唑作用于皮肤癣菌后,在光学显微镜下菌丝变得弯曲、短粗,顶端和局部出现膨大;扫描电子显微镜下菌丝变得弯曲、短粗、干瘪,顶端和局部出现膨大,有不规则分支,表面粗糙,有大小不等的凹陷;透射电子显微镜下菌丝变得皱缩,有凹陷,双层细胞壁结构消失或不完整,细胞膜不连续,皱缩细胞膜和细胞壁之间及胞浆内出现许多小的高电子密度颗粒,细胞器也变得不清晰。结论伊曲康唑使皮肤癣菌的形态发生明显变化。     

伊曲康唑治疗隐球菌性脑膜炎1例报告并文献复习

隐球菌性脑膜炎是一种严重危害人类健康的疾病,致死率和病残率均较高。伊曲康唑是三唑类广谱抗真菌药物,体外药敏试验显示其具有良好的抗隐球菌活性。但由于伊曲康唑难以通过血脑屏障,在脑脊液中的浓度较低,     

烯效唑对沉水植物伊乐藻(Elodea nuttallii)生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响

研究了烯效唑对沉水植物伊乐藻生长及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,烯效唑可以刺激伊乐藻新芽萌发,新生枝条节间距减小,叶片紧密,同时烯效唑对成熟枝条的生长具有明显的抑制作用。低浓度（≤1．0mg／L）、短时间的烯效唑暴露可促进叶绿素a含量的增加,随着暴露时间的延长,处理组叶绿素a含量降低,叶绿素b含量显著增加。烯效唑胁迫下,伊乐藻体内3种抗氧化酶反应灵敏,SOD活性受到显著诱导,CAT活性先升高后降低,POD活性先升高后降低后又升高。说明烯效唑可对植物产生氧化胁迫,诱导抗氧化酶活性升高,当胁迫超过一定强度时,活性氧不能及时清除,对植物体产生氧化损伤。     

Restoration of gibberellin biosynthesis by 2,6-diisopropylphenoxyacetic acid in uniconazole-treated rice plants

2,6-Diisopropylphenoxyacetic acid (DIPA), a promoter of growth and flowering of Sagittaria species, was found to improve the shoot growth of rice plants treated with uniconazole, an inhibitor of gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis. In a modified micro-drop bioassay using semi-dwarf rice, Oryza sativa L. cv. Tan-ginbozu, in which uniconazole had been incorporated into the agar medium, a significant recovery from growth inhibition was observed for both the 3rd and the 4th leaf sheaths but not for the 2nd sheath. In greenhouse experiments, uniconazole-treated rice plants partially recovered from growth inhibition when DIPA was applied after uniconazole treatment, whereas DIPA applied with, or before, uniconazole treatment did not improve growth. The levels of GA₁ and GA₂₀ in the rice plants treated with uniconazole plus DIPA were almost equal to those of the untreated controls, indicating that the observed growth recovery is attributable to the restoration of GA biosynthesis by DIPA.     

Imposition of water stress in wheat seedlings improves the efficacy of uniconazole-induced thermal resistance

Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L. cv. Fredrick) seedlings (seed) treated with different concentrations of uniconazole (S-3307) were water stressed by withholding water for 2, 4 and 6 days. Subsequently, the water-stressed seedlings were exposed to heat shock at 45°C for 3 h. Chlorophyll fluorescence, stress-ethylene and percentage survival were the parameters used to monitor the efficacy of protection against thermal stress by uniconazole. In the control seedlings, water stress for 2 days prior to heat shock provided minimal protection, whereas uniconazole protected both water-stressed and non-stressed seedlings from heat injury. However, the degree of protection by uniconazole was enhanced if the seedlings were subjected to water stress (2–4 days) prior to the heat shock. In addition to protection against heat injury, uniconazole also reduced stress-induced (water and heat) ethytene levels.     

Translocation and degradation of injected uniconazole in apple during a 4-month growing period

One-year-old ‘Golden Delicious’ apple trees grafted onto MM 106 rootstocks were injected in the rootstock stem (shank) with¹⁴C-uniconazole to determine the extent to which uniconazole is translocated and degraded over the length of an average growing season. In 4 months, 16% of recovered¹⁴C-activity was translocated to the new shoots. Most of the¹⁴C-activity remained in the rootstock. Chromatographic evaluation of shoot extracts demonstrated that the¹⁴C-activity associated with uniconazole decreased 49% in 4 months. However, shoot growth was still inhibited which suggests that the amount of uniconazole that was degraded did not interfere with the inhibition of gibberellin biosynthesis, probably due to the continuous translocation of uniconazole that occurred.     

Uniconazole (S-3307) induced cadmium tolerance in wheat

Uniconazole, a triazole, was applied to seed at a concentration of 0. l g kg^–1 seed to protect wheat plants from the toxic metal cadmium (Cd). The degree of protection afforded by uniconazole against Cd toxicity was assessed by measuring fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots and by estimating the chlorophyll and solute leakage level in the leaves. Fresh weights and dry weights of roots and shoots were higher in Cd + uniconazole treated plants compared to uniconazole and cadmium treatment alone. Uniconazole + cadmium treated plants were darker in color, having more chlorophyll. Solute leakage was increased with the increasing concentrations of Cd and loss of membrane permeability was alleviated by the use of uniconazole.     

烯效唑浸种对玉米苗期某些光合特性的影响

经烯效唑浸种后的玉米苗期叶片变厚,比叶重增加,叶片叶绿素含量和叶绿素a/b比值增加,PEP羧化酶活性增强,净光合速率提高;以40mg·kg-1烯效唑浸种的效果最好.     

Response of chrysanthemum to uniconazole and daminozide applied as dip to cuttings or as foliar spray

Uniconazole and daminozide were used as dip on unrooted cuttings or as foliar spray on pinched Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev. Dalvina to control height. Stem elongation was determined on cuttings dipped in solutions of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, or 10 mg/L uniconazole or cuttings were dipped and later treated with foliar sprays in concentrations of 1.25/5, 1.25/10, 2.5/10, and 5/5 mg/L uniconazole, respectively. Other plants were sprayed once or twice with uniconazole at 10 mg/L. Daminozide treatments included a pre-plant dip/foliar spray application of 1000/2000 mg/L, respectively, or two foliar sprays of 2,000 mg/L. Uniconazole dip alone retarded stem elongation linearly up to 8 weeks after propagation, 5 weeks after pinching, but was not discernible from the control treatment 8 weeks after pinching. Uniconazole at 2.5/10 and 5/5 mg/L as a dip/spray combination resulted in plants 33% shorter than the control at the end of the production. Doubling uniconazole dip or spray treatments from 5 to 10 mg/L provided no additional reduction of stem elongation. The single uniconazole spray and both daminozide treatments had no effect on final height, although daminozide treatments reduced stem dry weight compared to the control. Stem dry weight was reduced by uniconazole dip/spray combinations compared to dip treatments alone. Similarly, inflorescence and root dry weights were also reduced by the highest uniconazole concentrations. Higher concentrations of uniconazole reduced transpiration on a per leaf area basis up to 47% compared to the control at the end of production. In contrast to previous work, leaf area and leaf thickness increased with some uniconazole treatments, while time to anthesis was not affected by any of the treatments.     

Uniconazole-induced tolerance of rape plants to heat stress in relation to changes in hormonal levels, enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation

Winter rape (Brassica napus L. cv. 601) seedlings were treated with 50 mg.l-1of foliar-applied uniconazole and then exposed to heat stress with a light/dark temperature regime of 43 °C/38 °C for 3 days at the stem elongation stage. Heat stressed plants contained lower endogenous GA3, IAA and zeatin contents than the controls, while ABA content and ethylene level were increased significantly. Uniconazole-treated plants had lower endogenous GA3 and IAA contents, and higher zeatin and ABA contents and ethylene levels. Leaf chlorophyll content and respiratory capacity of roots were reduced markedly after plants were subjected to heat stress, and foliar sprays of uniconazole retarded the degradation of chlorophyll and increased respiratory capacity of roots. Following exposure to heat, the activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase were significantly reduced. Uniconazole-induced heat tolerance was accompanied by increased activities of various antioxidant enzymes. Foliar applications of uniconazole reduced electrolyte leakage and malondialdehyde accumulation caused by heat stress, suggesting that uniconazole may have decreased heat-induced lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Foliar sprays of uniconazole increased the tolerance of rape plants to heat stress.     

Seed Film Coating with Uniconazole Improves Rape Seedling Growth in Relation to Physiological Changes Under Waterlogging Stress

Waterlogging is an important constraint of global production of rape. The effects of seed film coating with 0.0075% uniconazole on the growth and physiology was investigated using seedlings from three varieties of rape (Brassica napus L.) subjected to waterlogging. While seed coating with uniconazole had no significant effect on germination percentage during waterlogging stress, it enhanced root vigour, increased root length, root volume and root dry weight. It also significantly enhanced leaf dry weight and ratio of root to shoot, but induced a significant decrease in shoot height and stem dry weight. Seed film coating with uniconazole also significantly increased the activities of the antioxidant enzymes, POD, CAT and SOD, and soluble sugar concentration during waterlogging. Thus, it suggests that seed film coating with uniconazole at a suitable concentration can improve rape seedling growth and increase seedling establishment during waterlogging.