培养的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞生化特性观察

用胶原酶消化、差异离心和尼龙网过滤的方法分离鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,建立其体外长期培养方法。经形态学、免疫组化,酶学鉴定,培养细胞为脑微血管内皮细胞,动态观察培养细胞酶含量变化,发现随着细胞培养时间的延长,血管紧张素转换酶Ⅰ（ACE）呈上升趋势,而γ－谷氨酰胺转化酶（γ-GT）和硷性磷酸酶（ALP）则明显下降,实验结果提示,血脑屏障的主要功能酶γ－GT和ALP可作为体外脑微血管内皮细胞的标志酶,但要维持长时间体外表达则需要某种因子的介导。本实验可为体外研究血脑屏障及相关疾病提供帮助。     

鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的分离与长期培养

采用胶原酶消化、差速离心、尼龙网滤过技术分离和获取鼠脑微血管内皮细胞,接种后4h换液使获得的内皮细胞纯化,体外进行长期培养。细胞在体外生长176天,传至30代,细胞初期成活率为92％,纯度近90％。经形态学、超微结构和免疫组化鉴定,培养细胞为血管内皮细胞。培养至第30代的细胞仍能合成和分泌PGI2、ACE等,ⅧF:Ag阳性表达,染色体为二倍体(2n=42),基本保持着细胞的主要特征。该分离和培养方法的建立,将为研究与脑血管相关疾病提供有用工具。     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的分离与原代培养

为了建立大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞体外培养模型,探索纯度较高的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞分离和原代培养的方法并进行形态学观察。采用2～3周龄的SD大鼠,解剖得到大脑皮质,两次酶消化及牛血清白蛋白或葡聚糖和Percoll梯度离心获得较纯的脑微血管段后,接种于涂布基质的培养皿进行原代培养;培养的细胞采用相差显微镜形态学观察、透射电镜观察及Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测鉴定。结果发现,培养12h即可见细胞从贴壁的脑微血管段周围长出,细胞呈短梭形,区域性单层生长,5～7天内皮细胞融合,内皮细胞纯度达90％以上;内皮细胞的贴壁和生长有赖于所涂布的基质,纤连蛋白／Ⅳ型胶原优于鼠尾胶和明胶;Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测内皮细胞表达阳性,透射电镜观察可见相邻内皮细胞间存在紧密连接结构。提示该方法能成功进行纯度较高的大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞原代培养,可用于脑微血管内皮的生理、生化及药理学研究,亦可用于构建大鼠血脑屏障模型。     

肺微血管内皮细胞的原代培养

目的:建立简单高效获取大鼠肺微血管内皮细胞(pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells,PMVECs)的培养方法.方法:(1)组织块贴壁法培养大鼠PMVECs;(2)光镜下观察细胞的形态;(3)扫描电镜和透射电镜分别观察细胞表面及内部的结构特征;(4)免疫荧光法鉴定PMVECs.结果:(1)获得的PMVECs长满后呈典型的铺路石或鹅卵石状;(2)扫描电镜下可见内皮细胞表面存在微绒毛等特殊结构;(3)透射电镜观察可见细胞浆内存在韦伯潘力氏小体(Webel Palade body,WPB);(4)免疫组化结果显示细胞浆中有Ⅷ因子相关抗原存在.结论:改良的组织块法培养肺微血管内皮细胞是一种简单、快捷,有效的方法.     

大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞培养及其药物转运体Oatp2和P-gp的表达

贴块法培养脑微血管内皮细胞(BMECs),倒置显微镜动态观察细胞生长及形态,Ⅷ因子相关抗原、CD34免疫细胞化学联合鉴定细胞并确定纯度。免疫细胞化学和Western印迹法检测药物转运体有机阴离子转运多肽亚型2(Oatp2)及P-糖蛋白(P-gp)在培养内皮细胞上的表达。结果显示,获得的BMECs呈多角形或铺路石形,单层贴壁生长;培养细胞Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学、CD34免疫荧光染色均为阳性,细胞纯度90%;培养细胞有Oatp2及P-gp表达,且二者均主要表达于BMECs细胞膜。提示贴块法可获得原代培养BMECs,方法简便易行,细胞纯度较高。原代培养的BMECs上有药物转运体Oatp2及P-gp的表达,为血脑屏障上药物转运体的体外研究提供了可能途径。     

原代小鼠肺微血管内皮细胞的培养及鉴定

目的建立一种简单高效的小鼠肺微血管内皮细胞原代培养方法。方法选取2～3周ICR小鼠,剪开胸腹腔,取距离肺边缘约1.5mm组织,剪碎成米粒状,置于含有培养液的离心管中,离心洗涤后种瓶进行原代培养。通过细胞形态学观察、细胞Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学染色鉴定所培养的细胞。结果接种24h后,红细胞从贴壁的肺组织块边缘向四周游离;48h后,肺微血管内皮细胞爬出,单个细胞形态为多角形或短梭形,细胞间隙较大,胞核清晰,胞浆丰富;96h后细胞融合,呈典型的单层、铺路石样镶嵌式排列。细胞Ⅷ因子免疫细胞化学染色检测,胞质呈棕红色,表达为阳性,阳性细胞率达98%以上。结论随机组织块法能够成功高效分离培养出原代小鼠肺微血管内皮细胞。     

流动剪切力对鼠脑微血管内皮细胞ICAM—1表达的影响

利用内皮细胞流动小室方法,对大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞的剪切力作用下细胞内粘附分子－1（ICAM－1,intercellular adhesion molecule-1）的表达进行了研究。图像分析结果提示,脑微血管内皮细胞在剪切力作用下ICAM－1的表达呈特异上调,且存在着时间依赖性,与一定范围内的剪切力强度无关,用对细胞施加剪切力作用后提取上清液孵育内皮细胞的方法证明：剪切力对鼠脑微血管内皮细胞ICAM－1表达的影响,是直接作用于内皮细胞引起的细胞内的直接反应,而不是剪切力导致细胞先释放细胞因子,释放的细胞因子再引起ICAM－1变化的间接反应。该工作为进一步开展剪切力对微血管内皮细胞信号转导机制的影响提供了实验数据。     

牛视网膜微血管内皮细胞的培养和鉴定

牛视网膜微血管内皮细胞的培养和鉴定ＣＵＬＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＺＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＯＶＩＮＥＲＥＴＩＮＡＬＣＡＰＩＬＬＡＲＹＥＮＤＯＴＨＥＬＩＡＬＣＥＬＬ关键词内皮细胞微血管视网膜体外培养牛ＫｅｙｗｏｒｄｓＥｎｄｏｔｈｅｌｉａｌｃｅｌｓ,...     

单筛过滤法体外分离培养原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞及其鉴定

目的 采用单筛过滤法获取脑微血管以培养纯度高、活性好的原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞。方法 取4周龄SD大鼠脑皮质,经剪碎、单层细胞筛网过滤、收集网上截留组织、Ⅱ型胶原酶消化后,置于CO₂培养箱中进行原代培养。通过细胞形态学观察、第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学染色检测鉴定所培养的目的细胞。结果 体外培养24 h后,短梭形细胞从脑微血管段周围爬出;48 h后“岛屿状”的细胞团簇形成;96 h后细胞融合,呈典型的单层、“铺路石样”、镶嵌式贴壁生长。第Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫细胞化学染色检测显示细胞胞质呈现棕红色,表达为阳性。结论 单筛过滤法能够成功分离培养出原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞。     

通络救脑注射液对脑微血管内皮细胞活性影响的特征

目的：观察通络救脑注射液对培养的正常及缺血脑微血管内皮细胞的活性影响。揭示其通络作用的效应靶点与特征。方法：原代培养大鼠脑皮质微血管内皮细胞,传至第三代。分为正常及拟缺血组,采用培养基氧糖刺夺（OGD）法建立拟缺血模型。通过四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）比色分析法测定不同浓度的通络救脑注射液对正常及OGD内皮细胞的活性影响。结果：通络救脑注射液作用于正常脑微血管内皮细胞,与未加药组比较,小剂量药物抑制细胞活性趋势,大剂量促进细胞活性趋势,剂量总趋势呈反抛物线形;通络救脑注射液作用于OGD组脑微血管内皮细胞,小剂量范围促进内皮细胞的增殖活性,呈显著和极显著差异,而大剂量组则抑制细胞活性,剂量总趋势呈抛物线形。结论：通络救脑注射液对正常及缺血脑微血管内皮细胞具有双向调节作用,药物剂量与细胞增殖活性呈非线性关系。天剂量与小剂量可能是不同的作用机制,反映了中药复方药效的多维性。     

机械力对鼠脑微血管内皮细胞膜电流的影响

采用膜片钳技术以全细胞方式在鼠脑微血管内皮细胞中记录到一延迟外向电流,对Ｋ＾＋具有高度特异性,胞外施加２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＴＥＡ－Ｃｌ在明显抑制该电流。实验的保持电位定在－１００ｍＶ,测试电位从－１００ｍＶ至＋９０ｍＶ,每次增加１０ｍＶ,刺激波宽为２１００ｍｓ。该电流具有ＴＥＡ敏感,并有浓度依赖性,其ＩＣ５０约为２．０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,类似延迟整流性钾电流特征（ＩＫｖ）。机械力作用下可引出一外向电流,膜     

A Novel Brain Neurovascular Unit Model with Neurons,Astrocytes and Microvascular Endothelial Cells of Rat

A novel triple cell neurovascular unit (NVU) model co-culturing with neurons, brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and astrocytes was established in this study for investigating the cerebral diseases and screening the candidates of therapeutic drug. We have first performed the cell identification and morphological characterization, analyzed the specific protein expression and determined the blood-brain barrier (BBB) function of the co-culture model under normal condition. Then, we further determined the BBB function, inflammation, cell injury and the variation of neuroprotective factor in this model after anoxia-reoxygenation. The results suggest that this model exhibited a better BBB function and significantly increased expression of P-glycoprotein (Pg-P) and ZO-1 compared with BMECs only or co-culture with astrocytes or neurons. After anoxia-reoxygenation, the pathological changes of this model were basically resemblance to the pathological changes of brain cells and BBB in vivo. And nimodipine, an antagonist of calcium, could reverse those changes as well. According to our observations, we deduce that this triple cell co-culture model exhibits the basic structure, function and cell-cell interaction of NVU, which may offer a more proper in vitro system of NVU for the further investigation of cerebral diseases and drug screening.     

内质网应激条件下血管内皮细胞生长因子在人脑微血管内皮细胞中的表达

为观察内质网应激条件下血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达情况,用不同浓度的衣霉素处理体外培养的人脑微血管内皮细胞,建立内质网应激模型,采用RT—PCR、蛋白质免疫印迹以及免疫细胞化学的方法检测了细胞内血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达。结果发现血管内皮细胞生长因子在人脑微血管内皮细胞中存在一定的表达;内质网应激可诱导血管内皮细胞生长因子表达升高,随着衣霉素浓度的增高,血管内皮细胞生长因子的表达逐渐增加,与mRNA水平相比,血管内皮细胞生长因子蛋白量的增加更明显。实验结果提示人脑微血管内皮细胞中存在血管内皮细胞生长因子自分泌,血管内皮细胞生长因子可能是内质网应激的靶基因。     

大肠杆菌yijP侵袭蛋白诱导人脑微血管内皮细胞凋亡

为研究大肠杆菌的脑微血管内皮细胞侵袭基因yijP的功能,将yijP基因（1．04kb）克隆到pQE30表达载体,构建表达产物为N末端带有6个组氨酸（His）序列的yijP汇合蛋白,以M15（pREP4）为受体菌,大量表达（His）6-yijP汇合蛋白,利用Ni—NTA亲和层析纯化汇合蛋白,将经透析法复性的一定浓度的（His）6-yijP蛋白加入到体外培养的人脑微血管内皮细胞中,结果显示yijP蛋白对人脑微血管内皮细胞有较强的细胞毒作用：在相差显微镜下可观察到细胞皱缩、胞膜呈泡状膨出,随着时间延长细胞逐渐脱落;荧光显微镜下可见细胞核呈现为致密团块状或圆形浓染颗粒状,呈凋亡样改变：DNA琼脂糖凝胶电泳可见DNA阶梯状条带;流式细胞仪显示在正常二倍体峰之前出现一个亚二倍体峰;Western印迹可检测到caspase-3的活性片段。这些现象均出现在yijP蛋白作用于人脑微血管内皮细胞的16h之后,提示在大肠杆菌侵袭人脑微血管内皮细胞过程中,yijP蛋白可能起到诱导脑微血管内皮细胞迟发性凋亡的毒素作用。     

Isolation of Primary Murine Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells

The blood-brain-barrier is ultrastructurally assembled by a monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC) interconnected by a junctional complex of tight and adherens junctions. Together with other cell-types such as astrocytes or pericytes, they form the neurovascular unit (NVU), which specifically regulates the interchange of fluids, molecules and cells between the peripheral blood and the CNS. Through this complex and dynamic system BMECs are involved in various processes maintaining the homeostasis of the CNS. A dysfunction of the BBB is observed as an essential step in the pathogenesis of many severe CNS diseases. However, specific and targeted therapies are very limited, as the underlying mechanisms are still far from being understood. Animal and in vitro models have been extensively used to gain in-depth understanding of complex physiological and pathophysiological processes. By reduction and simplification it is possible to focus the investigation on the subject of interest and to exclude a variety of confounding factors. However, comparability and transferability are also reduced in model systems, which have to be taken into account for evaluation. The most common animal models are based on mice, among other reasons, mainly due to the constantly increasing possibilities of methodology. In vitro studies of isolated murine BMECs might enable an in-depth analysis of their properties and of the blood-brain-barrier under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Further insights into the complex mechanisms at the BBB potentially provide the basis for new therapeutic strategies.This protocol describes a method to isolate primary murine microvascular endothelial cells by a sequence of physical and chemical purification steps. Special considerations for purity and cultivation of MBMECs as well as quality control, potential applications and limitations are discussed.     

Stretch in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells (cEND) as an In Vitro Traumatic Brain Injury Model of the Blood Brain Barrier

Due to the high mortality incident brought about by traumatic brain injury (TBI), methods that would enable one to better understand the underlying mechanisms involved in it are useful for treatment. There are both in vivo and in vitro methods available for this purpose. In vivo models can mimic actual head injury as it occurs during TBI. However, in vivo techniques may not be exploited for studies at the cell physiology level. Hence, in vitro methods are more advantageous for this purpose since they provide easier access to the cells and the extracellular environment for manipulation.Our protocol presents an in vitro model of TBI using stretch injury in brain microvascular endothelial cells. It utilizes pressure applied to the cells cultured in flexible-bottomed wells. The pressure applied may easily be controlled and can produce injury that ranges from low to severe. The murine brain microvascular endothelial cells (cEND) generated in our laboratory is a well-suited model for the blood brain barrier (BBB) thus providing an advantage to other systems that employ a similar technique. In addition, due to the simplicity of the method, experimental set-ups are easily duplicated. Thus, this model can be used in studying the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in TBI at the BBB.     

辛伐他汀对雷帕霉素作用下心肌微血管内皮细胞的影响

目的:研究辛伐他汀(SIM)对雷帕霉素(RAPA)引起的体外心肌微血管内皮细胞(CMECs)损害的保护机制。方法:分离、培养大鼠心肌微血管内皮细胞。经形态学及Dil-ac-LDL吞噬试验进行鉴定后,采用RAPA(100 nM)处理24小时建立CMECs损伤模型,然后加入不同浓度的SIM(0,10-2,10-1,100,101μM)培养24小时后,采用MTT,WST-8及Transwell检测受损后CMECs的增殖和迁移;采用Hoechst 33258及Caspase-3检查各组CMECs的凋亡;采用蛋白免疫印迹(Western blotting)检测Akt/p70 S6K磷酸化的程度;格里斯反应及实时逆转录PCR分别检测一氧化氮(NO)含量及一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)mRNA的表达。结果:①经形态学及Dil-ac-LDL吞噬试验均表明,成功培养CMECs;②低浓度SIM 100μM可显著改善100 nM RAPA对CMECs增殖、迁移和凋亡的影响;③SIM可通过上调PI3K/Akt进而上调p70s6K磷酸化(P0.05或P0.01);④SIM通过PI3K/Akt促进CMECs分泌NO及eNOS mRNA的表达(P0.05或P0.01)。结论:一定浓度下的SIM可改善RAPA作用下CMECs的增殖,迁移和凋亡,这些保护作用可能是通过其激活PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K信号通路实现的。