Revision of the genus Stichillus Enderlein of Japan (Diptera: Phoridae)

The genus Stichillus in Japan is revised. Three species are recognized: S. japonicus (Matsumura), S. spinosus Liu and Chou and S. cylindratus sp. nov. Stichillus brunneicornis Beyer is excluded from the Japanese fauna. These Japanese species are described and keyed. The male genitalia and the female terminalia are illustrated. Some unique characters of the male genitalia in the genus are reported, and morphology of the male genitalia and the female terminalia is discussed.     

Taxonomic notes on the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) from Korea with descriptions of six new species

Six new species of the genus Holepyris (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae: Epyrinae) from Korea are described: H. brevicarinatus sp. nov., H. crinitus sp. nov., H. dimidiatus sp. nov., H. longicephalus sp. nov., H. mucro sp. nov. and H. multo sp. nov. They are described with illustrations of male genitalia and the biometric measurement data. A key to the Korean species of Holepyris based on males is provided.     

GENUS EROTIS MEYRICK (LEPIDOPTERA: OECOPHORIDAE) NEW FOR CHINA

Abstract  This paper reports the genus Erotis Meyrick for the first time from China. Two new species Erotis expansa sp. nov. and Erotis punctalosa sp. nov. are described. E. expansa sp. nov. is related to E. phosphora Meyrick both in appearance and in the male genitalia, but can be differentiated from the latter by uncus broader and slightly concave at middle of caudal margin, gnathos nearly as long as uncus and valva with costa almost straight in the male genitalia. E. punctalosa resembles E. expansa sp. nov. externally, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by the female genitalia: eighth tergite caudally almost straight; two signa large thorn-like, basal plate irregularly triangular in shape, with fine spines along anterior margin. The photographs of the adults and the genital structures of the new species are provided. A key to all the known species of Erotis is given.     

Heterochrony and growth rate variation mediate the development of divergent genital morphologies in closely related Ohomopterus ground beetles

The rapid divergence of genital morphology is well studied in the context of sexual selection and speciation; however, little is known about the developmental mechanisms underlying divergence in genitalia. Ground beetles in the subgenus Ohomopterus genus Carabus have species‐specific genitalia that show coevolutionary divergence between the sexes. In this study, using X‐ray microcomputed tomography, we examined the morphogenesis of male and female genitalia in two closely related Ohomopterus species with divergent genital morphologies. The morphogenetic processes generating the male and female genitalia at the pupal stage were qualitatively similar in the two species. The male aedeagus and internal sac and female bursa copulatrix were partially formed at pupation and developed gradually thereafter. The species‐specific genital parts, male copulatory piece, and female vaginal appendix differed in the timing and rate of development. The relatively long copulatory piece of Carabus maiyasanus began to develop earlier, but subsequent rates of growth were similar in the two species. The timing of the formation of the vaginal appendix and initial growth rates were similar, but subsequent rapid growth led to a longer vaginal appendix in C. maiyasanus. Thus, substantial interspecific differences in the size of genital parts were mediated by different underlying developmental mechanisms between the sexes (i.e., a shift in the developmental schedule in males and a change in growth rate in females). These results revealed the spatio–temporal dynamics of species‐specific genital structure development, providing a novel platform for evo–devo studies of the diversification of genital morphologies.     

中国新纪录属——平织蛾属Erotis(鳞翅目:织蛾科)研究(英文)

首次报道了平织蛾属Erotis Meyrick在中国的分布,并描述了2新种:阔平织蛾Erotis expansasp.nov.和点平织蛾Erotis punctalosa sp.nov.。阔平织蛾采自贵州江口,与Erotis phosphoraMeyrick相似,但其雄性外生殖器的爪形突较宽大,后缘中部微凹;颚形突几乎与爪形突等长;抱器背平直。点平织蛾采自广西防城,与阔平织蛾Erotis expansa sp.nov.外形近似,但其雌性第八腹节背板后缘较平直;囊突角状,基部骨化板为不规则三角形,其前缘有微刺。文中给出了该属世界已知种检索表。模式标本保存在南开大学生物系。     

Two new species of the genus Telephata Meyrick (Lepidoptera,Lecithoceridae) from Papua New Guinea with notes on T. nitens (Daikonoff), comb. nov.

Two new species of the genus Telephata Meyrick which has been known to be monotypic, T. melanista, sp. nov. and T. ferruginula, sp. nov., are described from Papua New Guinea. A known species from the island, Lecithocera nitens Daikonoff, is transferred to this genus; Telephata nitens (Diakonoff), comb. nov. Keys to the species of Telephata, based on external and genital characters are given, along with illustrations of adults, wing venations, and male genitalia.     

Taxonomic review of the genus Pseudostegania Butler, 1881, with description of four new species and comments on its tribal placement in the Larentiinae (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

The genus Pseudostegania Butler is revised. In addition to the two species known, four species are described as new: P. lijiangensis sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, P. qinlingensis sp. nov. from Gansu and Shaanxi Provinces, P. zhoui sp. nov. from Sichuan Province (China) and P. burmaensis sp. nov. from Burma (Myanmar); two species are newly combined with Pseudostegania: P. distinctaria (Leech, 1897), comb. nov. and P. yargongaria (Oberthür, 1916), comb. nov. All the known species are redescribed and lectotypes are designated for P. defectata (Christoph, 1881), P. distinctaria and P. yargongaria. The generic characters, based on all species, are summarized. The tribal placement of Pseudostegania is discussed. Illustrations of moths and genitalia are presented.     

Taxonomic review of Spiladarcha Meyrick (Lepidoptera: Urodoidea: Urodidae) with a new species from Venezuela

Spiladarcha adamskii sp. nov. is described from Venezuela and is compared to S. derelicta, the type species of the genus. Spiladarcha is characterized by the features of male genitalia, which have not been known previously for the genus. Spiladarcha are distinguished from its sister genus Wockia in having raised scales of small black spots along the upper surface of the forewing veins, a pair of setal zones on the apical part of the tegumen in the male genitalia, and a linguiform antrum and a zone of longitudinal pleats on the ductus bursae in the female genitalia.     

Abaristophora sachalinensis Michailovskaya (Diptera: Phoridae) representing genitalic affinities with the genus Borophaga Enderlein

Abaristophora sachalinensis Michailovskaya is reviewed based on Japanese materials. Its male genitalia are compared with those of the genus Borophaga, which is a genus in a group of the related genera, the Borophaga subgroup. A synapomorphic character of the Borophaga subgroup including Abaristophora, the left flattened arm derived from the posterodorsal margin of the hypandrium being broadened at the base, is confirmed in A. sachalinensis. Morphology of the aedeagus in A. sachalinensis is complex and extremely asymmetric, and very similar to that of species of the genus Borophaga, but the characters observed in this study are not regarded as synapomorphic for the Borophaga subgroup.     

The function and evolution of male and female genitalia in Phyllophaga Harris scarab beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Genitalia diversity in insects continues to fuel investigation of the function and evolution of these dynamic structures. Whereas most studies have focused on variation in male genitalia, an increasing number of studies on female genitalia have uncovered comparable diversity among females, but often at a much finer morphological scale. In this study, we analysed the function and evolution of male and female genitalia in Phyllophaga scarab beetles, a group in which both sexes exhibit genitalic diversity. To document the interaction between male and female structures during mating, we dissected flash‐frozen mating pairs from three Phyllophaga species and investigated fine‐scale morphology using SEM. We then reconstructed ancestral character states using a species tree inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear loci to elucidate and compare the evolutionary history of male and female genitalia. Our dissections revealed an interlocking mechanism of the female pubic process and male parameres that appears to improve the mechanical fit of the copulatory position. The comparative analyses, however, did not support coevolution of male and female structures and showed more erratic evolution of the female genitalia relative to males. By studying a group that exhibits obvious female genitalic diversity, we were able to demonstrate the relevance of female reproductive morphology in studies of male genital diversity.     

Tricalcaria Han gen. nov., a remarkable new genus with three hind‐tibial spurs belonging to the tribe Trichopterygini,with description of a new species from China (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Larentiinae)

Tricalcaria Han gen. nov. and its type species Tricalcaria stueningi Han sp. nov. are described from China. Morphological characters, including those of the male and female genitalia, are figured. The main diagnostic characters of Tricalcaria are: hind tibia with three spurs in both male and female; ventral margin of costal protrusion bearing a series of long, hook‐like, sclerotized setae in the male genitalia; female papilla analis modified and bearing over part of its surface broad blade‐like sclerotized setae. The wing pattern, venation, and genitalia of this genus are compared with those of the most closely related genera, Tristeirometa Holloway, 1997, Hypocometa Warren, 1896, and Phthonoloba Warren, 1893. Tribal placement is discussed, with the conclusion that the new genus should be placed in the tribe Trichopterygini.     

Megapanorpa,a new genus with a single anal horn in males from Oriental China (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

A new genus of Panorpidae, Megapanorpa gen. nov. , is erected for five new species, Megapanorpa grandis sp. nov. (type species), M. absens sp. nov. , M. gaokaii sp. nov. , M. jiangorum sp. nov. and M. wanghongjiani sp. nov. This genus is similar to Cerapanorpa Gao et al., 2016 in a single anal horn on the sixth tergum of male, but can be differentiated from the latter by the following characters: the seventh abdominal segment of male is constricted and stalk‐like at base, the subgenital plate of female with a pair of lateral plates, and the medigynium of female with a concealed axis. Keys to genera of Panorpidae and species of Megapanorpa gen. nov. are presented. The morphology and function of anal horns in different genera and species have been discussed.     

Updating the knowledge of assassin bug cockroaches (Blattodea: Blaberidae: Paranauphoeta Brunner von Wattenwyl): Species from China and taxonomic changes

The investigation into the cockroach genus Paranauphoeta Brunner von Wattenwyl is insufficient, and there is a lack of taxonomic documentation of this genus from China. Recently, the authors obtained some newly collected specimens which facilitated this study. In this paper the generalized morphology of Paranauphoeta is interpreted in detail, particularly for the male phallic complex, which is illustrated as a whole rather than in pieces. The taxonomy of Paranauphoeta species from China is revised. One out of four species recorded from China, P. indica Saussure & Zehntner, is removed; instead, P. kirby nom. nov. is recorded from China. Together with three new species described in this paper, namely, P. anulata sp. nov. , P. brachyptera sp. nov. and P. lineola sp. nov. , a total of seven Paranauphoeta species are now known to occur in China, whose habitus photos are provided. The new species confirm that this genus is wing‐polymorphic. Male structures, if available, are illustrated. Female structures and oothecae, of which knowledge is limited in this genus and also in cockroach taxonomy, are illustrated or documented, respectively. A key to and a distribution map of the Paranauphoeta species from China are provided. In addition, P. atra Shelford nom. rev. , P. sinica Bey‐Bienko stat. nov. and P. vietnamensis Anisyutkin stat. nov. are regarded as valid separate species.     

中国簇角飞虱属一新种并附分种检索表（半翅目：蜡蝉总科）

记述中国簇角飞虱属Belocera Muir 1新种:拟褐额簇角飞虱B. parafuscifrons sp. nov.,本新种与其近似种褐额簇角飞虱B. fuscifrons Chen, 2002的区别在于:阳茎直,端向略狭,端部具4个刺状突起,其右侧端突基部具1小齿;阳基侧突侧观端部2/5强烈弯曲,外端角角状。文章提供了成虫及雄、雌性外生殖器特征图,编制了属的分种检索表。研究标本保存在西北农林科技大学昆虫博物馆。     

A new tropiduchid planthopper genus and species from China with descriptions of in copula genitalic structures (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha)

Abstract The new planthopper taxon, Garumnella bella gen.n. , sp.n. , from Xizang, China, is described and illustrated, including external morphology of adult and eggs and structures of the male and female genitalia. The new genus is compared with Garumna Melichar and Paragarumna Muir, resulting in Paragarumna ( syn.n. ) being placed as a junior synonym of Garumna, with two new combinations, i.e. Garumna pseudolepida (Muir) comb.n. and Garumna melichari Baker comb.rev. New locality records for Garumna species are given. The morphology of the genitalia and egg of a copulating pair of the new genus is investigated. The female has a ventrally sclerotized posterior vagina forming a torsion groove, an unusual long membranous anterior vagina and an enlarged common oviduct. During copulation both the aedeagus and the torsion groove appear tightly interlocked, which may help to maintain the copulatory position. The aedeagus is observed in the bursa copulatrix.