不同生境中桂花和夹竹桃叶际细菌的群落结构

植物叶际微生物多样性是目前植物-微生物关系研究的热点之一,但影响叶际微生物群落结构的主要因素目前还存在很大争议.本研究以生长在3处生境的桂花和夹竹桃为对象,基于高通量测序技术,分析2种植物叶际细菌的群落结构,探讨影响植物叶际细菌群落结构的主要因素.结果表明:来自3处生境的2种植物叶际细菌多样性无显著差异,构成叶际细菌群落的优势门主要包括放线菌门、拟杆菌门、衣原体门、蓝细菌门、厚壁菌门和变形菌门,优势属主要包括甲基杆菌属、鞘氨醇单胞菌属、薄层杆属、Polaromonas和无毛螺旋体属.植物种类、生境及二者的交互作用均能显著影响叶际细菌群落结构,其中生境的影响最大.     

中国化石植物志第三卷 中国化石裸子植物

<正>主编:孙克勤崔金钟王士俊书号:978-7-04-044160-4出版时间:2016年1月定价:320.00(上、下册)内容简介本书系统介绍了中国化石裸子植物的分布、研究历史和组成特征等,内容包括前裸子植物门、种子蕨植物门、苏铁植物门、银杏植物门、松柏植物门、买麻藤纲和分类位置不明的裸子植物,共涉及170属,624种,含化石图版280幅。     

植物microRNA的保守性及其分布的分析

MicroRNA(miRNA)是真核生物中具有重要调控作用的小分子非编码RNA。本文对miRNA官网miRBase数据库Release 22.1中隶属于植物界的绿藻门、苔藓植物门、蕨类植物门、裸子植物门、被子植物门共计82个物种的miRNA进行了统计分析。miRBase共收录植物miRNA 前体8 615个,成熟miRNA 10 414条,隶属于2 892个miRNA家族。绿藻门miRNA与其他4个门miRNA无同源性;对其他4个门植物miRNA的保守性进行研究,发现存在于2个植物门的miRNA家族有26个,属于中度保守miRNA家族;14个miRNA家族存在于3个及3个以上植物门中,属于高度保守miRNA家族,其中7个miRNA家族系苔藓、蕨类、裸子和被子植物共有,是植物中最保守的miRNA。分析表明,超过30个miRNA家族的植物有35种。进一步对40个中度或者高度保守miRNA在35种植物中的分布进行研究,发现miRNA家族及其成员在物种间的分布存在较大的差异。这些分布上的差异一方面反映不同植物中miRNA的研究深度不同,另一方面也反映出miRNA在植物进化过程中的适应性调整。研究不同植物中miRNA家族的分布,可在miRNA水平为植物早期进化同源性的研究提供分子依据。     

植物microRNA的保守性及其分布的分析

MicroRNA(miRNA)是真核生物中具有重要调控作用的小分子非编码RNA。本文对miRNA官网miRBase数据库Release 22.1中隶属于植物界的绿藻门、苔藓植物门、蕨类植物门、裸子植物门、被子植物门共计82个物种的miRNA进行了统计分析。miRBase共收录植物miRNA 前体8 615个,成熟miRNA 10 414条,隶属于2 892个miRNA家族。绿藻门miRNA与其他4个门miRNA无同源性;对其他4个门植物miRNA的保守性进行研究,发现存在于2个植物门的miRNA家族有26个,属于中度保守miRNA家族;14个miRNA家族存在于3个及3个以上植物门中,属于高度保守miRNA家族,其中7个miRNA家族系苔藓、蕨类、裸子和被子植物共有,是植物中最保守的miRNA。分析表明,超过30个miRNA家族的植物有35种。进一步对40个中度或者高度保守miRNA在35种植物中的分布进行研究,发现miRNA家族及其成员在物种间的分布存在较大的差异。这些分布上的差异一方面反映不同植物中miRNA的研究深度不同,另一方面也反映出miRNA在植物进化过程中的适应性调整。研究不同植物中miRNA家族的分布,可在miRNA水平为植物早期进化同源性的研究提供分子依据。     

高寒草甸优势植物叶内、根内与土壤原核微生物群落的分异

植物内生菌具有帮助植物吸收营养元素,增强植物免疫力,抵御外界生物和非生物胁迫等功能。植物的根内和叶内存在大量的内生菌,影响着植物的健康生长。但不同植物地下(根内)和地上(叶内)内生原核微生物,以及与土壤微生物在组成和群落结构上的差异和联系还有待探索。以青藏高原高寒草甸三种优势植物青藏苔草(Carex moorcroftii)、火绒草(Leontopodium jacotianum)和高山嵩草(Carex parvula)为对象,研究了高寒草甸优势植物叶内、根内、土壤原核微生物组的组成及其与样品类型和植物类型之间的关系。结果表明:1)在门分类水平上,有13个门在土壤、叶内和根内之间有显著差异,只有5个门在不同植物之间有显著性差异,分别是变形菌门、厚壁菌门、酸杆菌门、疣微菌门以及FBP;2)在α多样性上,同种植物土壤、叶内、根内之间差异显著,而不同植物在土壤和根内差异显著,但在叶内无显著性差异;3)样品类型(叶内、根内以及土壤)是决定植物微生物组差异的最主要因子,对微生物群落变异的贡献度为20.13%;不同植物类型之间微生物群落也有显著性差异,植物类型对总变异的贡献率为14.41%,并且植...     

辽宁西部晚侏罗世晚期义县组的似麻黄属植物

《辽西义县组单子叶植物化石的发现》中被归入被子叶植物门单子叶植物纲莎草科和禾 本科的化石,经与现代麻黄科植物对比研究后,发现它们应归入裸子植物门麻黄科似麻黄属。讨论似麻黄属植物的命名,地理分布和生态环境。     

毛乌素沙地植物多样性保护防沙治沙示范

以榆林红石峡沙地植物群落为研究对象,采用群落生态学的调查方法,对群落结构特征、植物生活型、植物多样性分析研究,为毛乌素沙地植物多样性保护防沙治沙提供科学依据.结果表明:榆林红石峡沙地植物种类丰富,包括3门5纲29目62科168属252种,其中蕨类植物门1纲1目1科1属2种;裸子植物门2纲2目3科5属14种;被子植物门2...     

谈谈我们的植物生理生化大实验课的教学

植物生理生化大实验课是我校植物生理生化专业的一门重要的专业课。这门课安排280学时的实验和34学时的植物生化实验技术的专题讲授,共计314学时。通常安排10个(组)实验,每个(组)实验需做2～6d,现由4名副教授和2名实验技术员承担教学。通过这门课的学习,学生可以较系统地了解和掌握植物生理生化和植物分子生物学的现代实验技术,     

植物受精过程中的某些生理问题

近年来在植物科学中兴起了一门新的分支——植物受精生物学。植物受精生物学是一门边缘科学,它是植物胚胎学、细胞学、遗传学及植物生理学综合研究的对象。主要由于方法上的限制,植物生理学者在这样一个重要领域中所掌握的知识还很不够。从历史发展上看来,人们对于植物生理过程的认识是从营养问题开始的,因此,到目前为止,一般植物生理学的大部     

植物功能基因组学的研究策略

植物基因组学是一门研究植物基因组内基因与遗传信息是如何有机结合并如何决定其功能的一门科学。随着植物基因组计划的顺利进行 ,植物基因组学的研究已从结构基因组学转向功能基因组学。近年来 ,多采用高通量 (highthroughput,HTP)序列分析技术、大规模实验技术及计算机统计分析技术研究植物基因组功能。概述了植物功能基因组学的最新进展。     

TWO NEW PARROTS (PSITTACIFORMES) FROM THE LOWER EOCENE FUR FORMATION OF DENMARK

Abstract:  Two new fossil psittaciform birds from the Lower Eocene 'Mo Clay' (Fur Formation) of Denmark ( c . 54 Ma) are described. An unnamed specimen is assigned to the extinct avian family of stem-group parrots, Pseudasturidae (genus and species incertae sedis ), while a second ( Mopsitta tanta gen. et sp. nov.) is the largest fossil parrot yet known. Both specimens are the first fossil records of these birds from Denmark. Although the phylogenetic position of Mopsitta is unclear (it is classified as family incertae sedis ), this form is phylogenetically closer to Recent Pstittacidae than to other known Palaeogene psittaciforms and may, therefore, represent the oldest known crown-group parrot.     

An examination of the Phascolosotna subgenera Antillesoma, Rueppellisoma and Satonus (Sipuncula)

Three of the subgenera in the sipunculan genus Phascolosoma are reviewed, based on examination of type material. The presumed difference between the subgenera Antillesoma and Rueppellisoma (number of retractor muscles) is shown to be invalid and the taxa are therefore synonymous. The 15 species are either considered junior synonyms of P. antillarum (eight), transferred to other species or genera (six), or considered incertae sedis (one). Phascolosoma antillarum is redescribed. Of the eight species in the subgenus Satonus, only P. pectinatum remains valid: the others are considered either to belong to other taxa (four) or to be incertae sedis (three).     

The phylogenetic placement of Hollandichthys Eigenmann 1909 (Teleostei: Characidae) and related genera

The phylogenetic relationships among characids are complex with many genera remaining of uncertain systematic position inside the family. The genus Hollandichthys is one of these problematic genera. It has been considered as incertae sedis inside this family until two recently published phylogenies, one morphological and one molecular, arrived at alternative hypothesizes as to the relationships of Hollandichthys with Pseudochalceus or Rachoviscus, respectively. In this paper, we infer the phylogenetic relations of these taxa based on five genes (three mitochondrial - COI, ND2 and 16S; and two nuclear - Sia and Trop), totaling up to 2719 bp. The 41 analyzed species in the Characidae include four incertae sedis characid taxa once hypothesized as related to Hollandichthys, but never analyzed in a single phylogeny (Rachoviscus, Pseudochalceus, Nematocharax and Hyphessobrycon uruguayensis). Here we propose Rachoviscus as the sister-group of Hollandichthys, grouped in the large clade C previously defined, along with the remaining incertae sedis taxa studied here. In addition, we support the evidence that insemination evolved independently at least three times in the Characidae.     

Diversity of extinct and living actinistian fishes (Sarcopterygii)

Synopsis A total of 121 actinistian species belonging to 47 genera and 17 undetermined actinistians is reported from the literature. There are 69 valid species with fair assessment of their phylogenetic position; 21 valid species with poor assessment of their phylogenetic position; 31 actinistian incertae sedis; and 18 taxa that had been identified incorrectly as actinistians or are nomen nuda. The fossil record of the actinistians covers a history of approximately 380 million years. The greatest diversity occurred during the Scythian (Early Triassic).     

燕麦孢囊线虫孢囊定殖菌物的多样性

为揭示燕麦孢囊线虫孢囊定殖菌物的多样性,从青岛市选择3个罹患燕麦孢囊线虫病的冬小麦地,在返青期至成熟期,定时采集小麦根际燕麦孢囊线虫病土样,采用孢囊刺破法、单孢分离法或单菌丝分离法对定殖菌物进行分离纯化,并对定殖菌物进行形态鉴定和分子鉴定以及多样性分析。结果表明,从3个地点分离得到1 072个菌株,这些菌株归属于19目（含3个未定目）28科（含10个未定科）35属（含3个未定属）,其中轮枝孢属Verticillium的相对多度最高,为25.2%,是优势属;镰孢菌属Fusarium、黑团孢属Periconia及链格孢属Alternaria的相对多度分别为14.9%、13.5%及13.4%。示范园样品的Margalef’s丰富度指数,Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及Pielou均匀度指数均最高,分别为4.30、2.516及0.755;家属区样品的Margalef’s丰富度指数最低,为3.18;而葛家屯样品的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数最低,分别为2.077和0.654。3个地点定殖菌物群落组成的Jaccard相似性指数在0.486-0.607之间。     

中国中、新生代大植物化石新属记录(1991-2000)

记录1991—2000年间根据中国中、新生代大植物化石建立的新属41个(新生代的2个,中生代的39个);详细记录每个属的特征、模式种、地理分布及地质时代;对模式种的创建者、创建年代、所在文献的页码、图版、产地层位、标本保存状态、分类位置以及保存单位等也作详细介绍;另有一属模式种的模式标本并非产自中国,但该属同时也包含着部分中国的标本,则在附录中作介绍。     

The "Polyphyletic" Origin of the Genus Ablepharus (Reptilia, Scincidae): a Case of Parallel Evolution

It is generally admitted that the some 38 species referred to Ablepharus Lichtenstein, 1823 (Sauria, Scincidae) belong to the same evolutionary level. S mith (1935), followed by P arker (1936), D e W itte (1936), M itchell and S torr (in. litt.) pointed out the "polyphyletic" origin of the "ablepharine" skinks, and G reer (1967) presented arguments on the basis of the skull morphology. The study of nearly all the skinks assigned to the genus Ablepharus is in agreement with the above statements. A tentative new generic arrangement is presented, based on the assumption of several parallel evolutionary series, starting from closely related although different lines, showing convergent morphological features under the action of a similar way of life (burrowing and cryptic). The "ablepharine" skinks assemblage includes different evolutionary levels, which have to be referred to distinct genera. Only bivittatus, pannonicus, deserti and kitaibelii are assigned to Ablepharus Lichtenstein; boutonii belongs to Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann. The African "ablepharine" skinks, together with several other species having a transparent window in the lower lid, are included in Panaspis Cope. The Australian species commonly ascribed to the genus Ablepharus , should be considered as belonging to following generic taxa:
1. Morethia Gray, 1844, including the species lineo-ocellata, butleri, taeniopleura ;
2. Pseudemoia Fuhn, 1967, monotypic ( spenceri );
3. Cryptoblepharus Wiegmann, 1834, monotypic ( boutonii ), but the species is polytypic.
4. Notoscincus n. g., with the species ornatus and wotjulum ;
5. Menetia Gray, 1844, monotypic ( greyi );
6. Species incertae sedis, burnetti (polytypic);
7. Proablepharus n. g., including tenuis (polytypic);
8. Species incertae sedis, with the species davisi and kinghorni ;
9. Lerista Bell, 1833, including elegans, distinguenda, lineata, muelleri, timida and all the species assigned to Rhodona and Nodorha (G reer , 1967).     

Marine Heterotrophic Amoebae, Flagellates and Heliozoa From Belize (Central America) and Tenerife (Canary Islands), With Descriptions of New Species, Luffisphaera Bulbochaete N. Sp., L. Longihastis N. Sp., L. Turriformis N. Sp. and Paulinella Intermedia N. Sp.

ABSTRACT. Thirty four taxa of heterotrophic protists (amoebae, flagellates and heliozoa) were encountered in cultures established from marine samples from Belize (Central America) and Tenerife (Canary Islands). Most species are flagellates drawn from the choanoflagellates, the cryptophyceans, the euglenids, the kinetoplastids, the bicosoecids, the chromulinids, the pedinellids and a variety of laxa of uncertain affinities (Protista incertae sedis). the identity of the thecate choanoflagellates Salpingoeca ringens Kent, 1880, and S. tuba Kent, 1880, is discussed, and four new species of heterotrophic protists are described: one new species of the amoeba genus Paulinella (Paulinella intermedia n. sp.) and three new species of the incertae sedis genus Luffisphaera Belcher & Swale, 1975 ( Luffisphaera bulbochaete n. sp.; L. longihastis n. sp.; L. turriformis n. sp.).     

On some Cuban species of the genus Longior Travassos & Kloss, 1958 (Oxyurida, Hystrignathidae), with description of a new species

Longior zayasi Coy, García & Alvarez, 1993 is established as incertae sedis because the males (declared as the holotype) are inconsistent with the generic diagnosis, particularly in relation to the morphology of the head and tail. Thus, the females of Longior zayasi species (which agree with the generic diagnosis) are renamed and re-described as Longior longior Morffe & García sp. n. We also described males found in the sample and considered as conspecific with the new species. A comparative table with the measurements of the most of the records of Longior longior is given. The male of Longior similis Morffe, García & Ventosa, 2009 is described from the type locality of the species and compared with the known males of the genus. A key to the females of the Cuban Longior is given.     

The leaf-beetle genus Microdonacia Blackburn (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae): revision and systematic placement

Abstract. The genus Microdonacia Blackburn is revised and its systematic position considered. Ten species are treated, seven of which are new ( bidentata, eucryphiae, grevitteae, incurva, octodentata, pilosa, pomaderris ), and lectotypes are designated for two species. Four of the new species are placed in Tantawangalo subgen.n. Microdonacia is compared with the genera Cassena Weise, Licyllus Jacoby and Orthaltica Crotch. The sister-group for Microdonacia is identified as Orthaltica and these genera are placed incertae sedis in the Galerucinae, as used in the sense of Crowson (1967). The proposed phylogeny of the species is illustrated on a cladogram.