低聚肽和VC复合固体饮料的安全性毒理学评价

为了评价低聚肽和维生素C复合固体饮料作为功能性食品食用的毒理学安全性,根据我国卫生部《保健食品检验与评价技术规范》(2003)进行安全性毒理学研究。研究结果表明:低聚肽和维生素C复合固体饮料对小鼠急性经口最大耐受剂量大于20 g/kg BW,根据急性毒性分级标准规定,属无毒级;遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)结果为阴性;30天喂养试验表明,按人体推荐量的25、50和100倍即2.1 g/kg、4.2 g/kg、8.3 g/kg为低、中、高剂量时,各剂量组动物生长发育良好,大鼠体重、增重、食物利用率、脏器重量、脏/体比、血液学指标及血生化指标与对照组比较均无显著性差异(P0.05);大体解剖和组织病理学检查未见与样品有关的异常改变。通过以上的试验结果可以判定低聚肽和维生素C复合固体饮料具有较好的食用安全性。     

虾青素的毒理学安全性评价研究

目的：对虾青素进行毒理学安全性评价,为其食用安全性提供科学依据。方法：通过急性经口毒性试验、Ames试验、骨髓细胞微核试验、精子畸形试验和大鼠30d喂养试验等毒理学评价试验,评估虾青素的食用安全性。结果：虾青素对雌、雄大鼠的急性经口最大耐受量（MTD）均大于19.0g/kg·BW。Ames试验、小鼠骨髓微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均未见该样品有致突变作用,大鼠30d喂养试验各项指标也均未见明显毒性反应。结论：虾青素急性毒性分级属无毒级,无遗传毒性,在该实验研究剂量和条件下,虾青素未见明显毒副作用。     

益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性评价

目的 评估益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的毒理学安全性,为其应用提供依据。方法 通过大鼠急性经口毒性试验、细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验、小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验及大鼠28 d经口毒性试验研究益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）的安全性。结果 大鼠急性经口毒性试验结果显示,益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）对大鼠的经口急性毒性LD50均大于15.00 g/（kg·BW）,根据急性毒性分级标准属实际无毒。细菌回复突变试验、小鼠红细胞微核试验及小鼠精母细胞染色体畸变试验结果均显示阴性。大鼠28 d经口毒性试验结果表明,实验组大鼠体质量、摄食量、食物利用率、眼部状况、血液学指标、血液生化指标、脏器指数、大体及病理学检查结果与对照组相比差异均无统计学意义。结论 益生菌粉（副干酪乳酪杆菌207-27）具有良好的毒理学安全性。     

乙肝疫苗新型佐剂 CpG-BW006对小鼠脾 NK 细胞表面分子 CD69的表达及γ干扰素分泌的影响

目的:研究重组乙型肝炎表面抗(HBsAg)佐剂 BW006对小鼠脾自然杀伤(NK)细胞表面分子 CD69的表达和γ干扰素(IFN-γ)分泌水平的影响.方法:BW006、HBsAg 单用或联用体外刺激小鼠脾 NK 细胞,流式细胞仪检测NK 细胞膜表面分子 CD69的表达水平,ELISA 检测 IFN-γ的分泌水平.结果:5μg BW006体外刺激小鼠脾 NK 细胞24 h 后,NK 细胞表面分子 CD69的表达达峰值(阳性率45.18%),显著高40μg HBsAg 组(21.44%)(P<0.05),与5μg BW006和40μg HBsAg 联用组(58.49%)相比无显著差异;24 h 时,5μg BW006组的 IFN-γ分泌水平达56.95 ng/mL,显著高40μg HBsAg 组(8.74 ng/mL)(P<0.05),与联用组(57.70 ng/mL)相比无显著差异.结论:BW006具有上调 NK 细胞表面分子 CD69表达和诱导 IFN-γ分泌的早期活化 NK 细胞的功能,作为疫苗的新型佐剂前景较好.     

变异白色红花总黄酮提取物安全性毒理学评价

本文通过急性毒性试验、三项遗传毒性试验和30 d喂养试验,对变异白色红花总黄酮提取物(TFES)进行安全性毒理评价。结果表明,TFES对小鼠急性毒性试验,LD5010.0 g/kg·BW,按急性毒性剂量分级,属实际无毒物质;三项遗传毒性试验即Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;TFES对大鼠30 d喂养试验,动物未见明显的中毒症状和死亡,TFES各剂量组大鼠体重、总食物利用率、血清生化指标、血液学指标、脏器系数指标以及病理组织学等指标与对照组比较,无显著性差异。TFES在本实验条件下,未观察到明显毒性作用,为其进一步开发应用提供了安全依据。     

蛹虫草对小鼠的毒理学实验研究

为对蛹虫草进行急性毒理学和亚急性毒理学的实验研究,急性毒理实验中,本研究以45 mg/100 g的浓度经口灌胃,每天3次;亚急性毒理实验中,分别以低浓度剂量(1 mg/100 g、5 mg/100 g)、中等浓度剂量(25 mg/100 g)和高浓度剂量(125 mg/100 g)经口灌胃小鼠,每天1次。结果表明,急性毒理实验中,小鼠出现了明显的毒性副作用;亚急性毒理实验进一步发现,低、中剂量的蛹虫草每天1次经口灌胃对小鼠不产生明显的毒性副作用,但高剂量的蛹虫草对小鼠有较明显的毒性副作用。结果表明,小鼠蛹虫草经口灌胃浓度在1~25 mg/100 g/d剂量下对机体生理功能不具有明显的毒副作用。     

四季豆和淡豆豉提取物降血糖动物实验研究

目的：研究四季豆和淡豆豉提取物的降血糖作用,为开发辅助降血糖的保健食品提供实验依据。方法：设低、中、高三个四季豆和淡豆豉提取物受试样品组,1个纯水对照组、1个高血糖模型对照组,每组12只小鼠。3个剂量组分别给予0.14、0.28、0.83g/kg BW受试样品,相当于推荐日服量的5、10、30倍。用四氧嘧啶制备高血糖小鼠模型后,连续用受试样品30d后,观察其对高血糖模型小鼠和正常小鼠空腹血糖和糖耐量的影响。结果：受试样品在0.83g/kg BW剂量下,高剂量组的糖耐量值明显低于高血糖模型对照组（P＜0.05）;在0.14g/kg BW和0.83g/kg BW剂量下,低、高剂量组的空腹血糖值明显低于高血糖模型对照组（P＜0.01、P＜0.05）;同时受试样品对正常小鼠的空腹血糖没有明显影响（P＞0.05）。结论：四季豆和淡豆豉提取物对糖尿病小鼠的血糖具有辅助调节作用。     

人参花食用安全性研究

目的:对人参花食用安全性进行毒理学评价.方法:采用大鼠经口急性毒性试验、遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)、大鼠30 d喂养试验.结果:雌、雄大鼠经口最大耐受剂量(MTD)均大于17.4 g/kg·bw.3项遗传毒性试验结果均为阴性.在大鼠30 d喂养试验中,6.0 g/kg·bw,3.0 g/kg·bw及1.5g/kg· bw 3个剂量组的实验动物均生长发育良好,体重、摄食量、饮水量、血液学、血液生化学、脏器系数及病理组织学相关指标均未见异常变化.结论:人参花属于实际无毒物,未见遗传毒性,长期服用是安全的.     

水飞蓟的毒理学安全性评价

目的：对水飞蓟进行毒理学安全性评价,为其食用安全性提供科学依据。方法：采用大鼠急性毒性实验、Ames实验,小鼠骨髓细胞微核实验、精子畸形实验和大鼠30d喂养实验等安全性评价实验,评估水飞蓟的食用安全性。结果：水飞蓟对雌、雄大鼠的急性经口最大耐受量（MTD）均大于18.0g/kg·BW。Ames实验、小鼠骨髓微核验和精子畸形实验结果均未见该样品有致突变作用,大鼠30d喂养实验各项指标也均未见明显毒性反应。结论：水飞蓟急性毒性分级属无毒级、无遗传毒性,在该实验研究剂量和条件下,水飞蓟未见明显毒副作用。     

桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的毒理研究

本文主要研究桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的毒理学并评价其安全性。利用小鼠急性毒性试验和遗传毒性试验(Ames试验、小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验)对桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的毒性进行考察。试验结果显示,小鼠对桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉最大耐受量大于12g/kg;桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉在有或无S9的条件下,对组氨酸营养缺陷型鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA97a、TA98、TA100及TA102均无潜在致突变性;桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉在小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和小鼠精子畸形试验中均呈阴性反应,不同剂量的样品组与阴性对照组之间无显著性差异。该结果表明桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉基本无毒性,属实际无毒物质。本研究为桑黄纤孔菌子实体粉的产品开发和应用提供了科学依据。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.