猪CFL2b基因部分序列的克隆及组织表达谱分析

在猪QTL定位基础上,利用比较基因组学原理,参照猪CFL2的cDNA序列,对猪CFL2基因的部分基因组DNA序列进行克隆、测序;利用RT-PCR半定量法检测CFL2基因在不同组织的表达情况.结果显示,所克隆的CFL2基因部分基因组DNA序列长度为2 377bp,包括4个外显子和4个内含子,该基因mRNA序列与已报道的人CFL2b基因序列相似性为89%;猪CFL2基因在多种组织中均有表达,但在骨骼肌和心肌中表达丰度较高.结果表明,本研究成功测序了猪CFL2b基因部分基因组DNA序列,为进一步研究该基因与肌肉发育及生理功能的关系奠定了基础.     

猪CFL2b 基因cDNA克隆初步分析

利用基因表达谱芯片分析法筛选出与大白猪高肌肉产量-肌纤维形成有关的CFL2b基因.参考人和小鼠CFL2b基因序列,采用SMART-RACE技术结合EST序列拼接技术,从猪骨骼肌肌肉中首次克隆了猪CFL2b的全长cDNA序列（GenBank登录号EU561660,EU561661）,Northern杂交检测CFL2b基因 mRNA.结果表明,猪CFL2b基因含有2个转录本,长转录本3　012 bp,短转录本1　466 bp .CFL2b基因在多种真核生物中都有表达,且编码区序列非常保守,开放式读码框501 bp编码了166个氨基酸的蛋白质.氨基酸序列分析表明,猪CFL2基因与人和小鼠氨基酸同源性分别为100%和99.1%.核苷酸序列相似性分别为88.1%和74.9%.     

莱芜猪和杜洛克猪肌肉肌球蛋白重链组成对肉质性状的影响

为探讨莱芜猪肌肉肌球蛋白重链(MyHC)慢速氧化型(Ⅰ)、快速氧化型(Ⅱa)、中间型(Ⅱx)、快速酵解型(Ⅱb)组成与肉质性状间的关系, 阐释莱芜猪肉质优良的机理. 本实验在评价肉质性状的基础上, 用荧光定量RT-PCR方法检测莱芜猪和杜洛克猪背最长肌和半膜肌MyHC 4种亚型mRNA的表达量, 并进行相关分析. 结果表明, 莱芜猪背最长肌和半膜肌MyHCⅡa, Ⅱx mRNA表达量显著高于杜洛克猪, MyHC Ⅱb mRNA表达量则显著低于杜洛克猪, 而MyHCⅠmRNA表达量无明显变化. MyHCⅠ, Ⅱa, Ⅱx mRNA表达量与肉色、pH、大理石纹、肌内脂肪含量正相关, 与嫩度剪切值和肌纤维直径负相关; MyHC Ⅱb mRNA的表达量与大理石纹和肌内脂肪含量显著负相关(P<0.05), 与嫩度剪切值极显著正相关(P<0.01), 与肌纤维直径正相关(P>0.05). 由此可见, MyHCⅠ, Ⅱa, Ⅱx, Ⅱb的组成影响肉质性状, 而且其mRNA的表达量与肉质性状, 尤其是与肌肉食用品质显著相关, 也就是说MyHC 4种亚型的mRNA表达量可准确、客观评价肉质.     

荷包猪SLA-2重链基因偶合底物肽及表达研究

目的:构建荷包猪SLA-2重链基因偶合底物肽(BSP)并研究其在pET-21a(+)中的蛋白表达.方法:设计荷包猪SLA-2-BSP复合基因引物,PCR扩增荷包猪SLA-2-HB-BSP复合基因,并克隆至pMD(R)19-T Simple Vector,经酶切鉴定后,将SLA-2-HB-BSP复合基因与表达系统pET-21a(+)连接,并转化BL21 (Rosetta)菌进行诱导表达,SDS-PAGE检测目的蛋白.结果:PCR结果显示,SLA-2-BSP大小为900bp左右,并成功克隆至pMD(R)19-T Simple Vector载体,酶切后大小为876bp,该基因连接pET-21 a(+)并转化宿主菌BL21(Rosetta)后,经诱导表达和SDS-PAGE检测,目标蛋白大小为34.4kDa,经优化后目的蛋白相对表达含量达到了45％.结论:该研究成功构建荷包猪SLA-2偶合BSP的pET-21a重组表达系,为下一步构建猪SLA Ⅰ类分子四聚体奠定了基础.     

草鱼cadm2b基因的克隆及在成体组织中的表达分析

为研究CADMs（Cell adhesion molecules）在草鱼构建抵御病害感染的第一道防线中发挥的作用,用RT-PCR和RACE方法结合测序分析,在草鱼脑组织中检测到了该基因家族成员cadm2b基因的4条不同的cDNA全长序列。序列比对结果表明这4条全长cDNA在5'端的序列完全相同,在3'端的3个局部区域有不同片段的缺失。因此,可以确定这4条不同的mRNA是cadm2b的不同剪接体。这4条不同的剪接体被分别命名为cadm2b、cadm2bX2、cadm2bX3和cadm2bX6。cadm2b的cDNA序列全长1669 bp,开放阅读框（ORF）1203 bp,编码400个氨基酸。cadm2bX2的cDNA序列全长2783 bp,开放阅读框长1323 bp,编码440个氨基酸;cadm2bX3的cDNA序列全长2755 bp,开放阅读框1296 bp,编码431个氨基酸;cadm2bX6基因的cDNA序列全长2649 bp,开放阅读框1161 bp,编码386个氨基酸。根据碱基序列所进行的氨基酸序列和蛋白结构预测显示这4个CADM2b蛋白亚型都具有CADM家族保守的4个功能区,但其C端的蛋白结合位点存在差异。CADM2b具有近膜4.1蛋白结合位点和Ⅱ型PDZ蛋白结合位点,CADM2bX2、X3缺失了PDZ蛋白结合位点,而CADM2bX6则同时缺失4.1蛋白和PDZ蛋白的结合位点。实时定量RT-PCR检测结果显示cadm2b剪接突变体是该基因mRNA的主要形式。半定量RT-PCR和套式PCR实验检测结果表明cadm2b基因在草鱼成体脑中高水平表达,在肝、肾、心脏和肌肉组织中有微量表达。这种表达模式提示草鱼中CADM2b主要是由非免疫细胞,而不是由免疫肥大细胞合成分泌的细胞黏附因子,可能通过介导免疫肥大细胞与病原靶细胞的黏附而起非特异性抵御病害感染的作用。     

鱼类肌球蛋白重链基因研究进展及展望

肌球蛋白是构成鱼类肌肉的主要蛋白之一。肌球蛋白由2条相对分子质量为220×10^3的重链和4条相对分子质量为16×10^3～20×10^3的轻链组成。以往对于肌球蛋白基因的研究大多数集中在高等脊椎动物,而有关鱼类的研究相对薄弱。对鱼类肌球蛋白和肌球蛋白重链基因结构、功能及其表达调节机制等研究进展做了综述分析;同时结合作者的研究实践,探讨了对名贵鱼类肌肉发生和肌球蛋白的进一步研究。     

胸腺素a1／干扰素a-2b融合基因表达载体的构建与表达

通过PCR人工合成模板的方法获得牛m1基因,与含,IFNa-2b基因的pAG-IFN重组质粒,构建％1／IFNar-2b融合基因重组质粒pUCl8-Ta1／IFN,经序列分析证实,融合基因m1和,INFa-2b与GenBank登录基因的序列一致性分别为100％和98．5％,仅IFNa-2b有两处碱基发生无义突变．再将融合基因亚克隆入pBV220,构建融合表达载体pBV220-Ta1／IFN,转化到EcoliM15经IPTG诱导,实现了Ta1-1FNa-2b融合蛋白的高表达,约占菌体总蛋白的24．5％,为包涵体形式．这为研制Ta1—IFNa-2b双重活性的融合蛋白奠定了基础．     

山西马身猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因的PCR-RFLP检测

运用PCR-RFLP法检测马身猪及其杂交后代H-FABP基因多态性。结果表明,马身猪在Hinf Ⅰ-RFLP位点上有HH和Hh两种基因型,在HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上只有DD基因型,在HinfⅠ*-RFLP位点上有BB和Bb两种基因型,等位基因以h、D、B占优势,其频率分别为0．958、1．000和0．968。其杂交后代在HaeⅢ-RFLP位点上只检测到两种基因型DD和Dd。     

猪肌细胞生成素基因对部分生长性状的影响

采用PCR-SSCP方法对长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪、山西黑猪和马身猪的肌细胞生成素（Myogenin,简称MyoG）基因进行单核苷酸多态性检测,并分析MyoG基因对猪的初生重、断奶重、6月龄重和背膘厚的影响。根据猪MyoG基因的DNA序列设计10对引物,发现In2-3引物扩增的片段有多态性。统计结果发现,3种基因型（AA、AB、BB）在各品种中的分布不一致。χ^2独立性检验表明,基因型频率在外来猪种（长白猪、大白猪、杜洛克猪）与地方猪种（山西黑猪、马身猪）间存在显著差异（P〈0．05）。固定效应模型分析结果表明,初生重和背膘厚基因型间差异显著（P〈0．05）,而断奶重和6月龄重基因型间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。最小二乘分析结果表明,BB基因型与其他两种基因型比较有较小的初生重,同AA和AB型比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）,3种基因型在初生重的大小排列顺序为AA〉AB〉BB;AA基因型与其他两种基因型比较有较小的背膘厚,同AB和BB型比较差异极显著（P〈0．01）,3种基因型在背膘厚的大小排列顺序为AA〈AB〈BB。因此,推测基因型对个体的初生重和胴体瘦肉率存在一定的影响,选择带有A等位基因的个体有望提高个体的初生重和胴体的瘦肉率。     

IL-2与猪细小病毒VP2基因双表达载体的构建及免疫原性的研究

将白细胞介素-2基因和猪细小病毒VP2基因主要抗原区克隆至pCI-neo真核表达载体中,构建了pCIneo-IL2-VP2重组质粒,用脂质体将其转染到PK-15细胞中,利用免疫荧光方法检测在体外表达情况。并以小鼠为动物模型,将pCIneo-IL2-VP2重组质粒、对照组pCI-neo和猪细小病毒活疫苗通过肌肉注射进行免疫,检测免疫小鼠的淋巴细胞转化功能,特异性CTL杀伤活性和血清抗体滴度。结果显示,pCIneo-IL2-VP2在体外能够诱导PK-15细胞表达VP2蛋白,小鼠注射pCIneo-IL2-VP2质粒1周后能够诱导机体产生抗体,4周时达到峰值,与活疫苗对照组产生的抗体滴度、诱导T淋巴细胞增殖和诱导强的细胞毒性基本一致。试验表明,构建的pCIneo-IL2-VP2能够有效诱导机体产生体液免疫和细胞免疫。     

MiR-141-3p regulates myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts via CFL2-YAP-mediated mechanotransduction

Skeletal myogenesis is essential to keep muscle mass and integrity, and impaired myogenesis is closely related to the etiology of muscle wasting. Recently, miR-141-3p has been shown to be induced under various conditions associated with muscle wasting, such as aging, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the functional significance and mechanism of miR-141-3p in myogenic differentiation have not been explored to date. In this study, we investigated the roles of miR-141-3p on CFL2 expression, proliferation, and myogenic differentiation in C2C12 myoblasts. MiR-141-3p appeared to target the 3’UTR of CFL2 directly and suppressed the expression of CFL2, an essential factor for actin filament (F-actin) dynamics. Transfection of miR-141-3p mimic in myoblasts increased F-actin formation and augmented nuclear Yes-associated protein (YAP), a key component of mechanotransduction. Furthermore, miR-141-3p mimic increased myoblast proliferation and promoted cell cycle progression throughout the S and G2/M phases. Consequently, miR-141-3p mimic led to significant suppressions of myogenic factors expression, such as MyoD, MyoG, and MyHC, and hindered the myogenic differentiation of myoblasts. Thus, this study reveals the crucial role of miR-141-3p in myogenic differentiation via CFL2-YAP-mediated mechanotransduction and provides implications of miRNA-mediated myogenic regulation in skeletal muscle homeostasis.     

Selection of reference genes for studies of porcine endometrial gene expression on gestational day 12

Comparing gene expression patterns in the endometrium on gestational day 12 (GD12) between Erhualian (ER) and Landrace × Large White (LL) pigs is helpful to understand the biological mechanisms of fecundity. Selecting genes that have stable expression levels as the internal standards in a comparative study is essential for identifying real gene-specific variation by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Five genes expressed in sow endometria on GD12 were evaluated for their suitability as internal control for relative quantification by qRT-PCR. These genes were beta-actin (ACTB), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), RNA polymerase II polypeptide G (RPG), and ribosomal protein S20 (RPS20), which represent different functional classes. Our results indicated that ACTB, B2M, and PGK1 were not suitable as internal standards for normalization because of their huge variability between the two breeds. RPS20 and RPG were most stable, and the former is recommended to serve as the internal standard when the use of multiple housekeeping genes is unpractical.     

Cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins induce osteogenic gene expression in the C2C12 mesenchymal cell line

Cartilage-derived morphogenetic protein-1, -2, and -3 (CDMP-1, -2, and -3) are members of the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) family and have been shown to exhibit a variety of biological activities. In the present study, effects of these CDMPs on the temporal and spatial expression of genes in the pluripotent mesenchymal cell line C2C12 were examined. Cells cultured in the presence of CDMPs lost the characteristic elongated shape of myoblasts. At the molecular level, CDMP treatment did not change the mRNA expression of MyoD, aggrecan, Six1, and tendin. Scleraxis mRNA level was reduced by CDMP treatment. CDMP-1 and -3, but not CDMP-2, stimulated expression of osteogenic markers, such as alkaline phosphatase (AP), osteocalcin (OC), BSP, and type I collagen, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. With few exceptions, the three CDMPs changed, with different potencies, the expression profile of different members of the BMP family in a similar temporal pattern. Except at the late phase of treatment, CDMP treatment did not change the expression of ActR-IA, BMPR-IA, BMPR-IB, BMPR-II, and ALK-7 mRNAs. Based on the current data, the CDMPs appear to be able to stimulate the C2C12 cells to differentiate into the osteoblast pathway.     

黄瓜离体子叶节花芽和营养芽分化中CFL基因的表达

CFL基因是从黄瓜中克隆到的拟南芥LEAFY(LFY)同源基因.以离体黄瓜子叶培养物成花为实验体系,利用mRNA原位杂交技术对CFL基因在花芽和营养芽分化过程中的时空表达进行了分析.结果如下:在花芽分化过程中,CFL基因在花原基形成、花器官原基分化及各轮花器官形成之初强表达,在花器官形成以后表达减弱或不表达;在营养芽分化过程中,CFL基因在分生组织、叶原基和幼叶中有明显表达,在成熟组织中不表达.结果说明CFL基因的表达在黄瓜子叶节花芽和营养芽分化中原基的分化形成是必需的.结果提示CFL基因可能参与细胞分裂调控和启动、营养性分生组织向花分生组织转变等过程.     

Divergent effects of GLP-1 analogs exendin-4 and exendin-9 on the expression of myosin heavy chain isoforms in C2C12 myotubes

Exendin 1-39 amide (Ex-4) and its truncated form exendin 9-39 amide (Ex-9) are peptides of non-mammalian nature, which act as an agonist and antagonist, respectively, of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor in mammals. GLP-1 is an intestinal peptide that plays an important role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle; however, the effects of its two analogs (Ex-4 and Ex-9) on myofiber properties are still unclear. Here, we report the effects of Ex-4 and Ex-9 alone or in combination on the myosin heavy chain (MyHC) type composition and the glucose uptake capacity in differentiated C2C12 myotubes. Neither Ex-4 nor Ex-9 altered basal glucose uptake, whereas Ex-9 significantly increased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, suggesting enhanced insulin sensitivity. The mRNA expression of MyHC I and 2A as well as the percentage of MyHC I protein was remarkably increased in Ex-9-treated myotubes. In contrast, Ex-4, alone or in combination with Ex-9, caused a significant reduction in MyHC 2A mRNA expression and the percentage of MyHC I protein. Consistent with the MyHC type switching peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator (PGC)-1α expression in myotubes was remarkably increased by Ex-9 yet was significantly inhibited by Ex-4. In addition, intracellular concentrations of free Ca²⁺ were increased in all treatment groups, but only Ex-9-treated myotubes showed higher calcineurin A protein content. Taken together, our data suggest that Ex-9 promotes oxidative differentiation in myotubes to improve cell insulin sensitivity, probably through calcineurin and PGC-1α mediated pathways.     

Subcellular localization of different regions of porcine Six1 gene and its expression analysis in C2C12 myoblasts

Six1 protein belongs to the Six homeoproteins family, exposing typical domain structure. Although the functions of Six1 have been drawn much attention, the roles of its individual domains are not completely elucidated. Here, we first detected the expression patterns of myogenin, MyoD, Myf5, and Six1 genes using real-time PCR in differentiating C2C12 cells cultured in differentiation medium for 2 or 6?days. The results showed that Six1 gene had the similar expression pattern with myogenin, MyoD, and Myf5 genes, which suggests that it may affect the myogenic differentiation. In order to evaluate the role of distinct domains of Six1 protein in subcellular localization, we constructed a series of truncated vectors tagged with green fluorescent proteins expressing various regions of porcine Six1 protein for subcellular localization analysis. Fluorescence confocal microscopy analysis showed that the different regions of Six1 protein displayed discrete distributions throughout the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The full-length CDS was exclusively localized in the nucleus and the individual HD domain was preferentially distributed to the nucleus both in C2C12 cells and in PK cells. However, the SD domain was diffusely distributed to the cytoplasm and the nucleus, and the localization of SD domain was biased to cytoplasm in C2C12 cells. Taken together, we conclude that the HD domain is important for the nuclear localization of porcine Six1 protein.