中国肉疣衣属地衣的初步研究

肉疣衣属地衣为世界广布属之一,该属为壳状地衣,地衣体通常龟裂具疣,子囊果盘状一般无柄贴生,盘缘明显,侧丝分枝结网状,孢子大型。本文对中国肉疣衣属地衣进行了初步研究,并报道了该属地衣共16种,其中中国新记录5种,即寒生肉疣衣、柱芽肉疣衣、粉末肉疣衣、亚裂芽肉疣衣、亚绿肉疣衣。     

肉疣衣属地衣的一新种

本文报道了中国云南的肉疣衣属的一新种——亚莲座肉疣衣,新种有拉丁文简介并附图,模式标本保存于山东农业大学生命科学学院地衣标本室。     

中国果疣衣属地衣的研究

果疣衣属地衣系子囊菌门Ascomycota,子囊菌纲Ascomycetes,茶渍衣亚纲Lecanoromycetidae,鸡皮衣目Pertusariales,鸡皮衣科Pertusariaceae的成员。由于粉色果疣衣Varicellariarhodocarpa在中国的首次发现,使中国地衣区系中新增添了一个属:果疣衣属Varicellaria。该属迄今已知仅含三种,即粉芽果疣衣V.kemensis,八孢果疣衣V.carneonivea及粉色果疣衣V.rhodocarpa。果疣衣属为壳状地衣,地衣体微薄,膜质;子囊盘茶渍型,单个或数个聚生于瘤状果疣中;类侧丝多分枝并呈网状缠绕;子囊内含单孢或八孢;子囊孢子大型(长度为200~400mm),双胞,无色透明,椭圆形;孢子壁厚达27mm;与鸡皮衣属不同之处在于前者子囊内含双胞孢子,后者子囊内含单胞孢子。由于该属在中国是首次被发现,为了进一步的研究,文中还提供了该属迄今已知的全部三种的分种检索表。粉色果疣衣以其地衣体基本无粉芽和遇Pd呈负反应而区别于粉芽果疣衣,以子囊内含单孢而区别于八孢果疣衣。通过薄板层析法首次从该种髓部检测出茶渍衣酸。其地理成分为北极高山种,主要分布于欧洲的挪威、瑞典、芬兰、阿尔卑斯山脉,喀尔巴阡山脉、苏格兰以及北美洲;在亚洲迄今只见于日本与中国。     

中国果疣衣属地衣的研究

果疣衣属地衣系子囊菌门Ascomycota,子囊菌纲Ascomycetes,茶渍衣亚纲Lecanoromycetidae,鸡皮衣目Pertusariales,鸡皮衣科Pertusariaceae的成员。由于粉色果疣衣Varicellaria rhodocarpa在中国的首次发现,使中国地衣区系中新增添了一个属：果疣衣属Varicellaria。该属迄今已知仅含三种,即粉芽果疣衣V.kemensis,八孢果疣衣V.carneonivea及粉色果疣衣V.rhodocarpa。果疣衣属为壳状地衣,地衣体微薄,膜质;子囊盘茶渍型,单个或数个聚生于瘤状果疣中;类侧丝多分枝并呈网状缠绕;子囊内含单孢或八孢;子囊孢子大型(长度为200～400μm),双胞,无色透明,椭圆形;孢子壁厚达27μm;与鸡皮衣属不同之处在于前者子囊内含双胞孢子,后者子囊内含单胞孢子。由于该属在中国是首次被发现,为了进一步的研究,文中还提供了该属迄今已知的全部三种的分种检索表。粉色果疣衣以其地衣体基本无粉芽和遇Pd呈负反应而区别于粉芽果疣衣,以子囊内含单孢而区别于八孢果疣衣。通过薄板层析法首次从该种髓部检测出茶渍衣酸。其地理成分为北极高山种,主要分布于欧洲的挪威、瑞典、芬兰、阿尔卑斯山脉,喀尔巴阡山脉、苏格兰以及北美洲;在亚洲迄今只见于日本与中国。     

赖氏衣属,中国地衣一新记录属

报道了文字衣科一中国新记录属——赖氏衣属(Reimnitzia Kalb),该属仅含1种桑蒂赖氏衣[Reimnitzia santensis (Tuck.)Kalb]。桑蒂赖氏衣生于树皮或苔藓上,地衣体壳状,无皮层;含有大的柱状草酸钙结晶;裂芽丰富,与地衣体颜色一致,无分枝,先呈球状,后变为蠕虫状,长度可达1.5 mm,顶部有黑色的孔区或者单个的小孔;具有Chroodiscus型子囊盘;子囊孢子棕色,亚砖壁型,孢子大小15～25μm×8～12μm;分生孢子器位于裂芽的顶端和地衣体疣中,分生孢子呈杆状;无次生代谢物。     

秦岭鸡皮衣科地衣的初步研究

对采自陕西秦岭地区的鸡皮衣科Pertusariaceae地衣进行了形态学、解剖学、化学研究,鉴定出该科地衣3属23种,其中肉疣衣属Ochrolechia8种,鸡皮衣属Pertusaria14种,果疣衣属varicellaria1种。拟苍白肉疣衣Ochrolechiapseudopallescens和类斑点鸡皮衣Pertusariamultipunctoides为中国新记录种。     

新疆黑尔衣属地衣的研究

该研究对采自新疆天山及阿尔泰山山脉、保存于新疆大学中国西北干旱地衣研究中心地衣标本室(XJUNALH)的130余份黑尔衣属(Melanohalea O.Blanco et al.)地衣标本进行了研究。研究发现,新疆黑尔衣属地衣包括2个中国新记录种——烟色黑尔衣(M.infumata)和亚橄榄黑尔衣(M.subolivacea),1个新疆新记录种亚长芽黑尔衣(M.subelegantula)以及4个常见种地衣等7个地衣物种。并提供了新记录种地衣的形态-解剖特征描述和彩色照片,以及包括这些种的检索表、地衣名录和分布地区。这些新记录种的发现,为中国和新疆的地衣资源提供了基础资料。     

中国新记录属多孔衣属及新记录种绿白多孔衣（英文）

报道了文字衣科地衣1新记录属,即多孔衣属Myriotrema及该属的新记录种——绿白多孔衣M.viridialbum。多孔衣属主要特征是地衣体壳状,子囊盘小型埋生至半埋生,子囊孢子小型、淀粉质、横隔透镜型至砖壁型。绿白多孔衣的主要特征是具厚地衣体,小型透明亚砖壁型子囊孢子,含有hypoprotocetraric acid。标本采自海南和福建。文中对新记录种提供了详细描述和显微结构图片。     

大别山地衣研究概况

对采自大别山的19属57种地衣进行了分类学整理和化学物质分析,其中报道了安徽省和大别山地衣新记录2种。在所采集大别山的地衣标本中数量最多的是肉疣衣属Ochrolechia、石蕊属Cladonia和肺衣属Lobaria。利用显色反应和薄层层析TLC方法,共检出7种地衣物质,其中以含黑茶渍素成分的种类较多。文中对2个新记录种的特征、分布和生态信息进行简要描述。     

蜡盘衣属1中国新记录种——肉腊盘衣(新拟)

通过对蜡盘衣属(Biatora)地衣的形态解剖学及化学研究,结合基因nrDNA ITS序列的系统发育分析,报道了采自河北省小五台山的蜡盘衣属地衣1中国新记录种——肉腊盘衣(新拟)[Biatora carneoalbida(Müll. Arg.) Coppins]。该种识别特征为地衣体壳状;子囊盘常簇生,盘面橙黄色;子囊棒状,8孢;子囊孢子无色,长纺锤形,(13.3～20.0)×(1.7～5.0)μm。该标本目前馆藏于中国科学院微生物研究所菌物标本馆地衣标本室(HMAS-L)和河北师范大学植物标本室(HBNU)。     

The lichenicolous Opegrapha species (Roccellaceae, Ascomycota) with 3-septate ascospores on Pertusaria and Ochrolechia

The Opegrapha species with 3-septate ascospores growing on Pertusaria and Ochrolechia are revised. Two species are recognized: Opegrapha anomea (of which O. pertusariae , O. quaternella , O. wetmorei and possibly Leciographa weissii are considered to be synonyms), and O. blakii Ertz & Diederich sp. nov. described from a sterile lichen with an Ochrolechia -like thallus, known from Ecuador and Venezuela. Opegrapha anomea and several related lichenicolous species with roundish or irregular, often multilocular ascomata are morphologically intermediate between Opegrapha and Plectocarpon , and might represent a distinct genus.  © 2004 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society , 2004, 144, 235−241.     

The Structural Features of Leaf Epidermis in Oryza and Their Systematic Significance

The rice genus (Oryza L. ) belongs to the grass family(Poaceae) and contains 24 annual or perennial species, including two cultivated rice species, i.e., the Asian rice ( O. sativa L. ) and African rice (O. glaberrima Steud. ), and 22 wild species distributed throughout the tropics of the world. Species in this genus have been extensively studied by scientists with different approaches, including morphological characterization and cytological and molecular investigations. The leaf epidermis is an important morphological character which has been studied for taxonomic identification and studies on systematic relationships of species, particularly in grasses. In this study, morphological features of the leaf epidermis of 23 rice species were observed through light microscopy. The results showed that some characters of the rice leaf epidermis had significant diversity between species and these characters were valuable for the identifying Oryza species, and for assessing systematic relationships in the genus. For example, O.schlechteri, O.ridleyi, O.longiglumis, O.granulata, and O. rneyeriana had elliptic stomatal complexes, whereas the other species had rhombic stomatal complexes. In most cases, papillae on the surface of the epidermis were variable in size and distribution between species. The size of papillae varied from small ( 1.5～4.4µm in diameter), medium-sized (9～18µm), to large (21～30µm) , and the pattern of papillary size and distribution were very useful for identification of rice species. In addition, the number and location of the small papillae in stomatal complexes were particularly different between species. Based on the following combinations of leaf-epidermic characters, i.e., the size and distribution of papillae on the abaxial surface of the epidermis, the number and location of the small papillae in stomatal complexes, and the shape of stomatal complexes, the 23 studied Oryza species could be divided into three major groups. The first group comprises O.longiglumis, O.ridleyi, O.meyeriana, and O.granulata. In these species, neither large nor medium-sized papillae, in some cases extremely rare small papillae, were found on the surfaces of epidermis, and there were no small papillae found in stomatal complexes. All species in the first group had elliptic stomatal complexes. The second group consists of O.brachyantha, diploid and tetraploid O.officinalis, O.minuta, O.eichingeri, O. punctata, O.latifolia, O.alta, O.grandiglumis, O.rhizomatis, and O.australiensis. In these species usually no large papillae were observed, but medium-sized and densely populated small papillae were found to cover the surface of epidermis, and at least four small papillae were found in stomatal complexes (in guard cells) of most species. The third group contains O.sativa, O.nivara, O.rufipogon, O.longistaminata, O. glumaepatula, O.meridionalis, O.barthii, O.glaberrima and O. schlechteri. The abaxial leaf epidermis of these species was usually covered with large papillae, medium-sized, and small papillae. In addition, more than 4 (usually 6～8 ) small papillae were found in guard cells or/and subsidiary cells of the stomatal complexes. Most species in the second and third groups had rhombic stomatal complexes. These results agree mostly with previous re-ports on the biosystematic studies of rice species by applying other methodologies.     

中国五味子属植物叶表皮研究

用浓硫酸－铬酸离析法,在光学显微镜下观察了中国五味子属植物１４种,１亚种,２变种,共２４个样品成熟叶的叶表皮细胞及气孔器特征,结果表明：五味子属植物叶片的上、下表皮细胞呈多边形或不规则形,垂周壁式样为平直,菜或浅汉浪;少数种类上表皮有气孔器或分泌细胞,所有的种类下表皮具气孔器和分泌细胞;气孔器类型以平列型为主,并伴有侧列型,极少数出现不规则型,气孔极区呈稍角质和厚或棒形角质加厚,稀Ｔ形角质加厚,叶     

Spider mites of sugarcane in Australia: a review of grass-feeding Oligonychus Berlese (Acari: Prostigmata: Tetranychidae)

Abstract In many areas of the world, spider mites are significant pests of sugarcane. Australia is currently fortunate in lacking the most destructive species, and usually suffers only sporadic damage. Herein, we provide a key to the genera of spider mites associated with sugarcane, review the most significant genus, Oligonychus Berlese, and provide a key to the species of grass-feeding Oligonychus in the Australasian region. The species O. araneum Davis, O. digitatus Davis, O. grypus Baker and Pritchard, O. orthius Rimando, and O. oryzae (Hirst) are redescribed, while the Australian O. zanclopes sp. n. Beard and Walter from sugarcane and rice, O. turbelli sp. n. Beard and Walter, O. ephamnus sp. n. Beard and Walter and O. festucolus sp. n. Beard and Walter from other grasses, are newly described. Previous records of O. grypus in Australia appear to be misidentifications of what is described here as the new species O. zanclopes .     

白腰雪雀分类地位的商榷

自腰雪雀Onychostruthus taczanowskii(Przewalski)的分类地位比较混乱.在早期的分类系统中,它被归属于雪雀属Montifringilla下.后期由于生态习性与行为特征的不同,被划分至地雀属Pyrgilauda下;又有将它划分为独立属--高原雀属Onychostruthus的观点.本文结合身体量衡度数值特征、外部形态特征以及遗传差异上的研究,综合探讨白腰雪雀的分类地位.对量衡度特征的因子分析发现:白腰雪雀与地雀属种类在体长、体重、翅长、尾长、嘴长与跗蹠长上明显不同,其体形明显偏大.形态特征的聚类分析显示:白腰雪雀与地雀属种类的平均特征差异为0.3902～0.5122,而这些种类间平均特征差异为0.1281～0.2195.比较属间差异发现:石雀Petronia petronia与地雀属种类为0.4878～0.5385,树麻雀Passer montanus与地雀属种类为0.4872～0.5610.麻雀属与石雀属为0.3415,这些结果显示自腰雪雀与地雀属种类的差异已经达到石雀属、麻雀属与地雀属属间的差异.通过比较白腰雪雀与石雀的遗传差异(0.2578),地雀属种类与石雀的遗传差异(0.2386～0.3193),发现白腰雪雀与地雀属种类具有较大的遗传差异(0.2267～0.3143),几近于地雀属与石雀属间的差异.综合量衡度、形态以及遗传等特征的分析结果,作者认为白腰雪雀与地雀属种类有较大的差异,两者间的差异已经达到了它们与近缘属石雀属和麻雀属间的差异,以及近缘属之间的差异,因此,建议白腰雪雀应作为一个独立的属,高原雀属Onychostruthus.     

Molecular identification of three Ompok species using mitochondrial COI gene

A DNA-based barcode identification system that is applicable to all animal species will provide a simple, universal tool for the identification of fish species. The barcode system is based on sequence diversity in subunit 1 cytochrome c oxidase (COI) gene. Identification and characterization of fish species based on morphological characters are sometimes found to be erroneous and environmentally affected. There are no studies on the genus Ompok in India at molecular level and species identification of the Ompok is usually carried out through morphological features. A total of 106 samples from three species Ompok pabda, O. pabo and O. bimaculatus were collected from eight sampling sites of seven Indian rivers. One hundred and six sequences were generated from COI region of three Ompok species and 21 haplotypes were observed. The sequence analysis of COI gene revealed three genetically distinct Ompok species and exhibited identical phylogenetic resolution among them. The partial COI gene sequence can be used as a diagnostic molecular marker for identification and resolution of taxonomic ambiguity of Ompok species.     

The occurrence of biomineralization products in four lichen species growing on sandstone in western Norway

High performance thin-layer chromatography/thin-layer chromatography, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analysis of thallus and lichen-rock interface samples, were undertaken to characterize biomineralization products in Fuscidea cyathoides, Ochrolechia tartarea, Ophioparma ventosa, and Pertusaria corallina, growing on sandstone in western Norway. Whewellite (monohydrate form of Ca oxalate) was found in the thallus of all species, but not in any of the weathering rinds beneath the species. A significantly higher amount of whewellite was detected in the thalli of F. cyathoides and O. ventosa than in the other two species. There were only a few differences in whewellite occurrence between the thallus edge and centre samples in the four species. HPTLC/TLC and SEM analysis indicate that lichen compounds occur within the rock beneath some of the lichen specimens. Only divaricatic acid was observed within the weathering rind beneath O. ventosa. No lichen substances were found in the weathering rind beneath F. cyathoides and P. corallina, whereas gyrophoric and lecanoric acids were found in the weathering rind beneath O. tartarea.