Ghrelin在应激状态下对机体保护作用的研究进展

Ghrelin是一种胃分泌素,具有多种生物学作用,对机体的功能发挥广泛的影响。近几年的研究发现,在病理状态下,Ghrelin对机体多个器官系统可发挥保护作用。本文从应激的这一角度出发,对10年来Ghrelin在应激状态下对机体各个器官系统的保护作用做一综述。     

野生动物资源的法律保护

野生动物资源兼具经济、生态、文化和社会等价值,保护野生动物资源不仅有利于维持生态平衡,而且是保护人类自身生存和经济社会可持续发展不可缺少的资源.保护野生动物资源已成为全球关注的重要问题.本文梳理了我国目前有关野生动物资源保护的相关法律规定,同时对完善我国野生动物资源保护的法律问题进行了初步探讨,提出了相关建议.     

反思野生动物的有效保护

我国是全球12个生物多样性最丰富的国家之一,也是世界上拥有野生动物种类较多的国家之一,有高等陆栖动物有2300余种,其中哺乳动物394种、鸟类1795种、两栖动物265种、爬行动物380种,属于我国特有的野生动物种就有333种。我国野生动物的丰富值得国人骄傲,但野生动物的保护现状更应引起国人关注。     

全球定位系统在野生动物研究中的应用

应用手持式全球定位系统定位导航仪，野生动物研究人员能在野外导向、定位、测距和测速。全球定位系统亦提供了研究野生动物迁徙的新技术。     

为什么要保护野生动物

生命的网络复杂而神奇,科学家无法尽窥其妙,但它却是维系人类生存的要件。枉顾人类的前途,肆意破坏这生命的网络,无疑是自取灭亡的集体疯狂行径。     

北京市怀沙-怀九河市级水生野生动物保护区鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护

怀沙河和怀九河是两条自然汇入北京怀柔水库的河流,被规划为北京市第一个市级水生野生动物保护区。2004年3月~2005年2月,作者对该保护区内野生鱼类资源进行了本底调查。调查区域内野生淡水鱼类共计24种(不计引入种),隶属于6目11科24属,以鲤形目鲤科鱼类为主,多为山区溪流小型鱼类。鱼类物种多样性在空间分布上有所不同,两河下游近水库河段物种多样性最高,这可能与两个不同生态环境交界处的边缘效应有关;其多样性在时间上春夏季高于秋冬季。结合区域内的生境特点,建议加强对核心区的保护力度,重新规划缓冲区和过渡区;在保护自然环境的同时,兼顾当地居民的经济利益,达到人与资源的和谐发展。     

物种保护信息管理系统的开发应用

在英文物种、生境和保护区管理系（MASS 3．1）的基础上,研究并改编完成了其中文系统软件包（CMASS 2．0）,并用此中文系统软件包建立了中国自然保护区信息库、中国保护动物信息库、中国濒危动物信息库、中国兽类信息库、中国鸟类信息库,这些库的建立对我国野生动物保护具有重要意义。     

传统中医药发展与濒危药用野生动物的保护

中医药是我国传统文化的重要组成部分,对维系中华民族的繁荣昌盛做出了重要贡献。当代中医药发展在走向世界的过程中既面临许多机遇,也面临着来自濒危药用野生物种保护等诸多方面的压力。在此基础上,本文简要介绍了我国药用野生动物资源的现状,初步分析了导致野生动物濒危的原因,提出了可持续利用的我国中医药发展的基本原则,并针对性地提出了促进我国中医药发展与濒危药用野生动物保护协调的几条措施。     

粪便类固醇激素研究简史及其在野生动物研究中的应用

系统回顾了粪便类固醇激素研究的历史,全面总结了国内外学者对动物粪便类固醇激素研究的现状,认为利用动物粪便研究类固醇激素具有完全无伤害性、材料收集容易等其他方法无可比拟的优点,并且有助于评估动物青春期的健康状况、判断动物的排卵方式、早孕诊断、产期预测等,因而是目前研究野生珍稀动物类固醇激素的一种较为理想的方法。     

A Conservation Institution for the 21st Century: Implications for State Wildlife Agencies

ABSTRACT The wildlife conservation institution (Institution) needs to reform to maintain legitimacy and relevancy in the 21st century. Institutional reform is inherently slow. Limitations resulting from historical and resource dependencies between state wildlife agencies and hunters have left the Institution poorly positioned to meet changing ecological and social complexities. In this paper, we suggest that an ideal Institution would have the following 4 components: broad-based funding, trustee-based governance, multidisciplinary science as the basis of recommendations from professional staff, and involvement of diverse stakeholders and partners. Our suggestions reflect the fundamental tenets of the Public Trust Doctrine, which we believe is the foundation of the Institution. In bringing forth these ideas, we hope to encourage discussion about how the Institution should reform to meet the changing needs of society.     

野生动物保护需要传统分类方法的改进和形象检索法的普及

分类是生物多样性研究和保护的基础。陆栖脊椎动物的检索长期沿用传统的分类方法,使用大量解剖学特征。随着分子生物学方法的发展,传统的形态学分类方法受到严重挑战,后继乏人。而动物学、生态学和保护生物学等学科的研究和教学需要大批掌握形态学分类的人才;野生动物的保护、宣传教育和执法不仅需要掌握宽广的形态学分类的动物学工作者的引领,更需要包括林业、农业、渔业、工商等执法队伍,各级政府部门、民间环保组织和志愿者,大、中、小学师生和广大民众等非分类学专业人员的支持和参与。因此,有必要对现有的形态学分类和检索方法进行改进,以利于学习和普及。形象检索法是有效解决上述问题的一种选择。它是使用典型、稳定的外部形态特征对物种编制无分类阶元的多歧式非对应图片检索表进行分类的方法,不包括内部解剖及其他难以准确把握的形态和非形态特征,不限于传统的分阶元、二歧、特征对应等检索形式。该方法简单、直观,易于掌握和普及,适合非从事某一专门领域分类学研究的人员使用。     

种群生存力分析在濒危动物保护与管理中的应用

种群生存力分析(population viability analysis,PVA)是濒危物种保护研究的主要方法之一。自PVA提出之后,主要应用于预测濒危物种的灭绝概率。随着PVA软件的产生,其应用范围进一步扩展,甚至出现滥用和误用之例,使其准确性受到质疑。目前,PVA主要应用于濒危物种的保护与管理。本文从保护管理对策的制定与评估、再引入计划的评估和自然保护区设计与管理有效性评估三个方面进行综述;对PVA使用时的数据收集,以及模型的选择、建立和应用等需要注意的问题加以总结;从遗传数据的使用、基于个体的种群模型的发展、近交衰退和降低入侵物种的威胁等方面对PVA的应用提出展望。     

Wildlife Mortality Investigation and Disease Research: Contributions of the USGS National Wildlife Health Center to Endangered Species Management and Recovery

The U.S. Geological Survey—National Wildlife Health Center (NWHC) provides diagnostic services, technical assistance, applied research, and training to federal, state, territorial, and local government agencies and Native American tribes on wildlife diseases and wildlife health issues throughout the United States and its territories, commonwealth, and freely associated states. Since 1975, >16,000 carcasses and specimens from vertebrate species listed under the Endangered Species Act have been submitted to NWHC for determination of causes of morbidity or mortality or assessment of health/disease status. Results from diagnostic investigations, analyses of the diagnostic database, technical assistance and consultation, field investigation of epizootics, and wildlife disease research by NWHC wildlife disease specialists have contributed importantly to the management and recovery of listed species.     

The Effect of Wildlife Conservation on Local Perceptions of Risk and Behavioral Response

In this study, we examine the effect of Tarangire National Park (TNP) on local perceptions of risk and how these perceptions may influence behavioral responses. Data were collected during 2004–2005 through household surveys and participatory risk mapping (PRM) in eight villages east of TNP. By identifying and rank-ordering respondents’ perceived risks, PRM enhances understanding of the nature and variation of risks faced within a population by distinguishing between the incidence and severity of subjective risk perceptions. Results indicate that proximity to the park has a strong effect on the type and severity of perceived risks. Within villages close to the park, however, behavioral response to perceived risks varies considerably. This study contributes to an appreciation of how behavioral response to environmental and socioeconomic factors is mediated by human perception.

贵州雷公山国家级自然保护区鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护

2005年4月至2006年11月,对雷公山自然保护区的鱼类资源状况进行了调查.调查表明,保护区共有鱼类35种,隶属4目10科30属.该区的鱼类多数为适应于山区溪流生活的种类,鲤科鱼类是其中最大的类群,构成鱼类区系成分的主体.该区有一定经济价值的鱼类包括泥鳅(Misgurnus anguillicandatus)、马口鱼(Opsariichthys bidens)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、黄鳝(Monopterus albus)、草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)、刺鲃(Spinibarbus caldwelli)、南方白甲鱼(Onychostoma gerlachi)、月鳢(Channa asiatica)等.通过实地调查,对保护区内两条主要水系(长江水系和珠江水系)的物种相似度进行了对比.     

Wind Energy Development and Wildlife Conservation: Challenges and Opportunities

ABSTRACT Wind energy development represents significant challenges and opportunities in contemporary wildlife management. Such challenges include the large size and extensive placement of turbines that may represent potential hazards to birds and bats. However, the associated infrastructure required to support an array of turbines—such as roads and transmission lines—represents an even larger potential threat to wildlife than the turbines themselves because such infrastructure can result in extensive habitat fragmentation and can provide avenues for invasion by exotic species. There are numerous conceptual research opportunities that pertain to issues such as identifying the best and worst placement of sites for turbines that will minimize impacts on birds and bats. Unfortunately, to date very little research of this type has appeared in the peer-reviewed scientific literature; much of it exists in the form of unpublished reports and other forms of gray literature. In this paper, we summarize what is known about the potential impacts of wind farms on wildlife and identify a 3-part hierarchical approach to use the scientific method to assess these impacts. The Lower Gulf Coast (LGC) of Texas, USA, is a region currently identified as having a potentially negative impact on migratory birds and bats, with respect to wind farm development. This area is also a region of vast importance to wildlife from the standpoint of native diversity, nature tourism, and opportunities for recreational hunting. We thus use some of the emergent issues related to wind farm development in the LGC—such as siting turbines on cropland sites as opposed to on native rangelands—to illustrate the kinds of challenges and opportunities that wildlife managers must face as we balance our demand for sustainable energy with the need to conserve and sustain bird migration routes and corridors, native vertebrates, and the habitats that support them.