青海华蜗牛属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:巴蜗牛科)

记述采自青海省达蛭华蜗牛属蜗牛1新种：达日华蜗牛Cathaica(Campylocathaica)darlagensis sp.nov。新种壳相与Cathaica(Campylocathaica)cunlunensis(Moellendorff,1899)相近,但新种壳高／壳径之比值较大,唇下部较平直,贝壳色带不同于后者。正模成螺,青海省达日县城,海拔3980m,1997－08－17,采集人李维平;副模5只成螺,采集数据同正模。模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国西藏巴蜗牛属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:巴蜗牛科)

本文记述采自西藏自治区察隅县吉公镇巴蜗牛属１新种,吉公巴蜗牛Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎａ（Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎｓ）ｊｉｇｏｎｇｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．新种壳相与Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎａ（Ｂｒａｄｙｂａｅｎａ）ｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｓ（Ｆｅｒｕｓｓａｃ,１８２１）相近,但前者个体体型较小,恋矢短且较真,其近端部断面为对称的二刃形,可与后者明显区分。正模,成螺,西藏自治区察隅县吉公镇,１９９７－０７－１８￣１９,吴岷采     

中国巴蜗牛科一新种(肺螺亚纲：柄眼目：巴蜗牛科)

作者对中国科学院动物研究所馆藏的巴蜗牛科标本进行了整理,并已知我国平瓣蜗牛属Ｐｌａｔｙｐｅｔａｓｕｓ共计１６种和亚种,其中现发１新种,即磁县平瓣蝇牛Ｐｌａｔｙｐｅｔａｓｕｓ ｃｉｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ Ｃｈｅｎ ｅｔ Ｚｈａｎｇ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,对新种的形态特征作了详细描述,与其近假种进行了比较和讨论。     

四川拟锥螺属一新种记述(腹足纲:肺螺亚纲:柄眼目:巴蜗牛科)

记述采自四川南充拟锥螺属蜗牛1新种,南充拟锥螺Pseudobuliminus (Pseudobuliminus)nanchongensis sp.nov。新种贝壳与Pseudobuliminus(Pseudobuliminus)piligerus(Moellendorff,1899)相近,但前者螺壳细长,矢囊相对小,受精囊管细长,正模,成螺,四川省南充新建乡,1964-05-20;副模,15只成螺,同正模,模式标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国弯螺属一新种(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,扭轴蜗牛科)

系统整理和研究了中国弯螺属的种类,共10种,其中1新种即茂兰弯螺Sinoennea maolanensis sp.nov.,弯螺属的种类主要分布于东亚和南亚地区;作者对其已发表的种类进行了整理、甄制,对新种的形态特征进行了详觋细描述,亦与近似种进行了比较、讨论.     

云南扭轴蜗牛科一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,扭轴蜗牛科)

笔者在整理云南省勐腊地区陆生贝类标本时,经鉴定发现1新种,即双沟皮氏螺Perrottetia biboncavus sp.nov..隶属于肺螺亚纲、柄眼目、扭轴蜗牛科、皮氏螺属.对新种形态特征、栖息环境作了记述,并对其近似种也进行了讨论.     

江西弯螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,扭轴蜗牛科)

整理江西岩溶地貌陆生贝类标本时,经比对鉴定发现一新种,即石钟山弯螺Sinoennea shizhongshanensis sp.nov.,隶属肺螺亚纲柄眼目扭轴蜗牛科弯螺属。对新种形态特征和栖息环境进行了详细描述,用扫描电镜观察了新种齿舌的细微结构,并与其近似种进行了比较和讨论。     

中国弯螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,扭轴蜗牛科)

2011年8月在云南省泸水县进行陆生贝类调查过程中,于蛮云采集到一些弯螺属个体,经鉴定为中国弯螺属一新种,蛮云弯螺新种Sinoennea manyunensis sp.nov.。弯螺属的种类主要分布于东亚和南亚地区;对新种的形态特征进行了详细描述,并与近似种进行了比较、讨论。模式标本保存在昆明医科大学基础医学院细胞生物学与医学遗传学系。     

福建弯螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,扭轴蜗牛科)

记述了中国弯螺属1新种,即福州弯螺Sinoennea fuzhuouensis sp.nov..弯螺属的种类主要分布于东亚和南亚地区,对新种的形态特征进行了详细描述,并与近似种进行了比较和讨论.     

云南西双版纳热带雨林弯螺属一新种记述(肺螺亚纲,柄眼目,长颈扭轴蜗牛科)

在对云南西双版纳热带雨林陆生软体动物生物多样性调查时,经比对鉴定发现一新种,即勐仑弯螺Sinoennea menglunensis sp. nov.。隶属肺螺亚纲柄眼目长颈扭轴蜗牛科弯螺属。对新种形态特征、栖息环境作了详细记述,并与近似种福州弯螺Sinoennea fuzouensis Zhou,Chen & Guo,2006和弗尔弯螺Sinoennea fargesiana (Heude,1890)进行了比对和讨论。新种模式标本保存在福建出入境检验检疫局国家软体动物检疫鉴定重点实验室和台湾国立高雄大学生命科学系实验室。     

Assessment of the genetic distances between some species of the family Bradybaenidae (Mollusca,Pulmonata)

On the basis of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) loci and the nucleotide sequences of nuclear (18S and ITS-1) and mitochondrial genes (COI and 16S), a phylogenetic analysis of the three species of terrestrial mollusks of the family Bradybaenidae (Mollusca, Pulmonata), Bradybaena fruticum Müll., Bradybaena schrencki Midd., and Bradybaena transbaicalia Shileyko, was conducted to clarify their taxonomic status. The analysis showed that Br. fruticum was far apart from the other two species (Br. schrencki and Br. transbaicalia). The genetic distance between the latter puts in doubt their status as distinct species. It is suggested that the species Br. transbaicalia can be treated as a form of Br. schrencki var. transbaicalia.     

Dart shooting influences paternal reproductive success in the snail Helix aspersa (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)

Although animal courtship behaviors are generally understoodwithin the context of sexual selection, the relevance of manysexual behaviors to sexual selection, and vice versa, remainsunexplained. For example, the adaptive function of the "lovedart" used in the precopulatory behavior of hermaphroditicland snails is only now becoming apparent. Contrary to previous assumptions, dart shooting is unlikely to function as a stimulusfor copulation. In searching for a more ultimate explanationof the dart's function, we tested whether variation in dartshooting influences reproductive fitness in Helix aspersa.Individual mother snails were mated sequentially to two potentialfathers. Dart shooting was closely observed and quantifiedfor all pairings, and percentages of offspring sired by each potential father were determined using allozymes. The resultsindicate that snails that shoot darts effectively have significantlygreater paternal reproductive success than snails that shootpoorly. In contrast, there was no significant effect of matingorder on either dart shooting or paternal reproductive success.     

The neck region of the spermatozoon of Discus rotundatus (Müller) (Pulmonata,Stylommatophora)

The neck region of the mature spermatozoon of Discus rotundatus is described. No evidence for a centriole or centriolar derivative is obtained. Nine striated coarse fibres and the two central fibres of the axoneme extend into the base of the implantation fossa. The axonemal doublet system is disrupted in the neck region. There are two fibrous accessory structures located between the central doublet and the striated coarse fibres.     

The ultrastructure of the epicardium epithelium of the slug, Arion ater (Linnaeus, 1758), (Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)

In the present paper we investigated the fine structure of terrestial slug Arion ater (L.) Interacisternal microtubules were formed in Arion ater, however they do not correspond to interacisternal polycylinders because they differ in size and they are not continuous with the membrane cistern. From our study it may be concluded that these intracisternal microtubules suggest an accumulation of protein.     

Systematics of the family Plectopylidae in Vietnam with additional information on Chinese taxa (Gastropoda,Pulmonata, Stylommatophora)

Vietnamese species from the family Plectopylidae are revised based on the type specimens of all known taxa, more than 600 historical non-type museum lots, and almost 200 newly-collected samples. Altogether more than 7000 specimens were investigated. The revision has revealed that species diversity of the Vietnamese Plectopylidae was previously overestimated. Overall, thirteen species names (anterides Gude, 1909, bavayi Gude, 1901, congesta Gude, 1898, fallax Gude, 1909, gouldingi Gude, 1909, hirsuta Möllendorff, 1901, jovia Mabille, 1887, moellendorffi Gude, 1901, persimilis Gude, 1901, pilsbryana Gude, 1901, soror Gude, 1908, tenuis Gude, 1901, verecunda Gude, 1909) were synonymised with other species. In addition to these, Gudeodiscus hemmeni sp. n. and Gudeodiscus messageri raheemi ssp. n. are described from north-western Vietnam. Sixteen species and two subspecies are recognized from Vietnam. The reproductive anatomy of eight taxa is described. Based on anatomical information, Halongella gen. n. is erected to include Plectopylis schlumbergeri and Plectopylis fruhstorferi. Additionally, the genus Gudeodiscus is subdivided into two subgenera (Gudeodiscus and Veludiscus subgen. n.) on the basis of the morphology of the reproductive anatomy and the radula. The Chinese Gudeodiscus phlyarius werneri Páll-Gergely, 2013 is moved to synonymy of Gudeodiscus phlyarius. A spermatophore was found in the organ situated next to the gametolytic sac in one specimen. This suggests that this organ in the Plectopylidae is a diverticulum. Statistically significant evidence is presented for the presence of calcareous hook-like granules inside the penis being associated with the absence of embryos in the uterus in four genera. This suggests that these probably play a role in mating periods before disappearing when embryos develop. Sicradiscus mansuyi is reported from China for the first time.     

Molecular phylogeny of Australian Helicarionidae, Euconulidae and related groups (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Stylommatophora) based on mitochondrial DNA

The delineation and phylogenetic relationships of the pulmonate family Helicarionidae are currently poorly understood. We have undertaken a phylogenetic analysis of Australian members of Helicarionidae. Three consecutive mitochondrial genes (COI, tRNA-val and 16S rRNA) were sequenced for 36 species from Helicarionidae and related groups. Helicarionidae grouped with Ariophantidae and Urocyclidae with good support in all trees, as did Microcystinae with Trochomorphidae, corresponding to the results of a previous morphological study, but the relationships of Euconulinae and Limacidae could not be resolved. Cystopeltidae never grouped with Helicarionidae and should be regarded as a separate family. The position of tRNA-val in the mitochondrial genome provided a new synapomorphy for Microcystinae. In addition, the COI and 16S rRNA sequences showed a high degree of compositional heterogeneity and incompatibility of phylogenetic signals, highlighting the importance of testing for the decay of the historical signal prior to the phylogenetic analysis.     

A comparative study of the ultrastructure and mineralogy of calcified land snail eggs (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)

This study indicates that eggs containing calcium carbonate crystals occur in at least 36 of the 65 known families of the land snails (class Gastropoda: order Stylommatophora). Eggs from 22 of these families were available for examination. The x-ray diffraction data, available for the first time for 21 of these families, shows that these egg shells are all made of calcite only, or of a combination of calcite with smaller amounts of aragonite. All of the snail (body) shells examined were made of aragonite only. This is the first ultrastructural investigation of these egg shells, and it indicates that the eggs exhibit enough structural diversity to allow identification of parental animals to genus, and often to species level solely on the basis of egg shell ultrastructure. All of the calcified eggs may be divided into two groups: (1) partly calcified, with discrete crystals of CaCo₃ dispersed in the jelly layer, and (2) heavily calcified, with a hard, brittle egg shell made of fused crystals of CaCO₃ much like an avian egg. Both types of calcified eggs occur in oviparous as well as in ovoviviparous snails. Because of the wide distribution of calcified eggs in the Stylommatophora, and because of the occurrence of heavily calcified eggs in ancient families such as Partulidae, Endodontidae, and Zonitidae, the calcified egg is viewed as a primitive land snail trait associated with terrestrial adaptation. The function of the calcified egg shell, in addition to mechanical support of egg contents, is to supply the developing embryo with enough calcium to form the embryonic shell by the time of hatching.