巴马小型猪群体遗传结构的随机扩增多态DNA分析

目的分析巴马小型猪的群体遗传结构。方法应用经过筛选的 ３１条引物对巴马小型猪个体基因组ＤＮＡ进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增,利用从ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上下载的软件ＲＡＰＤ ｉｓｔａｎｃｅ Ｐａｃｋａｇｅ ｖｅｒ－ｓｉｏｎ１．０４软件对实验结果进行分析,计算不同个体间的相似系数。结果经ＲＡＰＤ反应,共扩增出２７５条带,其中多态性带８５条,多态性带频率在０～６６．７％之间,平均为２７．７％。不同个体猪拥有的ＲＡＰＤ条带具有差异,但拥有相同条带个体猪比率较高。该群体猪的相似系数（Ｆ）为０．９２８（０．７８～０．９７）,平均等位基因频率（ｑ）为０．７３２,最低平均杂合率（Ｈ）为０．２８６。结论巴马小型猪个体具有较好的遗传一致性和遗传稳定性。     

用RAPD和AFLP的方法对中国卤虫（Autemia）种及亲缘关系的研究

利用ＲＡＰＤ（随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ）和ＡＦＬＰ（扩增片段长度多态性）技术对不同种及种群卤虫的关系进行分析。１０１个随机引物对４种卤虫Ａ．ｆｒａｎｃｉｓｃａｎａ、Ａ．ｕｒｍｉａｎａ、Ａ．ｓｉｎｉｃａ和Ａ．ｐａｒｔｈｅｎｏｇｅｎｅｔｉｃａ基因组ＤＮＡ进行扩增,平均每个种获得７５１条带,其中４５８条带为多态性标记,每个引物提供平均７．４个标记信息,聚类结果表明Ａ．ｓｉｎｉｃａ是不同于其他旧大陆两性生殖卤虫     

中国紫花苜蓿地方品种随机扩增多态DNA的研究

运用ＲＡＰＤ技术,对１１个样本紫花苜蓿（Ｍｅｄｉｃａｇｏ ｓａｔｉｖａ）的遗传多样性进行了研究。计算了１１个样本之间的遗传相似度和遗传距离,并进行了聚类分析,探讨了它们之间的亲缘关系。结果如下：１．用４３个随机引物对紫花苜蓿的１１个样本的核ＤＮＡ进行了ＲＡＰＤ扩增,共检出４４０条扩增片段,多态性片段３３１条,占７０．６８％。反映了１１个样本之间的遗传变异;２．４３个随机引物对１１个样本扩增出２～１     

Construction of Rice DNA Finger Print by SRFA

ＲＡＰＤ用于生物鉴定具有快速、简便、经济等优点。但是,由于该法所用引物通常为９～１０个寡聚核苷酸,与ＰＣＲ使用特异引物相比,其Ｔｍ值相对较低,扩增反应易受外界条件影响,重复性较差。ＳＲＦＡ技术采用设计有限制内切酶位点的人工合成接头与引物互补,弥补了ＲＡＰＤ法的上述不足。Ｆｉｇ．１为ＳＲＦＡ的技术路线。为提高连接效率,在同一试管内,用ＰｓｔＩ酶解基因组ＤＮＡ,并与人工接头连结,制备ＳＲＦＡ扩增的模板。合成与接头序列相应的引物。对南方５个野生稻品种和籼、粳稻各一个栽培品种进行ＳＲＦＡ扩增。Ｆｉｇ．２表示：每种材料均能获得约１０条以上的扩增条带。条带的大小在４００２０００ｂｐ之间。栽培稻品种中出现多态性片段：用引物１可得一条（１．３ｋｂ）片段,用引物２可得２条（１．１ｋｂ、０．７ｋｂ）片段。与ＦＡＰＤ法相比,ＳＲＦＡ法增加２０％的多态性。栽培稻与野生稻之间在多态性上没有差异,说明两者亲缘关系非常接近。五种野生稻的图谱可分为两类：江西、湖南、广西的与籼稻相近,广东、云南的与粳稻相近。当然,这还有待其它方面的研究来验证。接头的设计要求避免自身连结,与目的片段连结后不能再被ＰｓｔＩ切开。引物包括不变序列和选择序列两部     

应用RAPD技术分析奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼的基因多态性(英文)

以随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ技术（ＲＡＰＤ）分析了奥利亚罗非鱼和尼罗罗非鱼两个养殖群体的群体内及群体间遗传关系,并探讨了该技术在种群鉴定中的应用。ＲＡＰＤ引物筛选结果表明,所测试的２０个随机引物中（Ｔａｂｌｅ　１）,除一个引物未扩增出任何片段外,其余１９个引物均扩增出１～１１个大小不等的片段,长度大部分在５００～３０００ｂｐ之间,共扩增出２２０个片段,平均每个引物产生５．５个片段。两群体间共有片段７０条,大部分引物的扩增产物具有种间多态性,种群间相似系数为０．７２７。以筛选的引物对两种群不同个体（Ｆｉｇ．１,Ｔａｂｌｅ２）及种群混合样品（Ｆｉｇ．２,Ｔａｂｌｅ３）进行ＲＡＰＤ分析。结果表明,不同引物在扩增图谱上表现很大差异。奥利亚罗非鱼不同个体间表现为一致的扩增图谱,种内相似系数达１０００,显示了其种群内遗传变异的缺乏;尼罗罗非鱼种内相似系数为０．８２７,个体间存在不同程度的多态性;两个种群间的相似系数分别为０．７６７和０．７４２,表明种间有较高的同源性,遗传距离为０．２３５,略低于国外的报道、此外,两个养殖群体间的扩增图谱比较也暗示了遗传渐渗现象的存在。实验表明,ＲＡＰＤ标记可以作为一种可靠的遗传标记,用于不同鱼     

菊花起源的RAPD分析

利用ＲＡＰＤ分析技术,选取２２个２０个碱基长度的随机引物,对７种野生菊花、１４种栽培菊花和５个种间杂种进行了随机扩增。通过实验建立了ＰＣＲ随机扩增实验体系。在观察到的２２４个扩增条带中,３４条（１５％）表现多态性。利用ＵＰＧＭＡ法对扩增数据进行分析,结果表明：在７种野生种中,Ｄｅｎｄｒａｎｔｈｅｍａｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ、Ｄ．ｖｅｓｔｉｔｕｍ和Ｄ．ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ与栽培菊花亲缘关系最近,而Ｄ．ｚａｗａｄｓｋｉ与栽培菊花亲缘关系最远。前３种野菊与栽培菊花间的遗传距离小于０．４０,而Ｄ．ｚａｗａｄｓｋｉ与栽培菊花间的遗传距离大于０．５０。根据上述数据及以往研究结果,使用ＲＡＰＤ数据对菊花起源问题进行了探讨,提出栽培菊花主要起源于Ｄ．ｉｎｄｉｃｕｍ、Ｄ．ｖｅｓｔｉｔｕｍ和Ｄ．ｎａｎｋｉｎｇｅｎｓｅ．     

烟草黑胫病菌株亲缘关系的RAPD分析

从２２０个ＲＡＰＤ（Ｒａｎｄｏｍ Ａｍｐｌｉｆｉｅｄ Ｐｏｌｙｍｏｒｐｈｉｃ ＤＮＡｓ）随机引物中所选出的多态扩增性强的２１个引物对来源不同的３３个烟草黑胫病菌株进行全基因组ＤＮＡ遗传多样性分析和指纹构建。选用引物对受试菌株进行ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ扩增,共产生２４３条ＤＮＡ标记图带,其中１９１条为多态性图带,多态检测率为７８．６％。利用ＵＰＧＭＡ（Ｕｎｗｅｉｇｔｈｔｅｄ Ｐａｉｒ－ｇｒｏｕｐ Ｍｅｔｈ     

随机扩增多态性对白色念珠菌分型的估价

利用随机扩增多态性（ＲＡＰＤ－ＰＣＲ）的方法对４８株白念珠菌Ｃａｎｄｉｄａ ａｌｂｉｃａｎｓ Ｂｅｒｋｈ进行了分析。由初步试验中,随机选用了１８种引物?筛选出ＯＰＡ－１４引物,该引物扩增的带型清晰可辨,不同菌株之间扩增的带数６－１２条不等,共有６条主带。扩增片段的长度粗略估计在３００－２０００ｂｐ左右。除个别菌株的带型相同以外,大多数菌株之间呈多态性分布,其带型数目和扩增的片段存在差异。对简单的Ｄ     

小麦胞质突变型雄性不育系85EA与其保持系线粒体DNA的比较研究

８５ＥＡ是通过电子束辐照获得的胞质突变型小麦不育要用ＲＦＬＰ和ＲＡＰＤ技术对８５ＥＡ及春保持系的线粒体ＤＮＡ进行了比较研究。ＲＦＬＰ分析表明８５ＥＡ线粒体基因组中ｃｏｘⅡ基因的位置结构与保持系发生了变化；ＲＡＰＤ分析中引物ＯＰＤ－１５扩增产物在不育系和保持系间有明显差异，不育系的扩增产物比保持系多１条分子量为０．６ｋｂ的特展览 要带，用Ｔ－ｅａｓｙ ｖｅｃｔｏｒ克隆该不育系特异条带并命名为ＯＰＤ－     

杂交水稻汕优63杂种纯度的RAPD鉴定

使用纯度低或真实性差的杂交种子会给农业生产造成极大损失。然而杂交种子的纯度无法单纯从种子形态上鉴别．本文首次采用ＲＡＰＤ特异扩增谱带做为分子标记对水稻杂交种纯度进行了鉴定。汕优６３杂交水稻种子由中国水稻研究所从某制种单位随机取样获得。珍汕９７Ａ不育系和明恢６３恢复系等品种由中国水稻研究所提供。在做形态观察的同时,分别取上述三种材料叶片制备ＤＮＡ作为初始模板ＤＮＡ。对３００个ＲＡＰＤ随机引物,经过三次多态性初筛复筛,发现随机引物Ｐ１８可以稳定地扩增出一条来源于父本明恢６３的０．８ｋｂ的特异条带。用Ｐ１８引物对１００株汕优６３杂交单株进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增,其中８３个获得了０．８ｋｂ特异条带（Ｆｉｇ．１ｕｐｐｅｒ）。分子杂交证明其结果是可靠的（Ｆｉｇ．１Ｌｏｗｅｒ）。以ＲＡＰＤ扩增结果为依据,对这１００株材料进行植株形态比较,发现那１７个不能扩增出特异条带的单株均为假杂种。说明该制种单位汕优６３的假种率为１７％。大大超过农业部的有关规定。应对其原因和后果进行追究。用Ｐ１８引物对１８种分别为籼粳及其中间型的常用稻种进行ＲＡＰＤ扩增鉴定,除明恢６３的亲本──圭６３０和中间型Ｐｃｃｏｓ,Ａｕｓ３７３具有０．８ｋｂ的特异条带     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.