不同光质光对葡萄愈伤组织增殖和白藜芦醇含量的影响

研究不同光质影响‘黑比诺’种子诱导并继代10个月的葡萄愈伤组织增殖及白藜芦醇含量的结果表明：不同光质下愈伤组织的增殖顺序依次为黄光〉绿光〉红光〉蓝光〉白光;白藜芦醇的含量依次为白光〉黄光〉红光〉蓝光〉绿光：白藜芦醇的生产量是白光〉黄光〉红光〉蓝光〉绿光。     

LED不同光质对萝卜愈伤组织诱导、增殖和萝卜硫素含量的影响

以白水萝卜无菌苗及其愈伤组织为实验材料,研究其在LED白、红、黄、蓝、绿和蓝红6种光质下的愈伤诱导和增殖。结果表明：LED不同光质下胚轴愈伤组织的诱导效应不同,诱导率顺序依次为黄光〉红光〉蓝红光〉白光〉蓝光〉绿光;蓝光、黄光和红光有利于子叶愈伤组织的诱导;子叶诱导愈伤组织的效果较下胚轴好;LED红光下愈伤组织的增殖倍数和萝卜硫素含量均为最高。     

光对马卡愈伤组织生长、丛生芽诱导和存活的影响

马卡属于十字花科独行菜属,具有极高的营养价值和药用价值。在快繁过程中,光对马卡愈伤组织生长,丛生芽的诱导和存活有显著的影响。绿光和蓝光既不利于愈伤组织的生长也不利于丛生芽的诱导和存活。白光、红光和黄光能明显促进愈伤组织的生长,在这些光照条件下丛生芽的诱导率为60%～80%,丛生芽存活率为29%～36%。适当延长光照时间可提高丛生芽的存活率,合适的光照时间为16h/d。但是过强的光照可使丛生芽的存活率降低,合适的光照强度为24～41μmol/m2.s。     

光因子对石刁柏愈伤组织生长过程中蛋白质含量及酶活性变化的影响

在不同的光因子条件下,石刁柏愈伤组织的生长曲线均呈“Ｓ”型。愈伤组织的可溶性蛋白质含量以黄光最高,其次为蓝光、黑暗、白光、绿光、红光。在蓝光、黄光、红光条件上,愈伤组织的非特异性酯酶活性均出现３个峰、而绿光、白光、黑暗条件下则出现２个峰,以第２７天的峰植相比,其峰植的大小顺序为：黄光、蓝光、白光、红光、绿光、黑暗。除红光为２个过氧化物酶活性峰外,其他均为１个活性峰,其峰值的大小顺序是：黄光、蓝光、     

植物生长调节剂对白头翁叶片培养的影响

以白头翁试管苗叶片为外植体,以MS为基础培养基,探讨不同细胞分裂素和生长素对叶片不定芽诱导、愈伤组织的诱导、增殖、再分化的影响。实验结果表明：细胞分裂素TDZ适合于白头翁叶片培养,与生长素搭配使用使叶片发生分化;2,4-D对愈伤组织的诱导能力相对较强。叶片直接诱导不定芽的激素组合为TDZ0．3mg／L＋NAA0．1mg／L;愈伤组织增殖的激素组合为TDZ0．2mg／L＋2,4-D0．2mg／L,将愈伤组织转接到TDZ和NAA组合的培养基上时会再分化。     

光质对绿豆幼苗叶片超微弱发光及叶绿素含量的影响

以绿豆幼苗为试材,测定其叶片超弱发光(UBE)及叶绿素含量在不同光质条件下的变化,并探讨两者之间的关系.结果表明,生长在不同光质下绿豆幼苗叶片的UBE及延迟发光衰减参数1/P都随着其生长不断增强,且生长在白光下绿豆幼苗的UBE是生长在其他光质(红、黄、蓝、绿)下幼苗的2倍以上,而红光、黄光和绿光处理之间无显著差异;生长在白光下的绿豆幼苗叶片叶绿素含量显著高于红、黄、蓝、绿光处理幼苗,而红光和黄光处理又显著高于蓝光和绿光处理.研究发现,光质对绿豆幼苗叶片超弱发光和叶绿素含量影响相似,绿豆幼苗叶片超弱发光可能与叶绿体的发育和光合作用有关.     

油菜薄层细胞培养中不同光质对愈伤组织诱导和增殖的效应

本实验以油菜(Brassica uapus)花序轴薄层细胞为外植体,基本培养基为 MS,配制两种不同浓度和比例的 NAA 和6-BA 组合。接种后选取白光,植物生长灯(具红、蓝两种光质的光)、红光、蓝光四种不同光质的光照处理,以黑暗为对照。置恒温培养框中培养,温度为27±1℃。除黑暗外,其它处理每天光照10小时,探讨不同光质对油菜愈伤组织诱导和增殖效应。     

外植体与不同理化因子对虎杖愈伤组织诱导及次生代谢产物形成的影响

考察了外植体、培养基及光照条件对中药植物虎杖愈伤组织形成及次生代谢产物生产的影响。总的来看,所有愈伤组织中总酚和总黄酮含量比原植物的含量高2—3倍;而蒽醌的含量比原植物中含量低。外植体对愈伤组织形成及次生代谢产物生产的影响很大,所考察的3种外植体中。叶外植的愈伤组织诱导率最高而源于根外植体的愈伤组织具有最好的次生代谢能力。所考察的6种培养基中,MS＋0．5mg／L 2,4-D＋1．0mg／L 6-BA和N6＋0．5mg／L 2,4-D＋1．0mg／L 6-BA无论对于愈伤组织的产生还是次生代谢产物的累积都有较优表现。光照对愈伤组织诱导及次生代谢产物产生有明显影响。但二者无规律性联系。     

不同光质对桑树幼苗生长和光合特性的影响

光质可影响植物光合特性、形态以及生理过程。本试验研究了不同光质(白光W、红光R、红蓝混合光RB、蓝光B)对桑树植株生长、形态和光合作用的影响。结果表明:与白光对照相比,红光、蓝光和红蓝混合光处理下植株的生长、干物质积累受到抑制;红光处理下植株的株高、叶面积显著高于白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理;而白光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的LMA、叶绿素a/b比值、可溶性蛋白含量、蔗糖、淀粉含量和叶片总N含量显著高于红光处理;红蓝混合光处理下植株的Pn、Gs、ΦPSⅡ与白光处理相近,红光、蓝光处理下植株的Pn、ΦPSⅡ低于白光、红蓝混合光处理,同时红光、红蓝混合光、蓝光处理下植株的抗氧化酶活性高于白光处理,而MDA含量低于白光处理;红光处理下植株的叶片厚度、栅栏组织和海绵组织厚度显著小于白光处理。因此,一定比例的红蓝混合光可以使桑树植株的生长、光合特性、生理特征和叶片解剖结构与白光下生长植株相近,并减少单质红光、单质蓝光对植株生长发育的不利影响。     

光质,光强和光期对水母雪莲愈伤组织生长和黄酮生物合成的影响

白光、蓝光、红光和远红光等不同光质照射及不同的白光强度对水母雪莲愈伤组织生长,苯丙氨酸氨基裂解酶（ＰＡＬ）活性及黄酮合成有不同的影响。红光明显促进愈伤组织的生长,但强烈抑制ＰＡＬ活性和黄酮的合成。蓝光对愈伤组织生长无明显影响,但显著提高ＰＡＬ活性和黄酮的合成。白光的作用介于红光和蓝光之间。远红光的作用与蓝光相似,但作用比较弱。每天１６ｈ蓝光加８ｈ白光和８ｈ蓝光加１６ｈ白光的组合产生最高的黄酮含量和     

不同颜色光对野菊花色素溶液稳定性及类胡萝卜素含量的影响

在黑暗（对照）、红光、绿光、蓝光、黄光和白光条件下,对来源于野菊[Dendranthema indicum（Linn．）Des．Moul．]头状花序乙醚提取物的色素溶液中类胡萝卜素含量及色价和色差的变化进行了研究,并对色价和色差与贮藏时间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明：在不同颜色光照条件下,随贮藏时间（0—50d）的延长,溶液中类胡萝卜素含量及412、436和468nm特征波长下溶液的色价均呈逐渐下降的趋势,溶液的色彩参数（L＊、n＊和b＊）则呈现不同的变化规律。贮藏前后类胡萝卜素含量差异极显著（P〈0．01）且与贮藏时间呈显著负相关;在贮藏至50d时,在红光、蓝光、白光、黄光、绿光和黑暗条件下类胡萝卜素含量降幅依次为98．97％、98．33％、95．10％、92．30％、80．38％和17．02％。贮藏10—50d溶液色价均显著小于起始色价（P〈0．05）,其中,在黑暗条件下色价的变化均最小且显著高于其他处理组,而在红光照射下色价降幅最大。在黑暗条件下,溶液亮度增加、色彩变化不明显;而在其他颜色光照条件下,色素溶液均由绿转红、由黄向蓝转变,且与对照相比a＊值显著增大、b＊值显著降低（P〈0．05）,但溶液亮度总体上无显著差异（P〉O．05）。在0—50d的贮藏期内,溶液的色价和色差与储藏时间均呈线形关系,溶液的褪色规律均符合一次降解曲线。研究结果显示：野菊花所含的类胡萝卜素类色素对红光、绿光、蓝光、黄光和白光均较敏感,光照时间越长分解越激烈;在实际应用过程中这类色素应避光保存。     

毛地黄(Digitalis purpurea)叶离体培养过程中光质与培养基对器官发生的交互作用

培养基成分影响毛地黄叶外值体的生长,不含BA的培养基中芽不能发生,无NAA的培养基中无根发生。光质的效应与培养基成分有关,黄、蓝、绿光在未加有机成分(NAA为0.ling·L~(-1))的培养基中能促进芽的生长,当NAA为0.5 mg·L~(-1)时则抑制芽的生长。红光、黑暗处理与培养基成分关系不大,一般均抑制发芽;根的发生不需要光。光质和培养基之间有交互作用。     

光强与光质对银杏光合作用及黄酮苷与萜类内酯含量的影响

对2年生银杏（Ginkgo biloba L.)苗进行遮荫和光膜处理,测定光合速率及碳水化合物,银杏黄酮苷与萜类内酯的含量。光合速率在自然光下测定时从大到小依次为：黄膜＞蓝膜和红膜＞绿膜＞紫膜和白膜,在光膜下测定时为：黄膜＞红膜＞蓝膜、紫膜和白膜＞绿膜。光强和光质对碳水化合物含量有显著影响。光质对萜类内酯的生物合成和积累有影响,紫膜处理的银杏萜类内酯含量最高,为3.89mg/g,比白膜（对照） 高85．23％,其次是绿膜,为2．80mg/g。覆膜和蔗荫显著减少银杏黄酮苷含量,这可能与紫外辐射强度减弱有关。     

不同波长光照对罗汉果光合及生长影响

罗汉果试管苗在不同波长的LED(半导体)蓝(475±5nm)、黄(585±5nm)、红(660±5nm)及普通日光灯下培养,25d后观测发现,其外观的优劣依次为:蓝光>白光>红光>黄光;植株重量:蓝光>红光>黄光>白光;蓝光和白光下的植株叶大、色绿,植株矮壮,侧芽多;红光和黄光下的植株叶小、色黄绿,植株高、细、弯曲、节间长。测定罗汉果成熟叶片的吸收光谱,发现在波长380~500nm及660~680nm处有较强吸收。不同的光质下测定成熟叶片光合速率,大小依次为:红光>蓝光>白光>黄光。上述的各项试验表明,蓝光对罗汉果幼苗生长发育最好;红光和蓝光为成熟叶片光合作用的最佳光源。     

Spectral composition of irradiation regulates the cell growth and flavonoids biosynthesis in callus cultures of Saussurea medusa Maxim

Cell growth, flavonoids biosynthesis and L-phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activity were studied in callus cultures of Saussurea medusa Maxim. under different types of spectral radiance. After 21 days, red light significantly improved the callus growth, but inhibited the biosynthesis of flavonoids in callus cultures. However, blue light was found to enhance the biosynthesis of flavonoids, although callus growth under this spectrum was comparable with that under white and other coloured spectra, such as green and yellow. The accumulation of flavonoids in callus cultures was related to the PAL activity, which was found to be stimulated by the spectral composition of irradiation.     

Effects of light on somatic embryo development and abscisic levels in carrot suspension cultures

Carrot cells were cultured under various light spectra and intensities at different times following the initiation of suspension cultures from callus. The highest intensity white and blue light treatments were inhibitory to growth and somatic embryogenesis. Red and green light were not different from dark treatments which produced the highest total number of embryoids. After extended time in culture, carrot cells in blue light produced secondary embryoids and anthocyanin. Cultures in red light had multiple cotyledons and orange-pigmented radicles. Leafy cotyledons occurred in all light treatments. Abscisic acid production peaked at the heart stage of embryogenesis and synthesis was most pronounced in blue light. Red light enhanced development to the heart stage. Both the red and blue light spectra may be used to manipulate carrot cell cultures to optimize growth.     

光质对湛江等鞭金藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响

在气升式光生物反应器中研究不同光质光影响湛江等鞭金藻的生长。结果表明,藻细胞密度的大小顺序为：红光〉白光＋红光、白光〉白光＋蓝光＋红光〉白光＋蓝光〉蓝光。蓝光下多不饱和脂肪酸百分含量最高,占总脂肪酸的50．01％。白光下总单不饱和脂肪酸和总饱和脂肪酸含量最高,占总脂肪酸的24．19％和27．46％。多不饱和脂肪酸中C18：4。．3含量最高,占总脂肪酸的20．3％-23.3％,最高值出现在蓝光下;其次为C22：6n-3（DHA）,占总脂肪酸的10．2％-12．3％,在蓝光和白光＋蓝光中较高;而C18：2n-6和C18：3n-3均以红光下的为最高,分别达3．11％和8．04％。     

Effects of different LED sources on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce

Using a light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source, the effects of eight different light treatments [white light (control, W), purple light (P), blue light (B), red light (R), green light (G), yellow light (Y), red–blue light in a 9:1 ratio (9R/1B), and red–blue light in a 4:1 ratio (4R/1B)] on the growth, quality and nitrogen metabolism of lettuce were studied. The results showed that compared with the white light, the purple light, blue light, red light, and the red-blue light combination could all increase the biomass of the aboveground part of lettuce to various degrees, while green light and yellow light inhibited lettuce growth. Under blue light, the contents of soluble protein and flavonoid in lettuce were the highest; under red light, the soluble sugar content was the highest, while the contents of soluble protein, free amino acids, and vitamin C (VC) were relatively higher under the 4R/1B light condition. Compared with white light, the sources of purple, blue, and red lights as well as the red–blue light combination all significantly reduced nitrate accumulation in lettuce, and the activities of the nitrogen (N) metabolism-related enzymes such as nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase, glutamate synthase, and glutamate dehydrogenase were increased to varying degrees. In contrast, the contents of nitrate and ammonium N were significantly accumulated in lettuce under green light, and the activities of relative enzymes were significantly reduced. Therefore, the purple light, blue light, and red–blue combination light sources could promote N assimilation and improve the aboveground biomass accumulation in lettuce by improving the activity of the N metabolism-related enzymes in lettuce. Particularly under the 4R/1B light source, the biomass, soluble protein, VC, and total amino acid content were rather high in lettuce, which indicated that the 4R/1B light source could better effectively improve the nutritional quality and promote the growth of lettuce, while yellow light and green light are not suitable to serve as direct sources in a plant factory. These results provide a certain theoretical basis for the regulation of the light environment in cultivation facilities.