墨兰及其杂种的组织培养与快速繁殖

针对墨兰及其杂种常规分株繁殖慢、种子在自然状况下极难萌发的情况,以仙殿白墨及其它与象牙白、西藏虎头兰杂交所得的杂种的胚,仙殿白墨与其杂种Ｆ１代的茎尖、花芽、幼叶、根进行离体培养。结果表明,胚培养以１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％椰子汁培养基萌发效果较好,发育到一定时期的早期胚即能萌发;茎尖、花芽培养在ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０５％活性炭培养基上诱导原球茎比较适合,根与幼叶离体培养未诱导出原球茎;根状茎增殖在以花宝一号、花宝二号、蛋白胨等为主要原料并附加０５％活性炭的自制Ｇ３培养基上长得粗壮且繁殖速度快;根状茎出芽诱导在Ｂ５＋６－ＢＡ２～３ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０２ｍｇ／Ｌ＋０５％活性炭培养基上效果最好;生根壮苗以１／２ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋１０％苹果汁＋１０％香蕉汁＋１０％活性炭培养基能达到较理想的效果;蔗糖浓度生根培养时以２％较佳,其它培养以３％较好。仙殿白墨杂交种的胚萌发率比仙殿白墨略低,萌发期略长;但其花芽与茎尖的原球茎诱导、根状体增殖、根状茎出芽、生根壮苗培养、生长势、抗逆性等方面均具有杂种优势。     

非洲菊组织培养与快速繁殖

植物名称　非洲菊 (Ｇｅｒｂｅｒａｊａｍｅｓｏｎｉｉ) ,又名扶郎花。2　材料类别　黄色和玫瑰红色的花托。3　培养条件　以 1 / 2ＭＳ(大量元素和微量元素减半 )和ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导培养基附加 :(1 ) 6 ＢＡ1 0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ1 .0 ,(2 ) 6 ＢＡ 7 ＮＡＡ 0 .7,(3) 6 ＢＡ 5 ＮＡＡ0 .5 ,(4) 6 ＢＡ 2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2 ;增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .1～ 0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 1～ 0 .0 5 ;生根培养基 :ＭＳ。上述培养基均为固体培养基 ,3%蔗糖、0 .4%琼脂粉 ,ｐＨ 5 .8,培养温度(2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照 1 2～ 1 4ｈ·ｄ…     

仙客来的组织培养与快速繁殖

带香味鲜红颜色的仙客来在中国深受喜爱,尤其是带香味的仙客来变异株很难遇到,针对这一特点进行了仙客来的组培为大量繁殖带香味的仙客来提供了可能。另外嫩叶启动为今后更好地进行仙客来变异株的组培提供了依据。仙客来不仅有香味变异还有重瓣变异及花色变异,本次研究的只是有香味变异的组培技术。介绍了组培方法及管理注意事项。     

火龙果的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　量天尺 (Ｈｙｌｏｃｅｒｅｕｓｕｎｄａｔｕｓ)品种火龙果 ,又名红龙果、青龙果、仙蜜果等。2　材料类别　带刺座的棱片切块。3　培养条件　不定芽诱导培养基 :(1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ5 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ-1(单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .0 8;(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ5 .0 2 ,4 Ｄ 0 .1。不定芽增殖培养基 :(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 8;(4)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 6 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 8;(5 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 1 0 .0 ＮＡＡ 0 .0 8。生根培养基 :(6 ) 1 2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .2 6 ＢＡ 0 .3。上述培养基均附加 3 .0 %蔗糖和 0 .6 %琼脂 ,ｐＨ 5 .7～ 5 .…     

栝楼的组织培养与快速繁殖

栝楼（Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim．）,也称瓜楼、药瓜、吊瓜等,为葫芦科栝楼属（Trichosanthes L．）多年生攀援植物。栝楼根、茎、叶、瓜皮及种子均具有一定的药用价值,其籽是炒货中的佳品。由于栝楼野生资源有限且遭严重破坏,尽管各地有少量引种栽培,但其产量却远不能满足市场需求,因此,对栝楼进行组织培养与快速繁殖具有重要意义。目前,仅有以栝楼腋芽为材料进行组织培养的研究报道。作者以栝楼的茎尖、茎切段和幼叶为外植体进行组织培养,通过对不同培养基的筛选和优化,初步建立了栝楼组织培养的快速繁殖体系,并获得了大量优良品种的无菌苗,为扩大生产提供了保障。     

青苹果的组织培养与快速繁殖

TissueCultureandRapidPropagationofPhilodendronoxycardiumSONGChun-Hua(ZhangzhouResearchInstitiueofAgriculturalSciences,Zhangzhou,Fujian363000）1植物名称青苹果（Philodendronaxycardi-um）,又称圆叶蔓绿绒。2材料类别顶芽、腋芽。3培养条件以MS为基本培养基。（1）诱导不定芽培养基：MS＋6－BA1mg·L－1（单位下同）＋NAA0．1;（2）增殖培养基：MS＋6-BA2＋NAA0．5;（3）生根培养基：MS＋6－BA0.1＋IBA0．5。以上培养基均含蔗糖3％,琼脂0．7％,pHS．8。培养温度为万一30℃,光照12hd‘,光照度2ctDlx。4…     

红掌组织培养与快速繁殖

红掌叶片在新代培养基上的分化能力与品种和叶片部位有关。组织培养试验表明,最佳诱导培养基为改良Nitsch (NH₄NO₃ 200mg/L)+6-BA 1.0mg/L+2,4-D 0.1mg/L;芽增殖培养基Nitsch (NH₄NO₃720mg/L)+6-BA 0.5mg/L;生根培养基为Nitsch (NH₄NO₃720mg/L)。     

甜瓜的组织培养与快速繁殖

１植物名称甜瓜（Ｃｕｃｕｍｉｓｍｅｌｏ）品种“状元”。２材料类别顶芽、侧芽。３培养条件初代培养基：（１）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．２ｍｇ·Ｌ－１（单位下同）＋ＩＡＡ０．２。增殖培养基：（２）ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡＩ＋ＩＡＡ０．２。生根培养基：（３）Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ＋ＩＡＡ０．２;（４）Ｍｉｌｌｅｒ（无激素）。以上培养基ｐＨ均为５．８～６．０。琼脂浓度在（１）、（２）中为０．７％,在（３）、（４）中为０．６％;糖浓度在（１）、（２）中为３％,在（３）、（４）中为２％。培养温度均为（２５±３）℃,光照度２０００ｌｘ,光…     

报春花的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　报春花 (Ｐｒｉｍｕｌａｍａｌａｃｏｉｄｅｓ)。2　材料类别　叶片、叶柄。3　培养条件　以ＭＳ为基本培养基。诱导愈伤组织培养基 :( 1 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 1 ;( 2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .1 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。诱导芽分化培养基 :( 3)ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 3;( 4 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ2 ＮＡＡ 0 .2。生根培养基 :( 5 )ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .3 ＮＡＡ 0 .2。以上培养基 ｐＨ均为 5 .8,琼脂浓度为0 .7% ,蔗糖浓度为 3% ,培养温度均为 2 3～ 2 5℃ ,光照度 1 5 0 0～ 2 0 0 0ｌｘ ,光照 1 2ｈ·ｄ- 1 。4　生长与分化情…     

莲藕的组织培养与快速繁殖

1　植物名称　莲藕 (Ｎｅｌｕｍｂｏｎｕｃｉｆｅｒａ)鄂莲 4号。2　材料类别　茎尖。3　培养条件　 ( 1 )芽分化培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ1 .0～ 2 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＮＡＡ 0 .2 3.0 %蔗糖 ;( 2 )增殖培养基 :ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5～ 1 .0 ＩＢＡ0 .2 3.0 %蔗糖 ;( 3)生根培养基 :ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .5～1 .0 ＡＣ 1 50 0 蔗糖 5.0 %。以上各培养基加0 .6%琼脂 ,ｐＨ 5.8。 ( 4 )移栽用营养液 :1 /4ＭＳ。培养温度 2 5～ 2 8℃ ,每天光照 1 0ｈ ,光照度 1 0 0 0～ 1 50 0ｌｘ。4　生长与分化情况4.1　茎尖的切取与分化　切取健康…     

滇黄精组培褐化影响因素研究

以滇黄精Polygonatum kingianum块茎芽为外植体,对组培过程中褐化的影响因素(灭菌方式、基本培养基及培养温度)进行探讨。结果表明,先经过75%乙醇处理30s消毒表面,再用NaClO 12min+HgCl2 8min消毒的抗褐化效果最好;选用1/2MS基本培养基能有效抑制褐化;低温环境(20℃)能进一步降低褐化发生率。     

玉竹的细胞地理学研究

玉竹(Polygonatum odoratum(Mill))是百合科黄精属的一种,是传统的中草药。玉竹广布于我国东北、华北、华东和西南各省,以及欧亚大陆温带地区。玉竹的细胞学研究较少,多见于染色体数目报道。本文研究了不同地理分布区玉竹的染色体数目及其核型,初步探讨了它们的演化关系,为黄精属细胞地理学研究提供一些新的资料。     

Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships Between Polygonatum odoratum and P. cyrtonema

The present paper is a report on combined cytological and taxonomical studies of Polygonatum odoratum and P. cyrtonema. Based on the extensive field observation and mass collection for some years, the authors made a detailed comparison of the variation pattern of morphology、cytology as well as geographic distribution between forms of P. odoratum and P. cyrtonema. The results show that: Form I: Stem angular, leaves elliptic, peduncles with one, rarely two flowers, perianth 1.7-2.0 cm long, stamens adnate to perianth in the middle part or a little lower. The karyotype formula is 2n=20=12m+8sm (2SAT); Form II: Stem angular, leaves narrow-oblong, peduncles with 2-3 flowers, perianth 2.8-3.2 cm long, the position of stamens on perianth is above the middle part. It has the karyotype 2n=20=8m+1osm(4SAT)+2st; Form III: Stem terete, leaves oblong-lanceolate, peduncles with 3- 10 flowers, perianth 1.5- 2.0cmlong, stamens are adnate to perianth also above the middle part. In this form, two kinds of karyotypes are found: 2n = 22 = 6m+8sm+8st and 2n = 20 = 4m+6sm (2SAT) +10st; Form IV: Stem terete, leaves elliptic, peduncles with 1-4 flowers, perianth 2.3-2.8 cmlong, stamens adnate to perianth above the middle part. The karyotype formulae are 2n = 20 = 4m+14sm (2SAT)+2st and 2n = 20 = 10m+10sm (2SAT); Form V: Stem terete, leaves oblong-lanceolate, peduncles with 3-5 flowers, perianth less than 2.0cm long, stamens adnate to perianth above the middle part. It is of the karyotype 2n=22=4m+8sm(2SAT) +10st. It is pointed out that the P. odoratum collected from the Qinling Range may be a hybrid or an intermediate in the evolutionary process from P. odoratum to P. cyrtonema. The differences between the different forms of P. cyrtonema are obvious and stable, and are probably derived from the chromosomal variation. The different forms of P. cyrtonema may have evolvedfrom P. odoratum along different courses.     

Causes of Fruit Set Variation in Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae)

Abstract: In Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae), flowers located distally within the flowering shoot typically exhibit lower fruit set than flowers located proximally. In this study, experiments were performed to investigate whether the lower fruit set of distal flowers is due to pollen limitation, resource competition or "architectural" effects. We found that (1) fruit set and mean number of ovules per flower decline within the flowering shoot from proximal to distal position; (2) variations in the amount of pollen received do not explain the observed differences in fruit set; (3) the fruit set of the most distal flowers was significantly increased by removal of other flower buds in the flowering shoot just before flower opening, indicating that fruit set in these flowers is resource-limited; and (4) removal of proximal flowers increased the fruit set of later flowers to levels similar to those of early flowers of control shoots, arguing against the architectural effects hypothesis.     

Variation in floral sex allocation in Polygonatum odoratum (Liliaceae)

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: It is well known that resource allocation to male and female functions can be highly variable in hermaphroditic plants. The purpose of this study was to investigate variations in sexual investment at different levels (flower, plant and population) in Polygonatum odoratum, a plant with sequentially opening flowers. METHODS: Pollen and ovule production in base, middle and top flowers of P. odoratum flowering shoots from two natural populations were quantified. Plant measurements of phenotypic and functional gender were calculated in both populations. Total leaf number was used to investigate the relationship between gender assessments and plant size. KEY RESULTS: Pollen and ovule production varied depending on flower position, although the precise pattern differed between both studied populations; only investment in female floral function decreased markedly from base to top flowers in both populations. The frequency distribution of phenotypic gender and their relationship with plant size differed between populations. Phenotypic and functional gender were correlated in both populations. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual investment in P. odoratum has shown a marked variability within plants, among plants, and between populations, which confirms the importance of analysing sex expression in plants of this type. Differences in relative investment in male and female components (phenotypic gender) are reflected in the functional gender and it would be expected that the evolution of sexual specialization in Polygonatum odoratum would be promoted.     

Effects of fermentation treatments on Polygonatum odoratum flavones’ antioxidant activities

The main aim of this study is to analyze antioxidant properties of Polygonatum odoratum fermented with bacteria, fungi and yeast. Antioxidant activities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and anti-lipid peroxidation abilities) were assessed in samples of flavones isolated from fermented P. odoratum (Mill.) druce samples. Fermentations using Lactobacillus, yeast and Aspergillus were investigated. Results showed that the antioxidant ability of Polygonatum odoratum flavones was decreased by the fermentation of Lactobacillus and yeast. Aspergillus niger fermentation improved the antioxidant ability of P. odoratum flavones. In this study, effective antioxidant activity was achieved in flavones fermented with Aspergillus niger than yeast and Lactobacillus species.     

不同产地玉竹黄酮提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

以芦丁为参照,利用DPPH比色法和总还原能力测定法,对不同产地玉竹药材总黄酮体外抗氧化能力进行比较研究.结果表明:(1)不同产地玉竹总黄酮提取物对DPPH自由基均有较好的清除作用,但各样品间存在一定差异,在浓度为0.5 g·L-1时,山东泰安、安徽六安产玉竹黄酮DPPH清除作用达到最强,与芦丁相比无显著差异;(2)不同...     

玉竹品质与主要生态因子的相关性

采用逐步回归、主成分分析和灰色关联度分析等方法,研究不同产地野生玉竹的有效成分(多糖、水溶物和醇提物)含量和抗氧化活性与主要生态因子的相关性.结果表明: 1月均温、7月均温、年降水量、无霜期、土壤pH和全钾含量是影响玉竹有效成分含量的主要生态因子,对玉竹有效成分含量变化的影响程度占99.0%.与土壤因子相比,气候因子对3种有效成分含量的影响较大;土壤全钾含量是对玉竹有效成分含量直接影响最大的因素,年降水量是最主要的决策因素,1月均温是最主要的限制因素.多糖和水溶物含量是影响玉竹抗氧化活性的主要因子,玉竹对DPPH自由基的清除能力随多糖和水溶物含量的增加而增大.     

大连地区岛屿与大陆玉竹种群遗传多样性的ISSR分析

选取大连地区大陆与海岛共有植物玉竹为研究对象,采用ISSR分子标记技术对来自5个海岛和4个大陆种群的262个玉竹个体进行遗传多样性的比较和分析。从10个筛选出的ISSR引物扩增得到120个位点信息,其中多态性条带百分率为91.67%,Nei's基因多样性指数（h）为0.346 0,Shannon信息指数（I）为0.510 8。其遗传分化系数（G_st）为0.117 4,基因流（N_m）为3.758 5。研究结果表明玉竹天然种群的遗传多样性较为丰富,种群间基因交流较为频繁,遗传距离与地理距离具有一定的相关性。通过海岛与大陆种群遗传多样性的比对发现,海岛种群的遗传多样性略高于大陆种群,表明在孤立的生境和更为复杂的选择压力下,海岛玉竹种群可能会积累更多的遗传变异从而形成较高的遗传多样性水平。本文研究结果将为进一步探讨隔离生境中天然植物种群遗传进化规律提供证据。     

黄精种子萌发及组培技术研究

研究了不同的激素对多花黄精种子的萌发及组培的影响。研究结果表明:多花黄精种子萌发的最佳激素条件为6-BA 180.0 mg/L+GA_3 60.0 mg/L,两种激素可能有交互作用;多花黄精块茎外植体的最佳灭菌时间为12 min;最佳诱导外植体愈伤组织培养基为:6-BA 2.0 mg/L+2,4-D 0.2 mg/L+MS,低浓度的6-BA利于多花黄精块茎愈伤诱导;最佳诱芽培养基为:6-BA 6.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+MS和6-BA 4.0 mg/L+TDZ 0.2 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L+MS,低浓度的TDZ对不定芽的诱导和生长有促进作用;最佳生根培养基为:IBA 1.0 mg/L+1/2MS,但是过高浓度的IBA会抑制根的诱导。通过多花黄精的繁殖技术的研究,以期为多花黄精的快繁提供技术支持。