用于HBV病毒快速诊断的分子信标探针设计

分子信标是一种高灵敏度、高特异性的新型荧光核酸探针.它在与互补DNA或RNA靶序列杂交时放出荧光.利用Genebank中调出已知HBV病毒ayr亚型基因组信息,通过BeaconDesigner4.0软件进行分子信标探针设计,共设计出6条分子信标探针,以便于为目前HBV病毒快速诊断提供参考.     

用SARS冠状病毒全基因组芯片杂交方法分析SARS-CoV

为从临床样品中检测和分析SARSCoV病毒打基础,并为分析SARSCoV病毒的复制和转录等机理提供一种有效方法。以SARS冠状病毒TOR2株序列作为标准设计和制备一种覆盖SARS冠状病毒全基因组的寡聚核苷酸芯片,探针长度为70nt,每相邻的探针序列重复25nt,共660条。用该芯片分析了细胞培养的SARSCoV病毒总RNA、7个SARSCoV病毒的基因克隆片段。对RNA样品用随机引物进行反转录PCR获得cDNA。对DNA用随机引物扩增和dUTPcy3标记。结果用这种芯片杂交检测SARSCoV病毒RNA可见阳性信号呈全基因组分布,并且有多处连续的阳性信号点;用正常人的白细胞RNA为对照,杂交未出现明显阳性信号。检测7个SARSCoV病毒基因克隆片段,在该片段相应的探针区段出现连续阳性信号点。这种方法可有效地检测和分析样品中SARS冠状病毒全基因组的信息。     

分子信标探针用于PCR检测对虾白斑杆状病毒

将对虾白斑杆状病毒的一段特异性DNA设计成分子信标探针,用于该病毒的PCR检测.温度与荧光强度之间的关系表明,所设计探针的发夹既可以形成也可以打开,符合PCR对分子信标探针的要求.结果表明,在PCR同时加入分子信标探针不影响PCR扩增,分子信标探针只能与目的DNA杂交,具有较高的特异性.随着PCR循环数的增加以及含目的DNA的质粒拷贝数的增加,荧光强度都随之增强.     

荧光扫描法快速检测肽核酸分子信标标记的单增李斯特菌北大核心CSCD

【目的】建立了单核细胞增多性李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes,单增李斯特菌)的肽核酸(Peptide nucleic acid,PNA)分子信标(Molecular beacon)的荧光扫描检测方法,以简化普通PNA原位荧光杂交(Fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH)检测方法中显微镜观察步骤。【方法】在具有单增李斯特菌特异性的肽核酸探针的5′和3′分别标记报告荧光基团和淬灭基团形成分子信标PNA探针,利用FISH技术和荧光扫描技术对单增李斯特菌进行检测。【结果】用普通PNA探针进行荧光扫描检测时,以N1处理为空白对照,假阳性率11.4%,假阴性率为0;以N2处理为空白时,假阳性率降低至4.3%,但假阴性率上升为18.6%。用分子信标PNA探针进行检测时,用N1为空白对照时,假阳性率8.6%,假阴性率为1.4%;以N2处理作为空白时,假阳性率5.7%,假阴性率为1.4%。与普通探针比较,分子信标PNA探针能有效减少假阳性和假阴性的发生。2种普通PNA探针的杂交成功率分别为83.3%和95.2%;2种"分子信标化"的肽核酸探针的成功率分别为91.7%和90.5%,表明探针两端标记并不会降低与目标菌的杂交成功率。【结论】将液相PNA-FISH和荧光扫描技术结合,通过大通量快速的荧光扫描检测可大幅提高检测效率。同时将肽核酸探针分子信标化,有效的降低了荧光扫描结果的假阳性,并通过了N1和N2两种空白对照处理把假阴性控制在较低的范围。     

以分子信标为报告分子的凝血酶检测新方法

以分子信标为报告分子,核酸适体为识别分子,发展了一种新的凝血酶检测方法.含有分子信标互补序列的核酸适体探针与凝血酶结合后,分子信标的荧光信号下降,从而得到凝血酶的浓度信息.该方法快速、灵敏,核酸适体探针无需荧光标记、设计简单,检测限达到0.83nmol/L.     

分子信标核酸检测技术研究进展

介绍了分子信标设计和分子信标核酸检测原理、技术特性和在基因突变大规模自动化检测中的应用. 分子信标是一种基于荧光共振能量转移现象设计的发卡型寡核苷酸探针,空间结构上呈茎环结构, 环序列是与靶核酸互补的探针,茎序列由与靶序列无关的互补序列构成,茎的一端连上荧光分子,另一端连上淬灭分子.通过空间结构改变决定分子信标发射荧光特性,从而对核酸进行定量检测. 分子信标技术具有操作简单、敏感、特异、可对核酸进行液相实时检测和对活体内核酸动态进行检测等特点,已应用于HIV辅助受体基因等基因突变的大规模自动化检测,是一种新型核酸定量检测技术.     

毛细管电泳分子信标技术与SARS病毒的实验室检测

随着非典型肺炎的病原体SARS病毒的发现,为研究者提出了一个新的课题---如何有效地进行SARS病毒的实验室早期诊断。为此,各种检测方法应运而生,对SARS病毒的现有检测方法进行综述,并对毛细管电泳分子信标技术的原理,及在SARS病毒检测中的优势进行简单叙述。     

普通小麦-中间偃麦草TAI-27中附加染色体的显微切割及特异性探针的筛选

试验以长穗偃麦草基因组DNA为探针 ,与普通小麦 中间偃麦草TAI 2 7进行染色体原位杂交 ,表明有 4条与长穗偃麦草同源的染色体 ;以P .stipifolia (St)基因组DNA为探针 ,有 4条与St同源的染色体 .这说明TAI 2 7中有 4条St染色体 .TAI 2 7是异代换 附加系 .对TAI 2 7中附加的中间偃麦草染色体进行显微切割 ,并建立其微克隆库 ,从中筛选获得了中间偃麦草的特异性探针 ,同源性分析表明该序列为一新序列 .这为进一步筛选抗病、抗逆和优质基因打下基础 .     

加拿大披碱草×野大麦三倍体杂种染色体的分子原位杂交鉴定

加拿大披碱草与野大麦 2个四倍体多年生禾草杂交产生的属间杂种F1为三倍体 (2n =3x =2 1) ,丢失了与亲本染色体基数相同的 7条染色体。为查明该杂种F1的染色体构成 ,应用基因组分子原位杂交方法 ,将父本(♂ )野大麦基因组 (H1H1H2 H2 )DNA用荧光生物素标记作为探针 ,以母本 (♀ )加拿大披碱草基因组 (SSHCHC)DNA作为封组 ,对杂种F1根尖细胞有丝分裂中期的染色体DNA进行原位杂交。结果表明 :三倍体杂种F12 1条染色体中 ,有 14条出现偏黄色荧光信号 ,来自父本 (♂ )野大麦H1H2 基因组有 7条出现橙红色荧光信号 ,来自母本 (♀ )加拿大披碱草S基因组、加拿大披碱草HC 基因组的 7条染色体丢失。     

新型分子信标技术的研究进展

分子信标是一种设计巧妙的新型荧光标记核酸探针。特殊的发夹结构使分子信标具有很强的特异性识别靶标序列的能力,目前已成为生物学中一种强有力的研究工具。本文介绍了近年来出现的各种新型的分子信标(MB)的结构及工作原理。简要概述了MB技术在生命科学领域中的应用,展望了MB技术的发展趋势。     

全基因组扩增策略在基因芯片分析SARS冠状病毒实验中的应用

针对SARS冠状病毒的分子生物学检测是控制SARS流行的关键环节。为评价全基因组扩增对SARS微量样本检测的影响 ,采用 6 mer随机引物反转录 ,用加接头的随机引物合成第二链 ,再以接头序列为引物扩增并掺入荧光标记 ,最后与带有 70 mer探针的基因芯片杂交。此非特异方法基本覆盖了样本中的全部DNA ,结果发现SARS冠状病毒全基因组的扩增效果对基因芯片杂交结果的均匀性有较大影响 ,PCR循环次数增多会导致扩增均匀性的降低。分析了不同的引物对全基因组扩增均匀性的影响 ,探讨了全基因组扩增策略的缺陷。     

SARS病毒的分子生物学研究进展

SARS(Severe ACute Respiartosy sychom)病毒是一种最新发现的冠状病毒,目前对SAPS病毒的蛋白组成和功能,病毒的基 因组结构,病毒的增殖周期,分子生物学诊断方法等方面的最新研究正在世界各地开展。     

Evolutionary relationships and sequence-structure determinants in human SARS coronavirus-2 spike proteins for host receptor recognition

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic infectious disease caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2). The SARS CoV-2 is transmitted more rapidly and readily than SARS CoV. Both, SARS CoV and SARS CoV-2 via their glycosylated spike proteins recognize the human angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptor. We generated multiple sequence alignments and phylogenetic trees for representative spike proteins of SARS CoV and SARS CoV-2 from various host sources in order to analyze the specificity in SARS CoV-2 spike proteins required for causing infection in humans. Our results show that among the genomes analyzed, two sequence regions in the N-terminal domain “MESEFR” and “SYLTPG” are specific to human SARS CoV-2. In the receptor-binding domain, two sequence regions “VGGNY“ and ”EIYQAGSTPCNGV” and a disulfide bridge connecting 480C and 488C in the extended loop are structural determinants for the recognition of human ACE-2 receptor. The complete genome analysis of representative SARS CoVs from bat, civet, human host sources, and human SARS CoV-2 identified the bat genome (GenBank code: MN996532.1) as closest to the recent novel human SARS CoV-2 genomes. The bat SARS CoV genomes (GenBank codes: MG772933 and MG772934) are evolutionary intermediates in the mutagenesis progression toward becoming human SARS CoV-2.     

SARS-CoV-2 pathophysiology and assessment of coronaviruses in CNS diseases with a focus on therapeutic targets

The novel Coronavirus disease of 2019 (nCOV-19) is a viral outbreak noted first in Wuhan, China. This disease is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Coronavirus (CoV)-2. In the past, other members of the coronavirus family, such as SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), have made an impact in China and the Arabian peninsula respectively. Both SARS and COVID-19 share similar symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing that can become fatal in later stages. However, SARS and MERS infections were epidemic diseases constrained to limited regions. By March 2020 the SARS-CoV-2 had spread across the globe and on March 11th, 2020 the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as pandemic disease. In severe SARS-CoV-2 infection, many patients succumbed to pneumonia. Higher rates of deaths were seen in older patients who had co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and dementia. In this review paper, we discuss the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on CNS diseases, such as Alzheimer's-like dementia, and diabetes mellitus. We also focus on the virus genome, pathophysiology, theranostics, and autophagy mechanisms. We will assess the multiorgan failure reported in advanced stages of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our paper will provide mechanistic clues and therapeutic targets for physicians and investigators to combat COVID-19.     

Immune responses with DNA vaccines encoded different gene fragments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus in BALB/c mice

To analyze the immune responses of DNA vaccine encoded different gene fragments of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-Cov), SARS-Cov gene fragments of membrane (M), nucleocapsid (N), spike a (Sa), and spike b (Sb) proteins were cloned into pcDNA3.1 (Invitrogen) vector to form plasmids pcDNAM, pcDNAN, pcDNASa, and pcDNASb, respectively. After mice were immunized intramuscularly with pcDNAM, pcDNAN or pcDNASa-pcDNASb plasmid, blood was collected and serum was separated. Humoral immune response was detected with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and cellular immune response of SARS-Cov DNA vaccines was detected with lymphoproliferation assay and cytotoxic T lymphocyte assay. Results show that cellular and humoral immune responses can be detected after immunization with pcDNAM, pcDNAN or pcDNASa-pcDNASb plasmids in BALB/c mice. However, pcDNAM stimulated the highest cellular immune response than other plasmids, and pcDNASa-pcDNASb stimulated the highest humoral immune response in week 12. The present results not only suggest that DNA immunization with pcDNAM, pcDNAN or pcDNASa-pcDNASb could be used as potential DNA vaccination approaches to induce antibody in BALB/c mice, but also to illustrate that gene immunization with these SARS DNA vaccines different immune response characters.     

SARS病毒再测序DNA微阵列的探针设计

探针设计是SARS病毒再测序DNA微阵列制作的关键步骤,为了保证探针的杂交条件尽可能一致,采用了作者提出的两种等长变覆盖的探针设计方法,即基于Tm距离的算法和遗传算法。针对SAILS病毒基因组中的两段特异序列设计了一组探针,并与等长移位法和变长变覆盖法的设计结果进行了比较。等长变覆盖法得到的探针集在探针长度一致的情况下,探针的Tm值有较小的标准差和变化范围。结果表明,等长变覆盖法得到的探针具有更好的杂交条件一致性。     

Association of HLA classⅠand classⅡgenes with severe acute respiratory syndrome in the northern Chinese population

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was a major epidemic at the beginning of the 21^st century. This highly infectious disease is caused by a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV), whose immune reaction is still not completely understood. This study described the genetic patterns of HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 loci in patients from Beijing who survived SARS, and examined whether an association between HLA genes and susceptibility/resistance to SARS exists. A total of 148 Chinese Han SARS survivors were recruited to donate convalescent plasma in 2003. HLA low-resolution genotyping was carried out using PCR-SSP. Allele frequencies were compared with published frequencies of HLA alleles from 11 755 unrelated northern Chinese Han bone marrow donors by Fisher's exact test. In this cohort, 13, 25 and 13 alleles were observed at HLA-A, -B, and -DRB1 loci respectively. Fisher's exact tests revealed four alleles (A*26, DRB1*04, DRB1*09, and DRB1*16) that showed a nominal association significance with the SARS virus (P<0.05), yet none of these associations remained significant after correction. Our study suggests that HLA polymorphisms were unlikely to have contributed significantly to either the susceptibility or resistance to the SARS-Cov infection in patients who survived SARS in the Northern Chinese population, thus leaving an open question for future studies into a possible association HLA class Ⅰ and class Ⅱ genes with SARS in patients who were unable to survive the infection.     

Human Monoclonal Antibodies: On the Menu of Targeted Therapeutics Against COVID-19

Virologica Sinica - Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), reminiscent of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003, has been a tragic disaster to people all over the world. As...     

冠状病毒S蛋白及其受体的结构和功能

冠状病毒是有包膜的单股正链RNA病毒。作为人和动物的重要致病原,冠状病毒感染主要导致宿主呼吸系统、肝脏、胃肠道以及神经系统出现急性或慢性症状。2000年以来,传染性非典型肺炎和中东呼吸综合征的暴发,以及猪流行性腹泻病毒在全球猪群中的暴发流行,引起大家对动物冠状病毒的极大重视。S蛋白具有受体结合活性和膜融合活性,是冠状病毒感染细胞的关键蛋白;S蛋白在病毒的组织或宿主嗜性和毒力等方面发挥重要作用。本文重点对近年来冠状病毒S蛋白的结构、功能以及S蛋白与受体相互作用的研究进行综述,以期为冠状病毒的入侵机制和反向遗传学研究以及受体阻断药物的开发提供参考。     

SARS-CoV推测N蛋白功能结构的生物信息学研究

目的:利用生物信息学方法理论分析不同地区来源的SARS冠状病毒(SARSCoV)推断N蛋白的基因组与氨基酸序列的差异及分子生物学特征以及基因突变对蛋白结构功能的影响。方法:针对GenBank上发布的来自不同国家地区的15条SARSCoV基因组序列,采用生物信息学软件分析其推测N蛋白的CDS和氨基酸序列,分别找出突变位点并预测其等电点及功能结构域。结果:SARSCoV推测N蛋白基因组序列存在5个变异位点导致蛋白序列有4个位点发生突变。在该蛋白上发现四个有意义的低成分复杂性区域;未发现卷曲螺旋、跨膜螺旋和信号肽序列。基因突变造成4条序列在功能位点数量上减少,但未影响抗原决定簇。预测发现两个保守的Domain和一个丝氨酸富集区。结论:不同地区来源的15条推测N蛋白序列的变异很少。基因突变导致部分序列功能位点数量发生改变,但未影响抗原决定簇的数量。