Reviews

Advances in Botanical Research . Vol. 14. Ed. by J. A. C allow .
Inorganic Nitrogen Metabolism . Ed. by W. R. U llrich , P. J. A paricio , P. J. S yrett and F. C astillo .
A Centry od Nitrogen Fixation Research . Ed. by F. J. B ergersen and J. R. P ostgate .
Horizons in Lichenology . Ed. by D. H. D alby , D. L. H awksworth and S. L. J ury .
Introduction to Ecological Biochemistry , By J. B. H arborne .
Russell's Soil Conditions and Plant Growth, Ed. by A lan W ild .
Disease and Plant Population Biology . By J. J. B urdon.
Molecular Determinants of Plant Diseases . Ed. by S. N ishimura , C. P. V ance and N. D oke.
British Fungus Flora, Agrics and Boleti 5. Strophariaceae & Coprinaceae P.P.: Hypholoma, Melanotus, Psilocybe, Stropharia, Lacrymaria & Panaeolus, Psilocybe, Stropharia, Lacrymaria & Panaeolus, By R W atling and M. N. G regory .
Mechanisms of Woody Plant Defenses Against Insects . Ed. by W. J. M attson , J. L evieux and C. B ernard -D agan .
Air Pollution and Acid Rain. The Biological Impact . By A. W ellburn .
The Australian Paniceae (Paniceae) . By R. D. W erster .
Kew Index for 1986 . Compiled by R.A. D avies and K.M. L loyd .
Kew Index for 1987 . Compiled by R. A. D avies and K. M. L loyd .
Index Kewensis Supplement XVII . Compiled by J. L. M. P inner , T. A. B ence , R. A. D avies and K. M. L loyd .
Index Kewensis Supplement XVIII . Compiled by J. L. M. P inner , T. A. B ence , R. A. D avies and K. M. L loyd . Edited by R. A. D avies .
The Botany of Mangroves . By P. B. T omlinson .
Floweroing Plants in West Africa . By M argaret S teentoft .
Plants in Danger . By S. D. D avies     

Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
Molecular Biology of Photosynthesis. Ed. By G ovindjee , H. J. B ohnert , W. B ottomley , D. A. B ryant , J. E. M ullet , W. L. O gren , H. P akrasi and C. R. S omerville .
Biochemical and Physiological Aspects of Ethylene Production in Lower and Higher Plants. Ed. by H. C lijsters , M. de P roft , R. M arcelle and M. V an P oucke .
Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Sulphur Utilisation by Fungi. By L. B oddy , R. M archant and D. J. R ead .
Fungi and Ecological Disturbance. Ed. by L. B oddy , R. W atling and A. J. E. L yon .
Phytoplankton , 2nd Edn. By A. D. B oney .
The Holocene: An Environmental History. By N eil R oberts .
Chambers Biology Dictionary. Ed. by P. M. B. W alker , C.B.E., F.R.S.E.     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
Speciation in Tropical Environments . Ed. by R. H. L owe -M c C onnell .
Determination of Angiosperm Families by means of a Punched-Card System . By B. H ansen and K. R ahn.
Numerical Taxonomy . Ed. by A. J. C ole.
Flowers of Europe—a Field Guide . By O. P olunin.
Spring Flora of Minnesota, including Common Cultivated Plants . By T homas M orley.
The Early Development of Irish Society: the Evidence of Aerial Photography . By E. R. N orman and J. K. S. S t J oseph.
Plant Pathology . By G. N. A grios.
Mycological Studies honoring John N. Couch . Ed. by W. J. K ock.
Common Edible Mushrooms . By C lyde M. C hristensen .
Fungal Parasitism . By B rian J. D everall.
The Algae—A Review . By G. W. P rescott .
An Introduction to the Principles of Plant Physiology , By W. S tiles and E. C. C ocking .
Perspectives in Phytochemistry . Ed. by J. B. H arborne and T. S wain .
Introduction to Plant Physiology . By J acob L evitt .
Root Growth . Ed. by W. J. W hittington .
Statistics and Experimental Design . By G eoffrey M. C larke .
Ecological Aspects of the Mineral Nutrition of Plants . Ed. by I. H. R orison et al.
Evolution and Phylogeny of Flowering Plants . By J. H utchinson .     

Reviews

Plant Membranes: a Biophysical Approach to Structure, Development and Senescence. By Y. Y. L eshem , with additional contributions by R. L. S hewfelt , C. M. W illmer and O. P antoja .
Methods in Plant Biochemistry (Series Eds. P. M. D ey and J. B. H arborne ); Vol. 7: Terpenoids. Ed. by B. V. C harlwood and D. V. B anthorpe .
CHCD Dictionary of Natural Products on CD-ROM.
Plant Molecular Systematics. By D. J. C rawford .
Physiology – Breeding of Winter Cereals for Stressed Mediterranean Environments. (Physiologie – Sélection des céréales d'hiver en conditions méditerranéennes). Ed. by E. A cevedo , A. P. C onesa , P. M onneveux and J. P. S rivastava .
Plant Genetic Manipulation for Crop Protection. Ed. A. M. R. G atehouse , V. A. H ilder and D. B oulter .
In vitro Culture of Trees. By J. M. B onga and P. von A derkas .
Flechten als Bioindikatoren. Integriertes biologisches Meβsystem der Luftverschmutzung für das Schweizer Mittelland . By R olf H erzig and M artin U rech .
Evolution and Function of Heterostyly. Ed. by S. C. H. B arrett .
Wild Plants of Glasgow. By J. H. D ickson .     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
The Biology of Mycorrhiza. By J. L. H arley .
Techniques for Plant Electron Microscopy by B. E. J uniper , A. J. G ilchrist and P. R. W illiams .
Dormancy and Survival. Ed. by H. W. W oolhouse .
Organization and Control in Procaryotic and Eucaryotic Cells. Ed. by H. P. C harles and B. C. J. G. K night .
The Induction of Flowering. Ed. by L. T. E vans .
Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Ed. by C. R. M etcalfe
Population Dynamics. By M aurice S olomon .
Chemical and Botanical Guide to Lichen Products. BY C hicita F. C ulberson .
Drawings of British Plants; Part XXVI: Polygonaceae-Buxaceae. By S tella R oss -C raig .
The Native Cacti of California. By L yman B enson .
Lehrbuch der Pflanzenphysiologie . By H. M ohr .
Experimente zur Pfianzenphysiologie . By P eter S chopfer .
Biologie de la vigne . By F. B ugnon and R. B essis
La Phyllotaxie . By J.-E. L oiseau .
Leven en werk van Hugo de Vries . By P. H. W. A. M. de V eer .
Chemical Analysis of Leaves and other Organs of Theobroma cacao L. as a Means of Diagnosing Fertiliser Requirements . By T. E ernstman .
Cactus-Feeding Insects and Mites . By J ohn M ann .
Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica. Myxotnycetes from Dominica . By M arie L. F arr .
A Revision of the Genus Camissonia (Onagraceae) . By P eter H. R aven .
Protoplasmatologia . Band VIII/7/b. Aktiver Transport (Kurzstreckentransport bet Pflan-zen) . By U. L uttge .
Protoplasmatologia . Band VIII/8. Sekretion und Exkretion bei Pflanzen. By E. S ciinepf .
Protoplasmatologia . Band II/C/6. Die Hydration und Hydratur des Protoplasmas der Pflanzen und Hire öko-physiologische Bedeutung. By H. W alter und K. K reeb .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Nitrogen Fixation by Free-living Micro-organisms. Ed. by W. D. P. S tewart .
International Biological Programme. Volume 7: Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Plants. Ed. by P. S. N utman .
Gibberellins and Plant Growth. Ed. by H. M. K rishnamoorthy .
Cytodifferentiation in Plants. By L. W. R oberts .
Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology, New Series. Ed. by A. P irson and M. H. Z immerman .
Traité de Paléobotanique : Volume 4, fascicle 2: Pteridophylla (ist part). By E. B oureau and J. D oubinger .
Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands. Volume 5. Ed. by P. H. D avis , assisted by V. A. M atthews , F. K. K upicha & B. S. P arris .
Physiological Plant Ecology. By W. L archer . Translated from the German by M. A. B iederman -T horson .
The Biology of Eucalypts , By L. D. P ryor .
The Morphology of Pteridophytes. By K. R. S porne .
European Floristic and Taxonomic Studies, B.S.B.I. Conference Report No. 15. Ed. by S. M. W alters (with the assistance of C. J. K ing ).     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
Excursion Flora of the British Isles , 2nd edn. By A. R. C lapham , T. G. T utin and E. F. W arburg .
Critical Supplement to the Atlas of the British Flora . Ed. by F. H. P erring assisted by P. D. S ell .
Drawings of British Plants . Part XXIV. Labiatae . By S tella R oss -C raig .
Britain's Green Mantle , 2nd edn. By the late A. G. T ansley . Revised by M. C. F. P roctor .
The Flora of Berkshire . By H. J. M. B owen .
Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands . By P. H. D avis , assisted by J. C ullen and M. J. E. C oode .
Plants and Man on the Seychelles Coast . By J. D. S auer .
Key to the Families of Flowering Plants of the World . Revised and enlarged by J. H utchinson .
The Diversity of Green Flants . By P. R. B ell and C. L. F. W oodcock .
IBP Handbook No . 5: Handbook to the Conservation Section of the International Biological Programme . By E. M. N icholson .
Plants, Man and Life , 2nd edn. By E dgar A nderson .
Production and Mineral Cycling in Terrestrial Vegetation . By L. E. R odin and N. I. B azilevich . Translation by Scripta Technica Ltd (Ed. by G. E. F ogg ).
'Torrey Canyon' Pollution and Marine Life . A Report by the Plymouth Laboratory of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Ed. by J. E. S mith .
Geobotanische Untersuchungen auf der Feddersen Wier de . By U. K örber -G rohne .
Cell Walls and Membranes . By H. J. R ogers and H. R. P erkins .
Wachstums regulatoren bei Pflanzen . Ed. by E. L ibbert and B. S teyer .
The Ecology of Soil Bacteria ( An International Symposium ). Ed. by T. R. G. G ray and D. P arkinson .
Genetics of Fungi . By K arl E sser and R udolf K uenen . Translated by E rich S teiner .
Plant Pathologist's Pocketbook . Compiled by The Commonwealth Mycological Institute.     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
The Cambridge Encyclopedia of Life Sciences. General editors A. F riday and D. S. I ngram .
The Physiological Properties of Plant Protoplasts. Ed. by P. E. P ilet .
Plant Leaf Optical Properties in Visible and Near Infra-Red Light. By H. W. G ausman .
Regulation of Sources and Sinks in Crop Plants. British Plant Growth Regulator Group Monograph No. 12. Ed. by B. J effcoat , A. F. H awkins and A. D. S tead .
The Biochemistry and Physiology of the Lemon and Other Citrus Fruits. By W. B. S inclair .
Developmental Biology of Higher Fungi. British Mycological Society Symposium No. 10. Ed. by D. M oore , L. A. C asselton , D. A. W ood and J. C. F rankland .
Flora of New Zealand Lichens. By D. J. G alloway .
Physiological Ecology of Seaweeds. By C. S. L obban , P. J. H arrison and M. O. D uncan .
Insects and Flowers. The Biology of a Partnership. By F. G. B arth . Translated from the German by M. A. B iederman -T horson .     

Reviews

The Flavonoids. Advances in Research since 1980. Ed. by J. B. H arborne .
Hungry crops : a guide to nutrient deficiencies in field crops By N. J. G rundon .
Microbial ecology: organisms, habitats, activities. By H einz S tolp .
Evolutionary Biology of the Fungi. Ed. by A. D. M. R ayner , C. M. B rasier and D. M oore .
Micro-algal Biotechnology . Edited by M.A. B orowitzka and L. J. B orowitzka and L. J. B orowitzka .
Experimental Phycology: A laboratory manual Edited by C hristopher S. L obban , D avid J. C hapman , and B runo P. K remer .
100 Families of Flowering Plants. By M. H ickey and C. K ing .
Differentiation Patterns in Higher Plants. Edited by K. M. U rbanska .
The Living Tundra. By Yu. I. C hernov , Translated by D. L öve .
North American Terrestrial Vegetation. Edited by M. G. B arbour & W. D. B illings .
Biogeography and Quaternary History in Tropical Latin America. By T. C. W hitmore and G. T. P rance (Editors).
Biogeographical Evolution of the Malay Archipelago . By T. C. W hitmore (Editor).
Postglacial Vegetation of Canada. By J. C. R ichie .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article
Mycoplasma Diseases of Trees and Shrubs. Ed. by K. M aramorosch and S. P. R aychaudhuhi .
Alpine Rasengesellschaften auf Silikatgestein bei Davos. By L uca V etterli .
The Rust Fungi. Ed. by K. J. S cott and A. K. C hakravorty .
Environment and Plant Ecology. By J. R. E thehington .
Cryptogams. By K. E sser
Nitrogen fixation. Volume 1: Ecology. Ed. by W. J. B roughton .
Agricultural Plants. By R. H. M. L anger and G. D. H ill
Decomposer Basidiomycetes: their Biology and Ecology. Ed. by J. C. F rankland , J. N. H edger and M. J. S wift .
Cell Walls'81: Proceeding of the Second Cell Wall Meeting held in Gottingen, April 8–11, 1981. Ed. by D. G. R obinson and H. Q uader .     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article:
A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns . By the late J. C. W illis . Seventh edition, revised by H. K. A iry S haw .
The Principles of Pollination Ecology . By K. F aegri and L. van D er P ijl .
Studies in Biology, No. 5, Plant Taxonomy . By V. H. H eywood .
Deadly Harvest . By J ohn M. K ingsbury .
Plant Physiology . By H enrik G. L undegardh . Translated by F. M. I rvine , Translation edited by W. O. J ames .
The Biology of Lichens . By M ason E. H ale J r . In: Contemporary Biology Series, General editors E. J. W. B arrington and A. J. W illis .
Plant Biology Today . Second edition. Ed. by W. A. J ensen and L. G. K avaljian .
Organisation in Plants . Second edition. By B. M. B aron .
Fortschritte der Botanik , Band 28. Ed. by E. B ünning , H. E llenberg , K. E sser , H. M erxmuller and P. S itte .
Taxonomy of Flowering Plants . Second edition. By C. L. P orter .
The Study of Biology . By J. J. W. B aker and G. E. A llen .
Experiments in the Study of Biology . By J. J. W. B aker , G. E. A llen , E. G age and S. K. W ebster .
Grundriss der Phytopathologie iind des Pflanzenschutzes . By H ans -A lfred K irchner .
Bibliography of Seeds . Compiled and edited by L. V. B arton .
Pollen Grains of Western Himalaxan Plants . By P. K. K. N air .
Families of Flowering Plants in Ethiopia . By W. C. B urger .     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in This Article:
Tropische Nutzpflanzen. By H einz B rücher .
The Molecular Biology of Plant Cells. Ed. by H. S mith .
Plant Metabolism. By H. D. K umar and H. N. S ing h.
The Ribonucleic Acids. Ed. by P. R. S tewart and D. S. L etham .
Transport Phenomena in Plants. By D. A. B aker .
Transport of Ions and Water in Animals. Ed. by B. L. G upta , R. B. M oreton , J. L. O scham and B. J. W all .
Water in Plants Bibliography. Ed. by J. P ospisilova and J. S olarova .
Advances in Botanical Research. Vol. 4. Ed. by R. D. P reston and H. W. W oolhouse .
Progress in Botany: Morphology: Physiology: Genetics: Taxonomy: Geobotany. Ed. by H einz E llenerg , K arl E sser , H ermann M erxmuller , E berhard S chnepf and H ubert Z eigler .
Progress in Botany – Morphology, Physiology, Genetics, Taxonomy, Geobotany. Ed. by H. E llenberg , K. E sser , H. M erxmüller , E. S chnepf and H. Z iegler .
Plant Root Systems. By R. S cott R ussell .
Whales, Dolphins and Porpoises. Edited by K enneth S. N orris .     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
Annual Review of Plant Physiology , Vol. 22 Ed. by L. M achlis .
Microbes and Biological Productivity. (Society for General Microbiology Symposium 21). Ed. by D. E. H ughes and A. H. R ose .
Crop Production: Cereals and Legumes. By B. F. B land .
Potential Crop Production. Ed. by P. F. W areing and J. P. C ooper .
Pollen: Development and Physiology. Ed. by J. H eslop -H arrison .
Chromosomal Evolution in Higher Plants. By G. L. S tebbins .
Integrated Experimental Ecology: Methods and Results of Ecosystem Research in the German Soiling Project. Ed. by H. E llenberg .
Evolutionary Ecology. By H erbert P. R iley .     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
The Moss Flora of Britain and Ireland. By A. J. E. S mith .
Atlas of Ferm of the British Isles. Ed. by A. C. J ermy , H. R. A rnold , L ynne F arrell and F. H. P erring .
Barley. By D. E. B riggs .
The Potato Crop: the Scientific Basis for Improvement. Ed. by P. M. H arris .
Plant Anatomy. Part I. Cells and Tissues. 2nd Edition. By E lizabeth G. C utter . Edward Arnold:
Isolation of Plant Growth Substances. Ed. by J. R. H illman .
The Selenastrum capricornutum Printz Algal Assay Bottle Test: Experimental Design, Application, and Data Interpretation Protocol. By W illiam E. M iller , J oseph C G reene and T amotsu S hiroyama .
Algen: Einführung in die Phykologie. By C hristiaan van D en H oek     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article:
Phloem Transport in Plants. By A. S. C rafts and C. H. C risp .
Introduction to the Fine Structure of Plant Cells. By M yron C. L edbetter and K eith R. P orter .
Symposia of the Society for Experimental Biology No. 25. Control Mechanisms of Growth and Differentiation. Ed. by D. D. D avies and M. B alls .
Plant Lipid Biochemistry. By C. H itchcock and B. W. N ichols .
Cell Respiration. By W. O. J ames .
Prediction and Measurement of Photosynthetic Productivity.
Fortschritte der Botanik , Vol. 32. Ed. by H. E llenberg , K. E sser , H. M erxmüller , P. S itte and H. Z iegler .
Stoffwechselphysiologie der Pflanzen. By G. R ichter .
Pflanzenphysiologie. By D. H ess .
Moleculare Grundlagen der Entwicklung. By H. M ohr and P. S itte .
The Diversity of Green Plants. By P eter B ell and C hristopher W oodcock .
Anatomy of the Monocotyledons. Ed. by C. R. M etcalfe . Vol. V. Cyperaceae. By C. R. M etcalfe .
Soil Micro-organisms. By T. R. G. G ray and S. T. W illiams .
Des Ovules aux Graines. By M. F avre -D uchartre .
Ecology of Leaf Surface Micro-organisms. Ed. by T. F. P reece and C. H. D ickinson .
Fungal Genetics. By J. R. S. F incham and P. R. D ay .
Étude du Mode de Reproduction: Apomixie Facultative du Point de Vue de la Génétique des Populations. (Study of Facultative Apomixis from the View-point of Population Genetics). By J. P erèns .
Drawings of British Plants ; Part XXVIII: Hydrocharitaceae, Orchidaceae. By S tella R oss -C raig .
Plants of Hong Kong. By S. L. T hrower .
An Atlas of Plant Structure , Vol. 1. By B rian B racegirdle and P atricia H. M iles .
Bioiléctricité, Quelques Problèmes. By S. M eylan .
Studying the Past by Pollen Analysis. By R. G. W est .
The Mysterious Origin of Flowering Plants. By K enneth R. S porne .     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
The Peroxisome: a Vital Organdie. By C. M asters and D. C rane
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation. Ed. by P. H. G raham , M. J. S adowsky and C. P. V ance
Structure and Function of Roots. Ed. by F. B aluška , M. Č amprová , O. G ašparí -K ová and P. W. B arlow
Nuclear Techniques in Soil-Plant Studies for Sustainable Agriculture and Environmental Preservation.
Biological Control: Benefits and Risks. Ed. by H. M.T. H okkanen and J. M. L ynch
Long-term Experiments in Agricultural and Ecological Sciences. Ed. by R. A. L eigh and A. E. J ohnston     

REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article
Growth Regulators in Plant Science, Monograph 8. Ed. by M. B. J ackson , B. G rout and I. A. M ackenzie .
An Introduction to Plant Taxonomy. By C. J effrey .
Pest and Diseases of Tropical Crops , Vol. 1. By D. S. H ill and J. M. W aller .
Flora of Turkey , Vol. 7 ( Orobanchaceae to Ceratophyllaceae and Ruhiaceae ). Ed. by P. H. D avis , assisted by J. R. E dmondson , R. R. M ill and K. T an .
Plant Growth Curves. The Functional Approach to Plant Growth Analysis. By R oderick H unt .
Bryophyte Ecology. Ed. by A. J. E. S mith . Bryophyte Ecology. Ed. by A. J. E. S mith . Bryophyte Ecology. Ed. by A. J. E. S mith . Bryophyte Ecology. Ed. by A. J. E. S mith .
Forest Succession: concepts and application. Ed. by D. C. W est , M. H. S hugart and D. B otkin .     

REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article:
The Control of Growth and Differentiation in Plants. By P. F. W areing and I. D. J. P hillips .
The Cuticles of Plants. By J. T. M artin and B. E. J uniper .
Vegetationszonen und Klima. By H einrich W alter .
Tertiäre Floren von Mähren. By E. K nobloch .
Drawings of British Plants. Part XXVII. Ulmaceae to Pinaceae. By S tella R oss C raig .
Seaweeds and their Uses. By V. J. C hapman .
Control of Organelle Development. Ed. by P. L. M iller .
Cell Biology. By J. W. K imball .
Phytochemical Phylogeny. Ed. by J. B. H arborne .
the study of botany. By P reston A dams , J effrey J. W. B aker and G arland E. A llen .
Little Botany, Big Botany. By D. H. J ennings .     

REVIEWS

Atlas of Mapped Distributions of Dominance and Modern Pollen Percentages for Important Tree Taxa of Eastern North America . By P. A. D elcourt , H. R. D elcourt and T. W ebb III.
New Manual of Bryology. Volume 1. Edited by R. M. S chuster .
The Ecology and Physiology of the Fungal Mycelium. Edited by D. H. J ennings and A. D. M. R ayner .
Isotopes and Radiation in Agricultural Sciences. Edited by M. E. L'A nnunziata and J. O. L egg .
The Physiology of Flowering Plants : their growth and development . Third edition. By H. E. S treet and H. Ö pik .
Reconstructing Quaternary Environments. By J. J. L owe and M. J. C. W alker .
European Mires. Edited by P. M oore .
Compartments in Algal Cells and Their Interaction. (Proceedings in Life Sciences Series.) Edited by W. W iessner , D. G. R obinson and R. C. S tarr .
Chloroplast Metabolism. By B arry H alliwell .
Flooding and Plant Growth. Ed. by T. T. K ozlowski .
Mode of Action of Antifungal Agents. Ed. by A. P. J. T rinci and J. F. R yley .
Disease Resistance in Plants. By J. E. V anderplank .     

Reviews

Books Reviewed in this Article:
The Molecular and Hormonal Basis of Plant-Growth Regulation. By Y a 'A cov L eshem
Plant Tissue and Cell Culture. Ed. by H. E. S treet .
Evolution in the Microbial World. Ed. by M. J. C arlile and J. J. S kehel .
Selected Papers in Phycology. Ed. by J. R. R osowski and B. C. P arker .
The Biology of the Algae. By F. E. R ound .
Biology of Plant Utter Decomposition. 2 volumes. Ed. by C. H. D ickinson and G. J. F. P ugh .
Palms of Malaya. By T. C. W hitmore .
Tree Flora of Malaya. A Manual for Foresters. Malayan Forest Records No. 26. vol. 1 Ed. T. C. W hitmore .
Thrips: their Biology, Ecology and Economic Importance. By T revor L ewis .
Australian Journal of Plant Physiology.
Acta Botanica Indica. Vol. 1, Nos. 1 and 2: 1973. Chief Editor V. S ingh .