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概述了中国玉米新品种DNA指纹库构建研究中的五个主要问题,即选用哪些品种材料、选用什么标记方法、SSR标记存在哪些问题、选用哪些SSR引物及如何提高建库效率等,并提出了相应的解决方案,对其应用前景及主要应用领域进行了探讨。 相似文献
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花生微卫星标记的研究进展 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
近年来花生微卫星标记的开发取得了一定的进展,初步揭示了花生在DNA水平上的遗传多样性。花生微卫星标记的开发途径主要包括通过构建小片段基因组文库开发基因组SSR标记,根据花生EST序列开发EST-SSR标记,根据豆科植物序列信息和SSR标记开发花生SSR标记,将SSR标记与其它分子标记结合开发新的DNA标记,以及基于SSR核心序列开发ISSR标记。花生微卫星标记主要应用于遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱与品种指纹图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等领域。本文综述了花生SSR标记开发研究的进展及应用。 相似文献
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近年来花生微卫星标记的开发取得了一定的进展, 初步揭示了花生在DNA水平上的遗传多样性。花生微卫星标记的开发途径主要包括通过构建小片段基因组文库开发基因组SSR标记, 根据花生EST序列开发EST-SSR标记, 根据豆科植物序
列信息和SSR标记开发花生SSR标记, 将SSR标记与其它分子标记结合开发新的DNA标记, 以及基于SSR核心序列开发ISSR标记。花生微卫星标记主要应用于遗传多样性研究、遗传图谱与品种指纹图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等领域。本文综述了花生SSR标记开发研究的进展及应用。 相似文献
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油菜简单重复序列SSR(simple sequence repeat)研究进展 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
简单重复序列(simple sequence repeat,SSR)是重复单元少于6个核苷酸重复序列,广泛分布于动植物基因组中,呈孟德尔遗传,已被作为一种理想的共显性标记应用于动植物遗传研究中。本文重点介绍了SSR分类、特点,及近几年来油菜SSR标记的开发和SSR技术在油菜基因定位、品种鉴定中的应用,并对SSR标记在油菜中的应用进行了探讨。 相似文献
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基于PCR的SSR标记分离方法综述 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
SSR分子标记是目前应用最广泛的第二代共显性分子遗传标记。SSR标记具有物种特异性,要应用该方法需要提前开发相应物种的特异SSR标记,而获得微卫星标记的经典方法是通过构建基因组片段文库和特殊标记SSR探针杂交法获取,这些方法经济成本相对较高且耗时耗力。近年来,该领域的研究中积累了很多研究成果和技术改进,发展起来几种基于PCR简便易操作且节约成本的SSR标记分离方法,例如基于RAPD的微卫星分离方法、基于ISSR抑制PCR扩增法、序列标签微卫星分析法、选择性扩增微卫星分析法以及荧光ISSR-PCR分离微卫星和微卫星扩增文库法等。本文主要对这些方法逐一进行综述,旨在为各个物种SSR标记的开发提供参考。 相似文献
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农户保存与种质库保存的同近名地方稻品种的遗传多样性研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对湖南农户自留种原地保存(简称农户保存)与异地低温保存在湖南种质库(简称种质库保存)的92份同近名水稻材料(7组,同近名材料6组)间的表现型及基因型进行分析,鉴定同近名品种间遗传距离,为之后有效保存、针对性供种、高效利用提供理论依据。结果表明,供试同近名材料间,及农户保存与种质库保存的同近名材料间在表现型性状上都有极显著差异。通过SSR标记基因型比较农户保存与种质库保存湖南同近名材料,发现除E组外,其他组都是农户保存的等位基因变异数小于种质库保存的等位基因变异数,说明农户保存的材料在年复一年的种植、收种过程中经历了自然选择和人工选择留种,进行了加代纯化。除C、E组外,在同近名组内SSR标记遗传相似系数显示,农户保存的材料间种质库保存的材料间农户保存材料与种质库保存材料,表明农户自留种保存的同近名水稻资源值得收集评价。 相似文献
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SSR与SRAP标记在玉米品种鉴定中的比较研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
利用SSR标记和SRAP标记对19个玉米品种及8份莱农15样品进行了分析,比较了2种标记的分辨能力及在亲缘关系和杂交种纯度鉴定中的表现.与SSR标记相比,SRAP标记用于玉米品种鉴定扩增住点数量更多,PIC值更高,具有更高的分辨率;在亲缘关系分析方面,SSR检测的遗传距离变幅更大,2种标记计算的遗传距离呈极显著正相关,分类结果基本一致;在杂交种纯度检测中,SRAP标记的期望位点在杂交种群体中检测率高于SSR标记相应位点,检测杂交种纯度结果更接近田问种植鉴定,因而准确度更高.SRAP在玉米品种鉴定中具有一定的优势,可作为SSR标记技术的有益补充,特别是在杂交种纯度鉴定中应用. 相似文献
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Development and mapping of SSR markers for maize 总被引:45,自引:0,他引:45
Sharopova N McMullen MD Schultz L Schroeder S Sanchez-Villeda H Gardiner J Bergstrom D Houchins K Melia-Hancock S Musket T Duru N Polacco M Edwards K Ruff T Register JC Brouwer C Thompson R Velasco R Chin E Lee M Woodman-Clikeman W Long MJ Liscum E Cone K Davis G Coe EH 《Plant molecular biology》2002,48(5-6):463-481
Microsatellite or simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have wide applicability for genetic analysis in crop plant improvement strategies. The objectives of this project were to isolate, characterize, and map a comprehensive set of SSR markers for maize (Zea mays L.). We developed 1051 novel SSR markers for maize from microsatellite-enriched libraries and by identification of microsatellite-containing sequences in public and private databases. Three mapping populations were used to derive map positions for 978 of these markers. The main mapping population was the intermated B73 × Mo17 (IBM) population. In mapping this intermated recombinant inbred line population, we have contributed to development of a new high-resolution map resource for maize. The primer sequences, original sequence sources, data on polymorphisms across 11 inbred lines, and map positions have been integrated with information on other public SSR markers and released through MaizeDB at URL:www.agron.missouri.edu. The maize research community now has the most detailed and comprehensive SSR marker set of any plant species. 相似文献
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Use of SSRs for establishing heterotic groups in subtropical maize 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Reif JC Melchinger AE Xia XC Warburton ML Hoisington DA Vasal SK Beck D Bohn M Frisch M 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(5):947-957
Heterotic groups and patterns are of fundamental importance in hybrid breeding. The objectives of our research were to: (1) investigate the relationship of simple sequence repeats (SSR) based genetic distances between populations and panmictic midparent heterosis (PMPH) in a broad range of CIMMYT maize germplasm, (2) evaluate the usefulness of SSR markers for defining heterotic groups and patterns in subtropical germplasm, and (3) examine applications of SSR markers for broadening heterotic groups by systematic introgression of other germplasm. Published data of two diallels and one factorial evaluated for grain yield were re-analyzed to calculate the PMPH in population hybrids. Additionally, 20 pools and populations widely used in CIMMYT's breeding program were assayed with 83 SSR markers covering the entire maize genome. Correlations of squared modified Roger's distance (MRD2) and PMPH were mostly positive and significant, but adaption problems caused deviations in some cases. For intermediate- and early-maturity subtropical germplasm, two heterotic groups could be suggested consisting of a flint and dent composite. We concluded that the relationships between the populations obtained by SSR analyses are in excellent agreement with pedigree information. SSR markers are a valuable complementation to field trials for identifying heterotic groups and can be used to introgress exotic germplasm systematically.Communicated by F. Salamini 相似文献
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Polymorphism of PCR-based markers targeting exons, introns, promoter regions, and SSRs in maize and introns and repeat sequences in oat. 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Sequence databases could be efficiently exploited for development of DNA markers if it were known which gene regions reveal the most polymorphism when amplified by PCR. We developed PCR primer pairs that target specific regions of previously sequenced genes from Avena and Zea species. Primers were targeted to amplify 40 introns, 24 exons, and 23 promoter regions within 54 maize genes. We surveyed 48 maize inbred lines (previously assayed for simple-sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism) for amplification-product polymorphism. We also developed primers to target 14 SSRs and 12 introns within 18 Avena genes, and surveyed 22 hexaploid oat cultivars and 2 diploid Avena species for amplification-product polymorphism. In maize, 67% of promoter markers, 58% of intron markers, and 13% of exon markers exhibited amplification-product polymorphisms. Among polymorphic primer pairs in maize, genotype diversity was highest for SSR markers (0.60) followed by intron markers (0.46), exon markers (0.42), and promoter markers (0.28). Among all Avena genotypes, 64% of SSR markers and 58% of intron markers revealed polymorphisms, but among the cultivars only, 21% of SSR markers and 50% of intron markers were polymorphic. Polymorphic-sequence-tagged sites for plant-breeding applications can be created easily by targeting noncoding gene regions. 相似文献
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M. Humberto Reyes-Valdés Amalio Santacruz-Varela Octavio Martínez June Simpson Corina Hayano-Kanashiro Celso Cortés-Romero 《PloS one》2013,8(11)
The strategy of bulk DNA sampling has been a valuable method for studying large numbers of individuals through genetic markers. The application of this strategy for discrimination among germplasm sources was analyzed through information theory, considering the case of polymorphic alleles scored binarily for their presence or absence in DNA pools. We defined the informativeness of a set of marker loci in bulks as the mutual information between genotype and population identity, composed by two terms: diversity and noise. The first term is the entropy of bulk genotypes, whereas the noise term is measured through the conditional entropy of bulk genotypes given germplasm sources. Thus, optimizing marker information implies increasing diversity and reducing noise. Simple formulas were devised to estimate marker information per allele from a set of estimated allele frequencies across populations. As an example, they allowed optimization of bulk size for SSR genotyping in maize, from allele frequencies estimated in a sample of 56 maize populations. It was found that a sample of 30 plants from a random mating population is adequate for maize germplasm SSR characterization. We analyzed the use of divided bulks to overcome the allele dilution problem in DNA pools, and concluded that samples of 30 plants divided into three bulks of 10 plants are efficient to characterize maize germplasm sources through SSR with a good control of the dilution problem. We estimated the informativeness of 30 SSR loci from the estimated allele frequencies in maize populations, and found a wide variation of marker informativeness, which positively correlated with the number of alleles per locus. 相似文献
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We assessed genetic and phenotypic variation in 105 maize germplasm accessions from RDA-Genebank of Korea and performed association analyses for 11 agronomical traits and 100 simple sequence repeats (SSR). Genetic diversity (GD) analysis revealed a total of 1104 alleles at the 100 SSR loci. The average number of alleles per locus was 11.0. The average GD and polymorphic information content values were 0.73 and 0.70, respectively. The average major allele frequency was 0.41. Population structure analysis indicated that these maize accessions comprised two major groups and one admixed group based on a membership probability threshold of 0.80. The two major groups contained 35 and 46 maize accessions. A mixed linear model of association analysis revealed five marker-trait associations with a significance level of P?≤?0.01 involving five SSR markers. A general linear model showed 72 marker-trait associations involving 42 SSR markers. We confirmed the presence in the general linear model associations of the five significant marker-trait associations (SMTAs) identified in the mixed linear model. For these SMTAs, two loci were associated with stem diameter and one locus each was associated with ear row number, leaf width, and leaf length. These results should prove useful for breeding new inbred lines by selecting parental lines using molecular markers and will help to preserve maize genetic resources in Korea. 相似文献
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Development and Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat Markers Providing Genome-Wide Coverage and High Resolution in Maize 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jie Xu Ling Liu Yunbi Xu Churun Chen Tingzhao Rong Farhan Ali Shufeng Zhou Fengkai Wu Yaxi Liu Jing Wang Moju Cao Yanli Lu 《DNA research》2013,20(5):497-509
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs) have been widely used in maize genetics and breeding, because they are co-dominant, easy to score, and highly abundant. In this study, we used whole-genome sequences from 16 maize inbreds and 1 wild relative to determine SSR abundance and to develop a set of high-density polymorphic SSR markers. A total of 264 658 SSRs were identified across the 17 genomes, with an average of 135 693 SSRs per genome. Marker density was one SSR every of 15.48 kb. (C/G)n, (AT)n, (CAG/CTG)n, and (AAAT/ATTT)n were the most frequent motifs for mono, di-, tri-, and tetra-nucleotide SSRs, respectively. SSRs were most abundant in intergenic region and least frequent in untranslated regions, as revealed by comparing SSR distributions of three representative resequenced genomes. Comparing SSR sequences and e-polymerase chain reaction analysis among the 17 tested genomes created a new database, including 111 887 SSRs, that could be develop as polymorphic markers in silico. Among these markers, 58.00, 26.09, 7.20, 3.00, 3.93, and 1.78% of them had mono, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, and hexa-nucleotide motifs, respectively. Polymorphic information content for 35 573 polymorphic SSRs out of 111 887 loci varied from 0.05 to 0.83, with an average of 0.31 in the 17 tested genomes. Experimental validation of polymorphic SSR markers showed that over 70% of the primer pairs could generate the target bands with length polymorphism, and these markers would be very powerful when they are used for genetic populations derived from various types of maize germplasms that were sampled for this study. 相似文献
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利用分子标记分析遗传多样性时的玉米群体取样策略研究 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
利用分子标记技术对玉米种质资源进行遗传多样性分析对种质资源的保存和利用具有重要的指导意义。但是,在对地方品种和育种群体这些开放授粉群体进行大规模遗传多样性分析时,取样方法将会严重影响到研究结果和工作效率。本研究用2个育种群体和3个地方品种为试材,利用微卫星(SSR)标记对每个群体100个个体及其组成的不同随机混合样品进行了分子检测。结果表明,不同群体的群体内遗传变异大小存在差异;相同数目的个体随机混合的不同样品间的检测结果基本相同;不同数目的个体混合的样品间存在一定程度的差异,并且与材料本身的遗传变异大小有一定关系。考虑到结果的科学性和工作的可行性,建议在利用分子标记(如SSR)进行地方品种和育种群体的遗传多样性评估时,随机选取30个个体组成混合样(或用15个个体组成2个混合样)来代表1个地方品种或育种群体进行分子鉴定。 相似文献