具不同淋巴道转移潜能小鼠肝癌瘤株细胞膜鞘糖脂比较研究

采用高效薄层层析（ＨＰＴＬＣ）对两株具有不同淋巴道转移潜能的小鼠腹水型肝癌瘤株细胞膜鞘糖脂组分进行了比较分析。低转移的ＣＬ－Ａ２瘤株神经节苷脂以ＧＭ３为主,高转移的ＣＬ－１６Ａ３瘤株则以ＧＭ２为主。两细胞株中性鞘糖脂各组分相对百分含量无较显著差异。脂结合唾液酸含量测定表明,ＣＬ－１６Ａ３瘤株脂结合唾液酸含量约为ＣＬ－Ａ２瘤株的三倍。提示,具有不同淋巴道转移潜能的瘤细胞,其质膜鞘糖脂的组成也不同。     

神经节苷脂GM_3对肌质网Ca~（2＋）－ATP酶活力的调节

研究了神经节苷脂ＧＭ_３参入肌质网膜后Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰ酶活力的变化,结果表明：ＧＭ_３参入肌质网膜后,对肌质网Ｃａ~（２＋）ＡＴＰ酶活性（ＡＴＰ水解活力与转运活力）有明显的激活作用．当参入的ＧＭ_３浓度为８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、参入时间为１２０ｍｉｎ、温度为３０℃时,对Ｃａ~（２＋）－ＡＴＰ酶的激活作用最大．     

人GM—CSF cDNA的克隆和在大肠杆菌中的表达

从诱导的人胚肺细胞ＨＦＬ株中提取总ＲＮＡ．经ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ反应获取了人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦｃＤＮＡ,ＤＮＡ序列测定表明其顺序与文献报道完全一致。为了获得高效表达,应用ＰＣＲ改造了人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ的ｃＤＮＡ５’端核苷酸序列,并将改造的人ＧＭ－ＣＳＦ基因插入含Ｔ７启动子的质粒ｐＥＴ－１１ｄ构建成表达质粒ｐＥＴＣ－５,将此质粒转化大肠杆菌株ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）得到表达菌株ＢＬＥＣ４。表达菌株用０．５ｍｏｌ／ＬＩＰＴＧ诱导２小时后,产生大量重组蛋白并形成包涵体。ＳＤＳ—ＰＡＧＥ电泳图谱扫描结果表明,ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ产量占菌体总蛋白量的１６％。ＥＬＩＳＡ和ＴＦ－１细胞培养测定表明,初步纯化和复性的ｒｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ具有天然的ｈＧＭ－ＣＳＦ生物活性。     

神经革苷脂GM3对肌质网Ca^2＋—ATP酶活力的调节

研究了神经节苷脂ＧＭ３参入肌质网膜后Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活力的变化。结果表明：ＧＭ３参入肌质网膜后,对肌质网Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性（ＡＴＰ水解活力与转运活力）有明显的激活作用。当参入的ＧＭ３浓度为８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ、参入时间为１２０ｍｉｎ、温度为３０℃时,对Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶的激活作用最大。     

锂对小鼠高增殖潜能集落形成细胞和粒巨噬系祖细胞体外增殖…

本文观察了锂对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨髓高增殖潜能集落形成细胞和粒巨噬系祖细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ体外增殖的影响。ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ集落由ＩＬ－１,ＩＬ－６,ＷＥＨＩ３条件培养液及Ｌ９２９条件培养液所支持,而ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ由ＷＥＨＩ３－ＣＭ所支持。结果显示,ＬｉＣｌ浓度在０．４－２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时呈现剂量依赖性抑制ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ增殖;而在０．４－１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度范围内,则对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的增殖起剂量依赖性促进作用。     

锂对小鼠高增殖潜能集落形成细胞和粒巨噬系祖细胞体外增殖的影响

本文观察了锂对ＢＡＬＢ／Ｃ小鼠骨髓高增殖潜能集落形成细胞（ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ）和粒巨噬系祖细胞ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ体外增殖的影响。ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ集落由ＩＬ－１、ＩＬ－６、ＷＥＨＩ３条件培养液（ＷＥＨＩ３－ＣＭ,含有ＩＬ－３）及Ｌ９２９条件培养液（Ｌ９２９－ＣＭ,含有Ｍ－ＣＳＦ）所支持,而ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ由ＷＥＨＩ３－ＣＭ所支持。结果显示,ＬｉＣｌ浓度在０．４－２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ时呈现剂量依赖性抑制ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ增殖;而在０．４－１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的浓度范围内,则对ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的增殖起剂量依赖性促进作用。这些结果提示ＬｉＣｌ对ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ和ＣＦＵ－ＧＭ的作用不同,可能锂有诱导ＨＰＰ－ＣＦＣ向成熟细胞分化的作用     

GM3对重建Gs与AC偶联功能的影响

将神经节苷脂ＧＭ３（Ｍｏｎｏｓｉａｌｏｇａｎｇｌｉｏｓｉｄｅ－ＧＭ３）通过保温法掺入到含激活型Ｇ蛋白（ＳｔｉｍｕｌａｔｏｒｙＧＴＰ－ｂｉｎｄｉｎｇｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,Ｇｓ）与腺苷酸环化酶（ＡｄｅｎｙｌｙｌＣｙｃｌａｓｅ,ＡＣ）的脂酶体中,研究了ＧＭ３对Ｇｓ和ＡＣ偶联功能的影响。实验结果表明,在４－１０μｍｏｌ／Ｌ浓度范围的ＧＭ３增加ＡＣ的基础活力;在高于４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ时,ＧＭ３可显著抑制Ｇｓ激活ＡＣ的能力;而在ＧＭ３浓度高于１００μｍｏｌ／Ｌ的条件下,Ｇｓ结合ＧＴＰγＳ（Ｇｕａｎｏｓｉｎｅ５＇－Ｏ－（３－ｔｈｉｏｔｒｉｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅ））的活力受到明显抑制。随外源ＧＭ３浓度的增加,ＧＭ３对Ｇｓ激活ＡＣ的能力与对ＡＣ基础活力的影响似乎并不完全一致。这些结果提示,Ｇｓ与ＡＣ的解偶联对较低浓度的ＧＭ３的影响更加敏感。用荧光探剂ＭＣ５４０标记脂酶体,测量其荧光光谱的结果显示,随着ＧＭ３浓度增加,ＭＣ５４０的荧光强度增强,这说明外源性的ＧＭ３的掺入使膜脂质分子头部的堆积变得更加疏松。这可能提示,ＧＭ３介导的膜脂物理状态的变化是调节Ｇｓ与ＡＣ偶联功能的重要因素之一。     

神经节苷脂GM_3对人白血病J6－2细胞磷脂酰胆碱代谢的影响

神经节苷脂ＧＭ３诱导人单核样白血病Ｊ６－２细胞沿单核／巨噬细胞途径分化．在ＧＭ３诱导分化同时,Ｊ６－２细胞磷脂代谢发生了显著变化．采用（（３２）Ｐ）Ｐｉ、［ＧＨ３－３Ｈ］胆碱和［ＣＨ３－３Ｈ］ＳＡＭ参入实验对ＧＭ３影响Ｊ６－２细胞ＰＣ代谢的机制进行了初步的探讨．ＧＭ３促进［（３２）Ｐ］Ｐｉ参入Ｊ６－２细胞ＰＣ;抑制［ＣＨ３－３Ｈ］胆碱参入ＰＣ及ＰＣ合成的前体磷酸胆碱及ＣＤＰ－胆碱;ＧＭ３促进［ＣＨ３－３Ｈ］ＳＡＭ参入ＰＣ,但抑制［ＣＨ３－３Ｈ］ＳＡＭ参入ＰＣ合成的前体胆碱、磷酸胆碱和ＣＤＰ－胆碱．上述结果提示,ＧＭ３抑制Ｊ６－２细胞ＰＣ合成的ＣＤＰ－胆碱途径,促进ＰＣ合成的ＰＥ甲基化途径．     

神经节苷脂对细胞信号传递的影响

神经节苷脂对细胞信号传递的影响唐向东,佟振清,杨文俊（第一军医大学生理教研室,广州５１０５１５）关键词神经节苷脂,信号传递神经节苷脂是由唾液酸和己糖苷组成的一组鞘糖脂类,主要包括含单唾液酸的ＧＭ（ＧＭ１ａ,ＧＭ１ｂ,ＧＭ２,ＧＭ３）、含二唾液酸的ＧＤ...     

外源性神经节苷脂对人－肝癌培养细胞内钙的作用及其方式

本工作采用荧光探针Ｆｕｒａ－２ＡＭ观察了外源性神经节苷脂ＧＭ３和ＧＤ３对ＳＭＭＣ－７７２１人肝癌培养细胞钙的影响,证明ＧＭ３和ＧＤ３均能升高细胞内钙浓度（［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ）,但程度上有极大差异。１０ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬＧＭ３或１．０ｎｍｏｌ／ｍＬＧＤ３可使［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ上升高是明显,与对照相比［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ分别增加２１５～２５０％和４２％。进一步用Ｖｅｒａｐａｍｉｌ阻断钙通道和内质网钙释放、去除细胞外Ｎａ＋以抑制Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换以及去除细胞外Ｃａ２＋在无外钙内流等系统观察了ＧＭ３和ＧＤ３的作用方式,结果提示ＧＭ３升高［Ｃａ２＋］ｉ的机制是一个同时增加内质网钙释放、激活钙通道并伴有质膜Ｃａ２＋－ＡＴＰ酶激活的综合结果;而ＧＤ３则主要抑制Ｎａ＋－Ｃａ２＋交换系统。     

妊娠期家兔子宫内膜的鞘糖脂表达

 妊娠期家兎子宫内膜的神经节苷脂(Gls)的含量明显低于动情期的,而中性鞘糖脂(NGSL)的含量则以妊娠中、晚期的最高,动情期最低。鞘糖脂组成变化最显著的是妊娠早期,由动情期到早孕GM_3从28.0％增加到52.7％,CMH.CDH由未测出分别增加到29.2％和21.9％,而糖链复杂的组分GD_3,GTlb和CPH的百分含量则明显减少,到妊娠中、晚期、短糖链组分逐渐减少,而复杂糖链组分渐增。中期妊娠内膜的(GIs)以GD_3为主要组分,占45％,明显高于其它各期。NGSL在妊娠中、晚期CPH增高达70％,与动情期水平相当。结果提示,妊娠期间子宫内膜的鞘糖脂含量与组成均发生明显变化,这些变化可能与子宫功能密切相关。特别是早孕对的变化,推测与子宫内膜和胚泡的识别,粘连特性的获得有关。     

雌、孕激素对去卵巢家兔子宫内膜鞘糖脂表达的影响

用雌、孕激素处理去卵巢家兔后观察子宫内膜鞘糖脂的含量和组成。结果表明、雌激素处理后、子宫内膜Gls含量是孕激素处理的十余倍,而孕激素增加NGSL含量的作用却比雌激素更强。两种激素对鞘糖脂组分的影响也明显不同。雌激素给药组子宫内膜鞘糖脂以多糖基组分GD_3 GT_(1b) CPH为主,孕激素组则以短糖链组分GM_3 CMH CDH为主。雌激素预先作用后再用孕激素或雌、孕激素同时给药,与单用雌激素后比较其短糖链组分明显增加,多糖基组分则明显减少,表现出两者的共同作用。上述结果提示:雌、孕激素对鞘糖脂代谢影响明显不同,雌激素使糖链复杂化、孕激素则使糖链趋向于简单。     

Ganglioside GM3 inhibits hepatoma cell motility via down‐regulating activity of EGFR and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway

Two related sublines derived from murine ascites hepatoma cell lines Hca‐F25, which were selected for their markedly different metastatic potential to lymph nodes, were found to be distinct in their ganglioside patterns. The low metastatic cell line (HcaP) contained a major ganglioside GM3, whereas the high metastatic cell line (HcaF) contained a major ganglioside GM2. Suppression of GM3 by P4 enhanced the mobility and migration of the low metastatic HcaP cells in vitro. Increase in GM3 content in high metastatic HcaF cells by addition of exogenous GM3 inhibited the mobility and migration. These results suggested that the differences in lymphatic metastasis potential between these two cell lines could be attributed to the differences in their ganglioside compositions, and GM3 could suppress the motility and migration of these cells. Further, we investigated the mechanism by which GM3 suppressed the cell mobility and migration. The results showed that suppression of GM3 synthesis by P4 in low metastatic HcaP cells promoted PKB/Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308, and phosphorylation of EGFR at the Tyr1173. In contrast, increase in GM3 content in high metastatic HcaF cells by addition of exogenous GM3 into the culture medium suppressed phosphorylation of PKB/Akt and EGFR at the same residues. Taken together, these results suggested that the mechanism of GM3‐suppressed cell motility and migration may involve the inhibition of phosphorylation of EGFR and the activity of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 114: 1616–1624, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

美味猕猴桃子叶愈伤组织的原生质体培养和再生植株

从B_5和NN-69培养基(含1mg/L 2,4-D)上分别选出美味猕猴桃子叶愈伤组织系A_(11)B_2和A_(16)N_1。在B_5原生质体培养基中,A_(11)B_2的原生质体再生细胞形成小细胞团;在NN-69原生质体培养基中,A_(16)N_1的原生质体再生细胞能持续分裂形成愈伤组织。经过分步诱导再生,获得A_(16)N_1原生质体再生植株。     

Induction of 103-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase by acidic culture conditions in mouse metastatic melanoma cell lines.

Gelatinases/type IV collagenases have been shown to be involved in tumor invasion and metastasis. In this study, we examined the effect of culture medium pH on the secretion of the gelatinases from mouse B16 melanoma cell lines and human tumor cell lines using zymography analysis. The highly metastatic clone F10 of B16 melanoma did not secrete any gelatinase in neutral culture media (pH 7.1-7.3), whereas it secreted a high level of a 103-kDa gelatinase in an initial pH range of 5.4-6.1. The addition of an excess amount of glucose into a neutral culture medium also induced the gelatinase secretion from the cells by decreasing the medium pH during incubation. The extent of the acid-induced gelatinase secretion by the B16 melanoma cell lines was in the order of BL6 greater than F10 greater than F1 much greater than the parent B16 line, in good agreement with the order of their metastatic potentials. Two human cell lines (A549 and HT1080) secreted a higher level of a 90-kDa gelatinase at pH 6.8 compared with pH 7.3. The acid-induced gelatinase secretion from B16-F10 cells was blocked by cycloheximide, indicating that the enzyme induction was due to de novo synthesis. When in vitro tumor cell invasion was assayed in Boyden chambers, B16-F10 cells incubated in an acidic medium exerted a more active migration through type IV collagen gel than those in a neutral medium. These results suggest that the acidic environment formed around tumor tissues may be an important factor in invasion and metastasis of some types of tumors.     

Selection of malignant melanoma variant cell lines for ovary colonization

Murine melanoma line B16-F1, which shows some specificity for metastatic organ colonization of lung but rarely metastasizes to ovary, was used to select variant cell lines with increased preference for experimental ovary metastasis. Ovary-colonizing melanoma cell lines were sequentially selected in syngeneic C57BL/6 mice by repeated intravenous administration and surgical recovery of ovarian melanoma tumors for tissue culture. After ten selections for experimental ovary metastasis, line B16-010 was established which formed experimental metastatic ovary tumors in almost every test animal. In tissue culture B16–010 cells grew in circular in circular colonies with rounded, smooth cell peripheries compared to B16-F1 cells which were flatter, grew in irregular patterns, and exhibited long cellular projections. Ovary-selected B16 lines contained less melainin pigment (B16-010 < B16-05 < B16-01 ? B16-F1) compared to the parental melanoma line. Together with previous cloning and selection data, these results are consistent with the preexistence of highly malignant cells in the parental tumor population that possess the ability to metastasize to specific organs.     

Study of the backcross progeny of barley-wheat hybrids by the RAPD and RAMPO methods

The genomes of alloplasmic wheat lines were analyzed by PCR-based methods: random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and random amplified microsatellite polymorphism (RAMPO). Lines L-16(1) and L-17(2) were obtained by three backcrosses and line L-79(10), by four backcrosses of the barely-wheat hybrid Hordeum vulgare (2n = 14) (variety Nepolegayuschii) x Triticum aestivum (2n = 42) (variety Saratovskaya 29) with different common wheat varieties. These lines proved to be euploid (2n = 42). The aneuploid line L-9 (2n = 43 + t) was obtained after a second backcross of the hybrid H. geniculatum All. (2n = 28) x T. aestivum (2n = 42) (Pyrotrix 28) with the variety Pyrotrix 28. The RAPD patterns of L-16(1) and L-17(1) contained fragments present only in the patterns of the parental wheat varieties and, in addition, fragments absent from the latter. This fragment from the pattern of L-16(1) was cloned. Analysis of its primary structure showed that the difference between L-16(1) and the parental wheat genotypes may be related to a mutation that had occurred during the development of the alloplasmic line at the binding site of an arbitrary primer. The genomes of plants of the lines L-79(10) and L-9 contain, in addition to the RAPD fragments of wheat, those characteristic of barley. RAMPO revealed higher polymorphism level among wheat varieties than that detected by RAPD. The hybridization patterns of the lines L-16(1), L-17(1), and L-79(10) contained fragments specific for wheat, and the patterns of L-9 contained both wheat and barley fragments.     

Variations among cell lines in the synthesis of sphingolipids in de novo and recycling pathways

There are several pathways for the incorporation of sugars into glycosphingolipids (GSL). Sugars can be added to ceramide that contains sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine) synthesized de novo (pathway 1), to ceramide synthesized from sphingoid bases produced by hydrolysis of sphingolipids (pathway 2), and into GSL recycling from the endosomal pathway through the Golgi (pathway 3). We reported previously the surprising observation that SW13 cells, a human adrenal carcinoma cell line, synthesize most of their GSL in pathway 2. We now present data on the synthesis of GSL in four additional cell lines. Approximately 90% of sugar incorporation took place in pathway 2, and 10% or less in pathway 1, in human foreskin fibroblasts and NB41A3 neuroblastoma cells. In contrast, approximately 50-90% of sugar incorporation took place in pathway 1 in C2C12 myoblasts. The C2C12 cells divide more rapidly and synthesize 10-14 times as much GSL as the other three cell lines. In C6 glioma cells, approximately 30% of sugar incorporation occurred in pathway 1 and 60% in pathway 2. There was no relation between the utilization of pathways for GSL and sphingomyelin synthesis in foreskin fibroblasts and C2C12 cells. In both cells pathways 1 and 2 each accounted for 50% of incorporation of choline into sphingomyelin. In five of the six cell lines that we have studied, most GSL synthesis takes place in pathway 2. We suggest that when the need for synthesis is relatively low, as in slowly dividing cells, GSL are synthesized predominantly from sphingoid bases salvaged from the hydrolytic pathway. When cells are dividing more rapidly, the need for increased synthesis is met by upregulating the de novo pathway.      

Inhibition of melanoma cell proliferation by resveratrol is correlated with upregulation of quinone reductase 2 and p53

Resveratrol (trans-3,4',5-trihydroxystilbene) is a grape-derived polyphenol under intensive study for its potential in cancer prevention. In the case of cultured human melanoma cells, no one to our knowledge has investigated whether resveratrol exerts similar anti-proliferative activities in cells with different metastatic potential. Therefore, we examined the effects of this polyphenol on the growth of weakly metastatic Line IV clone 3 and on autologous, highly metastatic Line IV clone 1 cultured melanoma cells. Comparable inhibition of growth and colony formation resulted from treatment by resveratrol in both cell lines. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that resveratrol-treated clone 1 cells had a dose-dependent increase in S phase and a concomitant reduction in the G(1) phase. No detectable change in cell cycle phase distribution was found in similarly treated clone 3 cells. Western blots demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of the tumor suppressor gene p53, without a commensurate change in p21 and several other cell cycle regulatory proteins in both cell types. Chromatography of Line IV clone 3 and clone 1 cell extracts on resveratrol affinity columns revealed that the basal expression of dihydronicotinamide riboside quinone reductase 2 (NQO2) was higher in Line IV clone 1 than clone 3 cells. Levels of NQO2 but not its structural analog NQO1 were dose-dependently increased by resveratrol in both cell lines. We propose that induction of NQO2 may relate to the observed increased expression of p53 that, in turn, contributes to the observed suppression of cell growth in both melanoma cell lines.