一例带有两条9号染色体次缢痕丢失的患者及其家系的细胞遗传学研究

本文报道了一例两条9号染色体次缢痕缺失的女性病例,临床表现为严重智力低下和语言障碍。经外周血淋巴细胞染色体G、C显带分析,确定其核型为46,XX,del(9)del(9)(pter→q11∷q13→qter)。又对其父母及妹妹进行了染色体分析,患者之父与两个妹妹的核型均正常,其母是46,XX,del(9)(pter→q11∷q13→qter)核型的携带者。     

一例带有t(4;13)染色体易位的4q部分三体型(4q25→4qter)男孩

本文报告一例带有t(4;13)染色体易位的4q部分三体型男孩,主诉间歇性肢体痉挛,并有多指畸形,双耳低位及上腭高尖,经外周血淋巴细胞G显带染色体分析,核型为46,XY,-13, der(13),t(4;13)(13pter→13q34∷4q25→4qter)。其母亲核型正常,父亲和伯父核型均为46,XY,t(1;4)(1pter→1q43∷4q25→4qter;4pter→4q25∷1q43→1qter),认为患儿的4q部分三体片段(4q25→4qter)得自父亲。     

4 号染色体部分重复和缺失一例

本文报道一例4号染色体部分重复和缺失的男婴。患儿发育迟缓,智力低下,体查多种畸形。其G显带核型为46,XY,rec(4),dupq,inv(4)(p16q31)。患儿父亲及祖母均为inv(4)(p16q31)的携带者,重复一缺失染色体源自患儿父亲的减数分裂重组。     

复杂染色体重排的女性携带者与她健康的女儿

一例新生复杂染色体重排的女性携带者（complex chromosome rearrangement ,CCR）,易位涉及1号、5号和12号染色体。病人因2次自然流产而要求进行外周血淋巴细胞G显带核型分析。最初G显带核型疑为46,XX,t(1;5;12)(1pter→1q25::12q24→12qter;5qter→5p11::1q25→1qter;12pter→12q24::5p11→5pter).经荧光原位杂交（FISH）技术检测,证实患者的核型为46,XX,t(1;5;12)(1pter→1q23::12q22→12qter;5qter→5p11::1q25→1qter;12pter→12q22::1q23→1q25::5p11→5pter).7年后病人再次妊娠,并拒绝产前诊断。女婴足月分娩,生长发育正常。核型为46,XX。比较以前报告的女性复杂易位携带者与我们报告的病例可以认为,CCR并不总是表现为自然流产或分娩畸形儿,仍有机会生出正常的孩子。Abstract: We reported in the paper one case of a de novo complex chromosomal rearrangement (CCR) involving three different chromosomes,1, 5 and 12. Two pregnancies of the female carrier over three years resulted in two spontaneous abortions. Initial cytogenetic analysis of her peripheral lymphocyte by G banding suspected a karyotype 46,XX,t(1;5;12)(1pter →1q25::12q24→12qter;5qter→ 5p11::1q25→1qter;12pter →12q24::5p11→5pter). Fluorescense in -situ hybridization (FISH) was used to confirm the karyotype 46,XX,t(1;5;12)(1pter→1q23::12q22→12qter;5qter→5p11::1q25→1qter;12pter→12q22::1q23→1q25::5p11→5pter). Seven years later she was pregnant again and refused to have prenatal diagnosis. The fetus is normal both in phenotype and karyotype。Comparing previously reported female CCR carriers with the case, we conclude that female CCR carriers may not always present spontaneous abortion or have offspring with congenital malformation and can have chance to get a healthy child.     

一例智力低下患者7q~ 标记染色体的来源鉴定

以人类染色体显微切割、PCR技术构建的现有人类染色体特异性和染色体区带特异性探针池作为绘画探针,采用正向染色体绘画技术,结合染色体筛查方法,查明了一例7q~ 标记染色体患者的染色体附加片段来源于3q26→3qter。确定该患者的核型为46,XX,-7, der(7)t(7;3)(7pter→7q32::3q26→3qter)。应用这个策略,能够快速有效地鉴定标记染色体的来源。     

应用端粒区带涂染探针检测染色体微小结构重排

为了评估染色体端粒区带涂染探针在遗传诊断的应用价值,应用显微切割获得的11q、12q和22q等3个染色体端粒区涂染探针（11q23.3→qter,12q24.1→qter,22q13.1→qter）,通过荧光原位杂交技术分析两个疑有染色体末端微小易位的习惯性流产病例。结果显示,病例1和病例2分别为t(11;12)和t(11;22)长臂末端间的微小易位,结合G显带技术确定断裂位点位于11q23.3、12q24.1、22q13.1。结果表明特异性染色体端粒区带探针可以确诊染色体末端区域的微小结构异常,可作为一种检出隐匿易位携带者并确定断裂位点的方法。     

CD56和CD117浆细胞免疫表型与多发性骨髓瘤患者染色体核型和预后的研究

目的:探讨CD56和CD117浆细胞免疫表型与多发性骨髓瘤患者染色体核型和预后的关系。方法:选取2011年1月至2017年3月我院收治的66例多发性骨髓瘤患者,均采用以硼替佐米为基础的VTD化疗方法。采集患者新鲜骨髓液,采用流式细胞术(FCM)和荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)检测浆细胞免疫表型和细胞染色体核型。分析浆细胞免疫表型与患者染色体核型和预后的关系。结果:66例患者浆细胞CD19+、CD20+、CD45+、CD56+、CD117+表达频率分别为7.6%(5/66)、18.2%(12/66)、45.5%(30/66)、66.7%(44/66)和40.9%(27/66)。20例行FISH检测的患者,18例(90.0%)核型异常,其中12例(66.7%)IgH重排,9例(50.0%)1q21+扩增,8例(44.4%)del(13q14.3)缺失,10例(55.6%)del(13q14)缺失,3例(16.7%)del(17p)缺失。CD56+患者1q21+扩增和del(13q14.3)发生率显著低于CD56-患者(27.3%vs 85.7%,18.2%vs 85.7%,P0.05)。CD117+患者1q21+扩增和del(17p)发生率显著低于CD117-患者(12.5%vs 80.0%,12.5%vs 20.0%,P0.05)。CD56+患者的PFS和OS明显延长[23.4(2.0-91.4)月vs 19.8(3.0-85.1)月,34.5(8.9-96.5)月vs 30.1(6.7-84.3)月,P0.05]。CD117+患者PFS和OS明显延长[22.9(1.0-94.3)月vs 20.3(2.0-84.3)月,33.9(7.4-93.5)月vs 31.4(6.7-89.7)月,P0.05]。Kaplan-Meier分析CD56和CD117阳性与阴性患者的PFS曲线和OS曲线存在显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:CD56+和CD117+患者的预后明显优于CD56-和CD117-患者,CD56-和CD117-患者染色体异常核型的发生率明显增加。     

1例7 p21.2→pter部分三体综合征患者及其表型定位研究

采用人类染色体G显带技术、高分辨显带技术、荧光原位杂交技术(FISH),对一例7p21．2→pter部分三体综合征患者的染色体进行研究,并综合文献报道的14例7P部分三体综合征的临床资料,就7p部分三体综合征患者的核型与表型的相关关系、核型与疾病基因的相关关系等问题进行探讨。通过1例染色体7p21．2→pter部分三体患者的染色体分析、表型定位研究和相关文献复习比较,探索染色体区带与表型的关系。结果表明,7p21．2→p22是7p部分三体综合征的关键片段,生殖器畸形、髋关节脱位与7p15重复有关,心脏畸形与7p多个基因作用有关,颅缝早闭基因可能位于7p21．2→p21．3。     

一例涉及六条染色体有三个易位的畸变

本文报道了一例极为罕见的、涉及六条染色体有三个易位的染色体结构畸变。患者为10个月龄的幼儿,智力明显低下。取外周血淋巴细胞作G显带染色体标本,核型分析60个中期细胞的结果,每个核型均具有涉及2、3;6、15;7、14号六条染色体的三个易位,其核型按国际体制可表示为46,XY,t(2;3)(q37;q25),t(6;15)(q13;p11),t(7;14)(q11;q13)。     

新近发现的自然流产夫妇的几种染色体异常

本文对218对自然流产夫妇进行了染色体分析,发现17种异常核型,其中46,XY,t(13;14)(q14;q32)、46,XX,t(11;18)(q25;q21)、46,XY,t(4;10)(q31;q11)、 46,XX,t(15;21)(q24;q11)和46,XY,t(6;16)(p24;q13)为世界首报核型。作者同时报道了7例单个细胞染色体异常病例。对染色体异常与流产的关系进行了讨论。 Abstract:Chontaneous abortions and 17 kinds of abnormal karyotypes were discovered.Among which,five abnormal karyotypes were first reported in the world.They are 46,XY,t (13;14)(q14;q32);46,XX;t(11;18)(q25;q21);46,XY,t (4;10) (q31;q11); 46,XX,t (15;21) (q24;q11) and 46,XY,t (6;16) (p24;q13). The chromosome abnormalitics and spontaneous abortious was discussed.     

The donor chromosome breakpoint for a jumping translocation is associated with large low-copy repeats in 21q21.3

Jumping translocations (JTs) are very rare chromosome aberrations, usually identified in tumors. We report a constitutional JT between donor chromosome 21q21.3-->qter and recipients 13qter and 18qter, resulting in an approximately 15.5-Mb proximal deletion 21q in a girl with mild developmental delay and minor dysmorphic features. Using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies, we identified an approximately 550-kb complex inter- and intra-chromosomal low-copy repeat (LCR) adjacent to the 21q21.3 translocation breakpoint. On the recipient chromosomes 13qter and 18qter, the telomeric sequences TTAGGG were retained. Genotyping revealed that the deletion was of maternal origin. We propose that genome architecture involving LCRs may be a major mechanism responsible for the origin of jumping translocations.     

Molecular analysis of a constitutional complex genome rearrangement with 11 breakpoints involving chromosomes 3, 11, 12, and 21 and a ∼0.5-Mb submicroscopic deletion in a patient with mild mental retardation

Complex chromosome rearrangements (CCRs) are extremely rare but often associated with mental retardation, congenital anomalies, or recurrent spontaneous abortions. We report a de novo apparently balanced CCR involving chromosomes 3 and 12 and a two-way translocation between chromosomes 11 and 21 in a woman with mild intellectual disability, obesity, coarse facies, and apparent synophrys without other distinctive dysmorphia or congenital anomalies. Molecular analysis of breakpoints using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with region-specific BAC clones revealed a more complex character for the CCR. The rearrangement is a result of nine breaks and involves reciprocal translocation of terminal chromosome fragments 3p24.1→pter and 12q23.1→qter, insertion of four fragments of the long arm of chromosome 12: q14.1→q21?, q21?→q22, q22→q23.1, and q23.1→q23.1 and a region 3p22.3→p24.1 into chromosome 3q26.31. In addition, we detected a ～0.5-Mb submicroscopic deletion at 3q26.31. The deletion involves the chromosome region that has been previously associated with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) in which a novel gene NAALADL2 has been mapped recently. Other potential genes responsible for intellectual deficiency disrupted as a result of patient’s chromosomal rearrangement map at 12q14.1 (TAFA2), 12q23.1 (METAP2), and 11p14.1 (BDNF).     

Dysmorphic features and congenital heart disease in chromosome 6q deletion: A short report

In this report, we describe a one and a half year old girl showing terminal deletion of long arm of chromosome 6q. The associated abnormalities such as congenital heart disease, mental retardation, and dysmorphic features are described. Cytogenetic studies with GTG banding showed 46,XX,del(6)(q24→qter). Karyotype of the parents was normal suggesting a denovo event.     

De novo 18q deletion with mitral valve insufficiency

We report an 18-year-old Turkish girl with an 18q- deletion and abnormalities of face, mental and growth retardation, mitral deficiency and hypothyroidism. Mitral deficiency has not been reported in 18q deletion syndrome cases previously. We performed cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis, and brain MRI. Her karyotype was 46,XX,del(18)(q21.2-->qter). This report compares the symptoms and features of the present patient with previously reported cases with 18q syndrome.     

Random X inactivation resulting in mosaic nullisomy of region Xp21.1----p21.3 associated with heterozygosity for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency and for chronic granulomatous disease

A young woman with normal gonadal development and mild mental retardation was found to have a small de novo interstitial deletion of most of band Xp21, karyotype designation 46,X,del(X) (pter----p21.3:: p21.1----qter). Replication studies on lymphocytes and skin fibroblasts revealed that in 45% of cells the normal X was late replicating. Somatic cell hybrids between her fibroblasts and HPRT-deficient Chinese hamster cells were obtained and selected for and against retention of the active human X chromosome. In several independent hybrids the deleted X was retained in the active state. Partial ornithine transcarbamylase (ornithine carbamoyltransferase EC 2.1.3.3) (OTC) deficiency was documented by elevated urinary orotic acid excretion and increased serum glutamine after a protein load. This confirms the mapping of the structural gene for OTC to this deletion. Testing of neutrophil function revealed heterozygosity for chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) suggesting that a gene for CGD maps within the deletion. Thus, X inactivation mosaicism is also present in hepatocytes and neutrophilic granulocytes. Random X inactivation in a female with an Xp deletion has not been previously reported. The cells from this patient and the somatic cell hybrids containing her deleted X chromosome in the absence of the normal X provide material for the precise mapping of X linked genes and DNA sequences on the short arm of the human X chromosome.     

FISH-mapping of a 100-kb terminal 22q13 deletion

Both cytogenetically visible and cryptic deletions of the terminal region of chromosome 22q are associated with a clinical phenotype including mental retardation, delay in expressive speech development, hypotonia, normal to accelerated growth and minor facial dysmorphic features. The genes responsible for the development of the phenotype have not yet been identified, but a distal localization is probable, since the cytogenetically visible and the cryptic deletions show a similar pattern of symptoms. We report a 33-year-old woman with a submicroscopic 22q13 deletion, mild mental retardation, speech delay, autistic symptoms and mild facial dysmorphic features. The deletion was mapped by FISH using cosmid probes from terminal 22q13, and the size of the deletion was estimated to be 100 kb. Three genes are affected by the deletion in this patient. ACR and RABL2B are deleted and proSAP2 is disrupted. This observation, together with recently published data, supports the notion that proSAP2 is the most important contributor to the 22q13 deletion phenotype.     

Distal deletion of the long arm of chromosome number 1 (q43-->qter) associated with severe mental retardation and a nonspecific dysmorphic syndrome.

A 6 8/12-year-old girl with severe mental retardation, multiple congenital malformations and a de novo distal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 1 [del 1 (q43-->qter)] is here described. A review of the reported patients does not allow to distinguish different phenotypes related to distal deletion 1q42 and/or 1q43.     

Molecular characterization of a patient with del(1)(q23–q25)

Summary We report a patient (S.T.) with multiple congenital anomalies and developmental delay associated with an interstitial deletion of 1q23–1q25. Molecular analysis of the deletion was performed using DNA markers that map to 1q. Five DNA markers, MLAJ-1 (D1S61), CRI-L1054 (D1S42), HBI40 (D1S66), OS-6 (D1S75), and BH516 (D1S110), were demonstrated to be deleted. Informative polymorphisms demonstrated this to be a de novo deletion of the maternally derived chromosome. Deletion status was determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis supplemented with densitometry in the experiments where RFLP analysis was not fully informative. Deletions were confirmed by Southern analysis using genomic DNA from a somatic cell hybrid retaining the del(1)(q23–q25) chromosome that was constructed from patient S.T. Flow karyotyping confirmed the deletion and estimated that the deletion encompassed 11,000–16,000 kb. The clinical and cytogenetic characteristics of S.T. are compared with those of ten previously described patients with monosomy 1q21–1q25.     

De novo satellited 21q associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, a concealed penis, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay

De novo satellited 21q associated with corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, a concealed penis, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay: We present clinical and cytogenetic data on an infant with de novo satellited 21 q. A 3-month-old boy was found to have microcephaly, developmental delay, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, large low-set ears, a prominent nose, a broad philtrum, a concealed penis, interventricular septal defects, corpus callosum dysgenesis, colpocephaly, ventriculomegaly, and a de novo karyotype of 46,XY,21qs. Standard Ag-NOR staining and FISH studies confirmed a satellite and a deletion on the long arm of a chromosome 21. Quantitative-fluorescent polymerase chain reaction using the polymorphic small tandem repeat markers specific for chromosome 21 determined a maternal origin of the deletion and the breakpoint between D21S156 (21q22.1) (present) and D21S53 (21q22.3) (absent), centromeric to the known minimal holoprosencephaly critical region, D21S13-21qter. The present case provides evidence of the correlation of a distal region of chromosome 21 to the phenotypic effects of monosomy 21.