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中阈尺蠖的生物学及其防治 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中阈尺蠖Phanerothyris sinearia (Guenee)是近年来在闽北出现的一种为害青钱柳的重要害虫。1年发生5代,以蛹在林冠下浅土层越冬。幼虫共6龄,末2龄(5 ̄6龄)为暴食期。此虫发生气温、海拔及坡向关系密切。在虫害较生的林地,可结合秋冬垦复清除越冬蛹,80%敌敌畏乳油1000 ̄1200倍或20%氰戊菊酯乳油5000 ̄6000倍喷射3 ̄4龄幼虫;于越冬代和第1代老熟幼虫初下地时, 相似文献
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监测水环境变化的大无脊椎动物 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
动物与环境之间具有密切的关系,环境变化引起图1弱耐受型的大无脊椎动物1.鱼虫令幼虫2.石蛾幼虫3.石蝇若虫4.长角泥甲成虫5.蜉蝣若虫6.鳃呼吸的腹足类7.扁泥甲幼虫图2中耐受型的大无脊椎动物1.蜻蜒若虫2.大蚊幼虫3.虫忽的若虫4.甲壳片脚动物5.... 相似文献
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黄环绢须野螟Palpitaannulata(Fabricius)是小叶女贞(LigustrumquihouiCarr.)上新出现的一种害虫,严重危害小叶女贞叶片,造成植株枯萎、死亡,同时也危害金叶女贞(L.vicaryi)。该虫在湖南省衡阳地区1年发生3代,以蛹在土中越冬。越冬代成虫和第1、2代成虫分别于4月下旬、5月下旬和6月下旬出现。成虫产卵于嫩梢顶端叶片上,卵期3d,幼虫期9~12d。5月上旬和6月上旬分别是第1代和第2代幼虫盛发期,危害最重。越冬代成虫羽化期喷药是防治该虫的关键,在成虫期和幼虫期分别用40%氧化乐果乳油、50%辛硫磷乳油1000~1200倍或25%溴氰菊酯乳油2500~3000倍稀释液喷洒寄主叶面,可控制该虫危害。 相似文献
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蔷薇三节叶蜂的生物学研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
蔷薇三节叶蜂是山东荣成地区月季的重要食叶害虫。该虫一年发生4代,世代重叠;两性或孤雌生殖;以老熟幼虫越冬。翌年5月初出现成虫;5~10月幼虫危害,10月中旬末第4代幼虫入土结茧越冬结束。本文报告该蜂的生物学特性、天敌种类及其防治方法。 相似文献
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美洲斑潜蝇生活史观察 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
美洲斑潜蝇 Liriomyza sativae Blanchard 1995年传入我市,严重危害蔬菜及花卉等作物[1]。为模清该虫的发生规律,作者于 1996-1998年连续三年对其生活史进行了周年观察,现将结果报道如下。1 材料与方法1.1露地大田发生代数观察 采用室外罩笼法饲养,时间为5月初至11月上旬。饲养植物为斑潜蝇喜食的芸豆。5月初采集塑料大棚内同一天化的蛹(不少于120头),接虫于室外饲养宠内(长1.5m,宽1.3m,高1.2m,60目),共设4笼。成虫产卵孵化的幼虫定为大田一代,一代前三天… 相似文献
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黄檀丑舟蛾生物学特性及防治的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
黄檀丑舟蛾是南岭黄檀的重要食叶害虫,该虫在福建南平一年发生6代,以蛹在疏松土壤中越冬,翌年5月初成虫开始羽化。雌虫产卵于嫩叶上,成块。每雌产卵82-306粒。幼虫5龄,各代幼虫的危害盛期;第一代5月下旬至6旬上旬。第二代6月下旬,第三代7月下旬,第四代8月中旬,第五代9月下旬,第六代11月上旬至中旬。试验表明,20%杀灭菊酯4000倍液或80%敌敌畏2000倍液对幼虫均有良好的毒杀效果。 相似文献
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The development of the anther wall follows Basic-type. The cytokinesis at the time of pollen mother cell meiosis conforms to successive type. The arrangement of the microspores in the tetrad is referred to isobilateral. The primary wall between the generative cell and the vegetative cell is callose. The callose wall is easily detected under the fluorescence microscope. The mature pollen grain is 2-celled type. The ovule is bitegminous, tenui-nucellar and anatropous. The development of the female gametophyte follows Fritillaria-type. The mature embryo sac. consists of the six cells including the seven nuclei. The fertilization is referred to the premitotic syngamy type. The fusion of the female and male nucleoli is not observed at the end of the fertilization. The division of the primary endosperm nucleus is earlier than that of the zygote. The development of the endosperm is referred to nuclear type. The division of the zygote is transverse of longitudinal, the development of the embryo conforms to Onagradtype. When the seed is mature, the embryo is at the proembryo stage without differentiation and the endosperm cells are not absorbed. 相似文献
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维吾尔族的体质特征研究 总被引:37,自引:12,他引:25
1991年5月,对新疆伊梨维吾尔族529人(男271,女258)进行了活体观察和测量。观察29项,测量92项。维吾尔族的主要特征是:黑直发,黑褐色眼,眉毛较浓密,大都有上眼脸皱褶,鼻根中等偏高,大多为直形鼻,鼻尖向前,鼻基部下垂,大多有达尔文结节,耳垢湿型。头面部指数分型,属于特短头型,阔头型和高头型。身材中等偏高,平均身高男168.6毫米,女1578.8毫米。 相似文献
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The present paper reports the chromosome numbers and karyotypes of five species in Polygonatum from Anhui of China. The materials used in this work are listed in Table 1, Photomicrographs of somatic metaphase and karyograms of the five species of Polygonatum in Plate 1, 2, 3, the idiograms in
Fig. 1-11 and a comparison of the karyotype of them is provided in Table 2. The results are shown as follows:
1. Polygonatum odoratum (Mill.)Druce
Two materials were examined. One from Mt. Huangshan, Anhui, has 2n= 16 = 10m (3sc)+ 6sm (Plate 1 :A, B). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 1. The chromosomes range in length from 2.85 to 8.85 μm, with the total length 48.63μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.11, The karyotype belong to Stebbins’(1971) 2B. The two chromosomes of the first pair have arm ratios 1.01 and 1.29 respectively, and The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the short arm, showing heterozyosity .The chromosome num ber of 2n= 16 in P. odoratum and its karyotype are reported for the first time.
The other from Langyashan, Chu - xian, Anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 10m (Isc)+2sm+6st(2sc) (Plate 1: C, D). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 2. The chromosomes range in length from 2.43 to 8.29μm, with the total length 46.67µm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.41. The karyotype is also of 2B. In a somatic chromosome complement the 2nd pair have one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity.
2. Polygonatum filipes Merr.
Two materials were examined. One from the Huangshan, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes: 2n= 16 and 2n=22. This paper reports one of them. The karyotype formula is 2n=22=8m+8sm(2sc)+6st(Plate 3: Q, R). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 3. The chromosomes range in length from 2.55- 5.85μm, with the total length 45.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.29. The karyotype belongs to 3B.
The other material from the Fangchang, Anhui, is shown to have four cytitypes: 2n= 14, 2n= 16, 2n=20 (Plate 3: W) and 2n=22. This paper reports two of them.
Type I: the karytype formula is 2n=14=10m+4sm (Plate 3: S, T). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 5. The chromosomes range in length from 2.59 to 7.61μm, the total length 37.44μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.94. the karyotype belongs to 2B.
Type II :The karyotype formula is 2n=16=8m+4sm+4st (Plate 3: U, V).
The idiogram is shown in Fig. 4. The chromosomes range in length from 2.65 to
8.21 μm, the total length 46.01 μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest
3.10. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The chromosome numbers of 2n=20, 2n= 14 and 2n=22, and karyotype of
2n= 14 and 2n=22 in P. filipes are reported for the first time.
3. Polygonatum cytonema Hua
Two materials were examined. One from the Langyashan, Chuxian, anhui, is found to have 2n = 18 = 8m (2sc)+ 6sm+ 4st (Plate 2: K, L). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 7. The chromosomes range in length from 3.41 to 9.21 μm, the total length 56.34μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest is 2.70. The karyotype belongs to 2B.
The other material from the Huangshan, Anhui, has two cytotypes: 2n=20 and 2n= 22. Type I: The karyotype formula is 2n= 20= 8m+ 6sm+ 6st (Plate 2: M, N). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 8. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 5.03μm, with the total length 32. 91μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2. 87. The karyotype is also of 2B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=22=6m+ 8sm+4st+ 4t (Plate 2: O, P ). The idiogram is Shown in Fig. 10. The chromosomes range in length from 1.75 to 4.95 μm, with total length 35.05μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.83. The karyotype brlongs to 3B.
4. Polygonatum desoulayi kom.
The material from Xuancheng, Anhui, is found to have karyotype 2n = 22 = 10m (2sc) + 6sm (lsc) + 6st ( Plate 2. I, J). The idiogram is shown in Fig. 6. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 5.61μm, with the total length 41.98μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 3.02. The karyotype is also of 3B. The first pair has one chromosome carrying a satellite attached to the long arm, showing heterozygosity. The chromosome number and karyotype of Chinese material are reported for the first time.
5. Polygonatum verticillatum (L.) All. The material from the Langyashan, Chuxian, Anhui is found to have two cytotypes. Type 1: the karyotype formula is 2n = 18 = 2m+ 2sm+ 10st+ 2t+ 2T (Plate 1: G, H). The idiogram is shown in Fig.9. The chromosomes range in length from 1.86 to 4.03μm, with total length 28.28μm and the ratio of the longest to the shortest 2.17. The karyotype classification belongs to 3B. Type II: The karyotype formula is 2n=24=6m+4sm+12st+2T (Plate 1: E, F). The idiogram is shown in Fig. II. The chromosomes range in length from 2.01 to 5.03μm, with total length 41.36μm and the ratio of longest to shortest 2.50. The karyotype is also of 3B. The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Chinese material are reported for the first time. 相似文献
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四种植物花蜜腺的解剖学研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对石竹、庐山小檗、活血丹和紫云英四种植物花蜜腺的外部形态、显微切片和扫描电镜观察,了解到石竹花蜜腺是雄蕊类型,蜜汁通过角质层间小孔分泌;庐山小檗花蜜腺是花被类型,其每个分泌表皮细胞的外切向壁中央向内凹陷与角质层之间形成角质层下空隙,蜜汁由表皮细胞分泌后贮存于角质层下空隙中,在蜜汁积累过程中不断增加对角质层的压力,最后冲破角质层分泌到体外;活血丹和紫云英花蜜腺属于花托类型,前者蜜汁从分泌表皮细胞通过角质层直接渗出,后者蜜汁通过变态气孔分泌。本试验的四种植物花蜜腺中维管组织有三种不同类型。 相似文献
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The microfilaria of Brugia pahangi is a differentiated nematode larva. The basic nematode body plan is present showing cuticle, hypodermis, dorsal, ventral, and lateral cords, muscle cells, longitudinal nerves, papillary nerves, amphids and phasmids. Secretory granules are present in ganglionic cells and in axons in the nerve ring. There is no differentiated pseudocoelom. There is only a single row of muscle cells between each pair of cords. The excretory cell complex is similar in structure to the hypodermal gland cells of other nematodes. The alimentary canal of the microfilaria is very much modified. The pharyngeal cells are attached to the pharyngeal thread which is circular in cross section and there is no pharyngeal musculature. The intestine is represented by the solid mass of the inner body within paired intestinal cells. The intestine is separated from the rectum. The three rectal cells form a syncytium of villi in the anal vesicle. The structure in Brugia is related to the ultrastructure of other microfilariae and it is concluded that the evolution of the modifications of the basic larval structure is due to the small size of these nematodes as a consequence of their adaptation to a parasitic mode of life in the capillaries of the vertebrate host with transmission through an intermediate arthropod vector. 相似文献
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The tarsus of erythrosuchid archosaurs, and implications for early diapsid phylogeny 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
DAVID J. GOWER 《Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society》1996,116(4):347-375
The morphology of the erythrosuchid ankle joint is reassessed. Two specimens, recently thought to have been incorrectly referred to Erythrosuchus africanus , are shown without doubt to belong to this taxon. Furthermore, the morphology is essentially similar to that of other early archosaurs. The tarsus of Erythrosuchus is poorly ossified and consists of a calcaneum, astragalus, and two distal tarsals. The calcanea of Erythrosuchus, Vjushkovia triplicostata , and Shansisuchus shansisuchus are all similar in being dorsoventrally compressed, possessing a lateral tuber, and lacking a perforating foramen. The astragalus of V. triplicostata is currently unknown. The astragalus of Shansisuchus is apparently unique in form. The erythrosuchid pes is therefore more derived than has been recently proposed. The tarsal morphology of several other archosauromorph taxa is reviewed and many details are found to be at variance with the literature. The plesiomorphic condition for the Archosauromorpha consists of four distal tarsals and a proximal row of three elements; two of which articulate with the tibia. These proximal elements are interpreted as the astragalus, calcaneum, and a centrale, and the same pattern is retained in the earliest archosaurs. This reassessed tarsal morphology has implications for the homology of the centrale and reconstruction of early diapsid phylogeny. 相似文献
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短柄五加大,小孢子发生和雌,雄配子体发育的研究 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
短柄五加花药5枚,每个花药四个花粉囊。小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为同时型,产生正四面体形的四分体。花药壁由表皮、药室内壁、中层和绒毡层四层细胞组成,其发育类型为双子叶型。腺质绒毡层,其细胞为二核。三细胞型花粉。子房5室,每室两个胚珠,上胚珠败育,下胚珠可育。下胚珠倒生,具单珠被,厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线性排列的四个大孢子,雌配子体发育属蓼型。开花当天,花粉散开,雌配子体尚未成熟,处 相似文献