如何查找Internet网上的基因突变信息资源

Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上蕴藏着极其丰富的基因突变信息资源 ,为了更有效地获取和利用这些信息资源为我国的人类基因组计划和突变研究服务。本文结合自己的实践,介绍Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上基因突变信息资源及其查找方法 ,希望能对从事人类基因计划和突变研究以及基因突变信息处理等方面的科研人员有所帮助和启迪。１基因突变数据库随着人类基因组计划和突变研究的深入开展 ,产生了大量的基因突变以及多态性数据 ,借助传统的科学期刊系统发表这些数据已属不可能 ,必须建立相应的突变数据库来加速这些信息资源的处理和利用。为此建立了大量的基因突…     

昆虫学研究的Internet资源

互联网的发展给昆虫学的研究开辟了新的道路。该文简要介绍了Internet以及在昆虫学研究和教学中的应用概况 ,并从虚拟图书馆、数据库、在线工具、网上期刊、课程网站以及个人网页 6个方面系统介绍了昆虫学研究的Internet资源     

简体中文昆虫学国际互联网站介绍与评述

随着国际互联网 (Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ)在国内的发展 ,上网的人数越来越多 ,互联网已经成为人们获取信息的重要途径之一 ,同时人们也利用互联网来相互交流 ,当然 ,昆虫学工作者也不例外[1] 。虽然互联网在我国的普及程度与先进国家相比还有一定的差距 ,但我们的昆虫学工作者包括许多昆虫爱好者在这方面作出了很大的努力 ,一些昆虫学工作者在互联网上建立了个人昆虫学站点 ,向社会大众提供有关昆虫分类、标本采集与制作、蝴蝶生态等方面的知识。这里介绍的这些站点是作者在互联网上经常访问的站点 ,包括了互联网上所有简体中文昆虫学科普站点 ,…     

利用WWW检索蓖麻资源信息的方法与技术

阐述了在Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上利用ＷＷＷ系统和它的主要检索工具进行蓖麻资源的科技文献、市场经济信息与新产品开发情报的检索方法与检索技术     

Internet网上生物医学信息资源简介

本文主要介绍了有关生物医学网上信息资源,及在网上检索的一点粗浅认识。     

Internet网上生物医学信息资源简介

本文主要介绍了有关生物医学网上信息资源,及在网上检索的一点粗浅认识。     

利用SWISS-PROT网获取生物信息学资源

生物信息学是是采用数学、统计学和计算机方法对生物学数据信息进行采集、存储、传播、分析、归类、解释的科学[1] 。Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网络是信息传输、检索、获取、交流的重要手段。当前 ,在Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ网上可以查询到大量的生物信息学数据库 ,其中ＳＷＩＳＳ ＰＲＯＴ蛋白质序列数据库是网上生物信息学最核心的 3个数据库之一。通过该数据库 ,可以较完整地获得生物大分子的序列信息。同时 ,研究者也可以将测定的序列信息通过该数据库予以认定、发表、交流。本文主要探讨ＳＷＩＳＳ ＰＲＯＴ蛋白质序列数据库的特点、检索方法及利用Ｉ…     

利用E-mail检索Inter网上的昆虫基因信息

在昆虫分子生物学研究中 ,常常需要了解昆虫的基因序列或对基因序列进行分析比较。随着 Internet的迅速发展 ,互连网上的昆虫学资源也日益丰富。利用 E-mail可以免费、迅速地获得美国国家生物技术信息中心提供的有关核酸和蛋白质序列与结构以及出版物的信息 ,其中也包括昆虫的信息。只需要向地址为query@ncbi.nlm.nih.gov的服务器发送按下文格式书写的 E-mail,若网络通畅 ,几分钟就可以收到对方按查询要求发回的 E-mail。该服务器提供的检索范围几乎囊括了世界上所有著名的相关数据库 ,其中核酸序列数据库包括 :Gen Bank,EMBL,DDBJ,db…     

Internet生命科学中文站点导航

本文主要介绍Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ上与生命科学相关的主要中文站点的内容及网址。分为科研信息网、数据检索的网站、中科院及其下属研究所、有关生命科学的电子出版物四个方面进行介绍。从而为生命科学研究工作者使用Ｉｎｔｅｒｅｎｔ做网上导航。     

网络中的遗传学信息资源

目　　录一、网络中遗传学基础研究信息资源二、网络中医学遗传学信息资源三、网络中的遗传学教育资源四、网络中遗传学文献、新闻和政府主管部门资源五、网络遗传信息资源未来的发展在过去的十年中 ,随着信息科学的发展 ,计算机在遗传学的发展中起到了不可替代的作用。计算机的应用开辟了一个新的遗传学研究领域。同时 ,以计算机为基础的通讯手段也改变了研究人员、医务人员和普通百姓获得遗传学信息的方式。Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的飞速发展是产生这种变化的主要原因。Ｅ ｍａｉｌ和ＷｏｒｌｄＷｉｄｅＷｅｂ这两项Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ的功能对遗…     

Nine-spined sticklebacks exploit the most reliable source when public and private information conflict

Social foragers can potentially use private information gained from personal experience and public information gained from observing the foraging success of others to determine the profitability of a foraging patch. We investigated how nine-spined sticklebacks use conflicting public and private information of variable reliability to make foraging decisions. In a first experiment, when private information was reliable, sticklebacks ignored public information and based their foraging decision on private information. However, when private information was less reliable, sticklebacks tended to use public rather than private information. A second experiment investigated how the time since experiencing private information affected sticklebacks' use of this information when it conflicted with recent public information. Fish based their foraging decisions on recently acquired private information, but reliance on private information diminished as the period since experiencing it increased. Fish used public information if 7 days had elapsed since updating their private information. Our findings suggest that nine-spined sticklebacks flexibly adjust their decision making to exploit the most reliable information available, be it public or private, and that animals will weight private and public information appropriately depending on circumstances.     

The effect of costly information in diet choice

Summary We distinguish three cases which consider the effect of information on animal behaviour: static information, obligate information and facultative information. Static information deals with the case in which the animal does not acquire additional information; it starts with enough information to discriminate options. Obligate information deals with the case in which the animal acquires information at no additional cost. Facultative information is when the animal may choose to pay a cost in order to acquire information. We illustrate the differences among these three situations by analysing the optimal diet problem subject to the different information regimes. Compared to the case with static information, obligate recognition time narrows the range of prey densities over which an optimal forager feeds selectively, and facultative recognition time reduces it further still. The three models yield qualitatively different predictions regarding how the optimal diet varies with relative abundances of alternative resources. In the space of resource densities, the line separating the optimal behaviours of selectivity and opportunism is straight for both the perfect and obligate information cases. In the case of facultative recognition time this line or isoleg is part of a quadratic curve. This non-linearity yields two completely new predictions: a less profitable resource may be lost from the diet after becoming more abundant and the poor resource may be included in the diet as a result of the rich resource becoming more common.     

Qualitative information and comparative informativeness

This paper pursues three basic definitions of comparative information motivated by various theories of information. The first definition involves the ordering of experiments according to a qualitative relation “not more informative than”, the second is derived from measure-theoretic properties of information without probability leading to a construction of a partially ordered algebra of information, the third is based on a particular aspect of qualitative semantic information involving the ordering of propositions according to their information content. This approach leads to a Boolean interpretation of informative propositions generating a qualitative probability structure. Some ways are discussed how to represent informative propositions by compatible normed information measures, leading to a measure of probability in terms of information.     

Value of information in natural resource management: technical developments and application to pink‐footed geese

The “value of information” (VOI) is a generic term for the increase in value resulting from better information to guide management, or alternatively, the value foregone under uncertainty about the impacts of management (Yokota and Thompson, Medical Decision Making 2004; 24 : 287). The value of information can be characterized in terms of several metrics, including the expected value of perfect information and the expected value of partial information. We extend the technical framework for the value of information by further developing the relationship between value metrics for partial and perfect information and describing patterns of their performance. We use two different expressions for the expected value of partial information to highlight its relationship to the expected value of perfect information. We also develop the expected value of partial information for hierarchical uncertainties. We highlight patterns in the value of information for the Svalbard population of the pink‐footed goose (Anser brachyrhynchus), a population that is subject to uncertainty in both reproduction and survival functions. The framework for valuing information is seen as having widespread potential in resource decision making, and serves as a motivation for resource monitoring, assessment, and collaboration.     

The ecology of information: an overview on the ecological significance of making informed decisions

Information is characterized as the reduction of uncertainty and by a change in the state of a receiving organism. Thus, organisms can acquire information about their environment that reduces uncertainty and increases their likelihood of choosing a best‐matching strategy. We define the ecology of information as the study of how organisms acquire and use information in decision‐making and its significance for populations, communities, landscapes and ecosystems. As a whole, it encompasses the reception and processing of information, decision‐making, and the ecological consequences of making informed decisions. The first two stages constitute the domains of, e.g. sensory ecology and behavioral ecology. The exploration of the consequences of information use at larger spatial and temporal scales in ecology has lagged behind these other disciplines. In our overview we characterize information, discuss statistical decision theory as a quantitative framework to analyze information and decision‐making, and discuss potential ecological ramifications. Rather than attempt a cursory review of the enormity of the scope of information we highlight information use in development, breeding habitat selection, and interceptive eavesdropping on alarm calls. Through these topics we discuss specific examples of ecological information use and the emerging ecological consequences. We emphasize recurring themes: information is collected from multiple sources, over varying temporal and spatial scales, and in many cases links heterospecifics to one another. We conclude by breaking from specific ecological contexts to explore implications of information as a central organizing principle, including: information webs, information as a component of the niche concept, and information as an ecosystem process. With information having such an enormous reach in ecology we further cast a spotlight on the potential harmful effects of anthropogenic noise and info‐disruption.     

The type and timing of social information alters offspring production

The acquisition and use of information are essential for decision-making in an uncertain world. The use of social information, or information from the behaviour of others, may be a common and efficient mechanism to improve estimates of resource quality by animals. According to theory, social information cues with higher information content should have a greater influence on decision-making, and current information should be weighed more than prior information. However, experimental tests of these hypotheses remain scarce. We exposed female cactus bugs (Chelinidea vittiger) to different types of social information (the presence of conspecific eggs or nymphs) presented at different times (current or prior to egg laying) to determine the influence of social information on offspring production. We found that social information substantially altered the number of eggs produced. The presence of conspecific eggs, regardless of timing, consistently increased egg production, whereas nymphs only increased egg production when present during egg laying. We conclude that the type and timing of social information may have an important, yet unappreciated, influence on reproductive allocation.     

Evolution of biological information

How do genetic systems gain information by evolutionary processes? Answering this question precisely requires a robust, quantitative measure of information. Fortunately, 50 years ago Claude Shannon defined information as a decrease in the uncertainty of a receiver. For molecular systems, uncertainty is closely related to entropy and hence has clear connections to the Second Law of Thermodynamics. These aspects of information theory have allowed the development of a straightforward and practical method of measuring information in genetic control systems. Here this method is used to observe information gain in the binding sites for an artificial ‘protein’ in a computer simulation of evolution. The simulation begins with zero information and, as in naturally occurring genetic systems, the information measured in the fully evolved binding sites is close to that needed to locate the sites in the genome. The transition is rapid, demonstrating that information gain can occur by punctuated equilibrium.     

How to Use Not-Always-Reliable Binding Site Information in Protein-Protein Docking Prediction

In many protein-protein docking algorithms, binding site information is used to help predicting the protein complex structures. Using correct and accurate binding site information can increase protein-protein docking success rate significantly. On the other hand, using wrong binding sites information should lead to a failed prediction, or, at least decrease the success rate. Recently, various successful theoretical methods have been proposed to predict the binding sites of proteins. However, the predicted binding site information is not always reliable, sometimes wrong binding site information could be given. Hence there is a high risk to use the predicted binding site information in current docking algorithms. In this paper, a softly restricting method (SRM) is developed to solve this problem. By utilizing predicted binding site information in a proper way, the SRM algorithm is sensitive to the correct binding site information but insensitive to wrong information, which decreases the risk of using predicted binding site information. This SRM is tested on benchmark 3.0 using purely predicted binding site information. The result shows that when the predicted information is correct, SRM increases the success rate significantly; however, even if the predicted information is completely wrong, SRM only decreases success rate slightly, which indicates that the SRM is suitable for utilizing predicted binding site information.     

The Impact of Third-Party Information on Trust: Valence,Source, and Reliability

Economic exchange between strangers happens extremely frequently due to the growing number of internet transactions. In trust situations like online transactions, a trustor usually does not know whether she encounters a trustworthy trustee. However, the trustor might form beliefs about the trustee''s trustworthiness by relying on third-party information. Different kinds of third-party information can vary dramatically in their importance to the trustor. We ran a factorial design to study how the different characteristics of third-party information affect the trustor’s decision to trust. We systematically varied unregulated third-party information regarding the source (friend or a stranger), the reliability (gossip or experiences), and the valence (positive or negative) of the information. The results show that negative information is more salient for withholding trust than positive information is for placing trust. If third-party information is positive, experience of a friend has the strongest effect on trusting followed by friend’s gossip. Positive information from a stranger does not matter to the trustor. With respect to negative information, the data show that even the slightest hint of an untrustworthy trustee leads to significantly less placed trust irrespective of the source or the reliability of the information.     

Improving life sciences information retrieval using semantic web technology

The ability to retrieve relevant information is at the heart of every aspect of research and development in the life sciences industry. Information is often distributed across multiple systems and recorded in a way that makes it difficult to piece together the complete picture. Differences in data formats, naming schemes and network protocols amongst information sources, both public and private, must be overcome, and user interfaces not only need to be able to tap into these diverse information sources but must also assist users in filtering out extraneous information and highlighting the key relationships hidden within an aggregated set of information. The Semantic Web community has made great strides in proposing solutions to these problems, and many efforts are underway to apply Semantic Web techniques to the problem of information retrieval in the life sciences space. This article gives an overview of the principles underlying a Semantic Web-enabled information retrieval system: creating a unified abstraction for knowledge using the RDF semantic network model; designing semantic lenses that extract contextually relevant subsets of information; and assembling semantic lenses into powerful information displays. Furthermore, concrete examples of how these principles can be applied to life science problems including a scenario involving a drug discovery dashboard prototype called BioDash are provided.