溴氰菊酯对家蝇细胞色素P-450含量的影响

本文研究了溴氰菊酯对正常品系雌性家蝇Musca domestica vieina腹部微粒体细胞色素P-450的诱导作用.结果表明溴氰菊酯对P-450有一定的诱导作用,在低于LD₅₀的波度范围内,浓度高的溴氰菊酯作用较明显,浓度低的溴氰菊酯在重复处理家蝇后也显示出诱导作用.这种诱导作用在24小时内有随时间的延长而增强的趋势.另外对照组与处理组的P-450 CO差光谱的特征吸收峰的波长均为451nm,表明诱导作用未改变P-450的光谱性质.     

用低G／C％含量引物通过PCR扩增家蝇细胞色素P—450 cDNA

根据昆虫细胞色素P-450基因的多型性和遗传多态性,以苯巴比妥钠诱导、室内饲养的杀虫剂敏感种群雌性家蝇Musca omestica vicina Macquart为材料,提取总RNA,以0ligo(dT)-纤维素亲和层析分离出总mRNA;以此为模板反转录合成总cDNA。再以总cDNA为模板,以P-450CYP6A1cDNA序列为参考设计一对低G/C%含量引物,进行PCR扩增,获得1.5kb左右的预期目的片段。     

家蝇丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂Serpin15的克隆表达及重组蛋白的体外活性分析

为探明家蝇重组Serpin15蛋白的体外活性和酶稳定性,本文对家蝇Serpin15基因进行了生物信息学分析和克隆表达,并对纯化后的家蝇重组Serpin15蛋白进行了酶特性的研究.结果显示:家蝇Serpin15基因ORF框全长为1353 bp,编码450个氨基酸,理论分子量为51076.63 Da,有信号肽和一个标志抑制...     

细胞色素P-450研究概况

肝细胞色素P-450是人及动物体内,代谢内源性及外源性化合物的一族酶,其氧化药物的机制已被进一步阐明,并发现P-450虽可使大多数外源性化合物代谢解毒,但也与某些药物的毒性作用以及化学致癌有关。现已证明,肝内有多种形式的P-450,分别为不同的诱导剂所诱导。它们在光谱特性、底物特异性以及催化反应等方面有明显的区别,并证明酶的诱导是由特定基因调节的。此外,近年来多种P-450的分离分析方法也有了一定的提高。     

细胞色素P-450研究概况

肝细胞色素P-450是人及动物体内,代谢内源性及外源性化合物的一族酶,其氧化药物的机制已被进一步阐明,并发现P-450虽可使大多数外源性化合物代谢解毒,但也与某些药物的毒性作用以及化学致癌有关。现已证明,肝内有多种形式的P-450,分别为不同的诱导剂所诱导。它们在光谱特性、底物特异性以及催化反应等方面有明显的区别,并证明酶的诱导是由特定基因调节的。此外,近年来多种P-450的分离分析方法也有了一定的提高。     

真菌-氧化氮还原酶细胞色素P-450nor 2 cDNA序列的测定

在真菌的反硝化作用中,一种细胞色素P-450起着一氧化氮还原酶的作用,被称为细胞色素P-450nor^[1]。最近的研究发现：真菌细胞色素P-450nor有三种类型。除了缣孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)P+450nor(即F．P-450nor)外。还有两种存在于柱孢菌(Cylindrocarpon tonkinense)．即C. P-450norl和2^[2]。 F．P-450nox和C．P-450norl能以NADH为直接的电子供体,使NO还原生成N₂O。C. P-450nor2不仅能直接利用NADH。而且能直接利用NADPH．还原NO生成N₂O。F. P-450nor基因已被克隆和测序^[3-4]。本文测定了C．P-450nor2的eDNA编码区全序列,3’非编码区部分序列和5’引导序列。     

细胞色素P-450在昆虫的适应性和抗药性中的作用

<正> 前文介绍了细胞色素P-450的分子特性和光谱特性、P-450的多样性、诱导性及其分子机理。鉴于这些特性对药剂的代谢、选择毒性、对寄主植物的适应性以及抗药性的重要性,本文简要地介绍细胞色素p-450(简称P-450)是如何发挥其保护作用的,以及与昆虫化学防治的关系。 一、P-450对昆虫的保护作用     

昆虫中的细胞色素P-450及其特性

<正> 细胞色素P-450在微粒体多功能氧化酶系(MFO)中起着关键性作用。它能与氧分子和底物结合,并参与氧的活化。因此,P-450在杀中剂代谢、昆虫的选择毒性和抗药性、在保幼激素和脱皮激素的代谢以及在昆虫对寄主植物的适应性中都有着极其重要的作用。 自50年代后期以来,人们不仅对P-450的分子性质、光谱性质和多样性进行了详细研究,而且对P-450与P-450-还原酶、磷脂的相互关系及其在膜中的结构也进行了研究。目前     

微粒体细胞色素P-450、NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶的纯化与重组活性

经苯巴比妥钠诱导的雄性大白鼠的肝微粒体纯化的细胞色素P-450同功酶组份,经SDS-PAGE鉴定呈电泳纯,分子量为55kD。部分纯化的NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶,含72和77kD两个蛋白质组分。上述细胞色素P-450和NADPH-细胞色素P-450还原酶与卵磷脂制备的脂质体重组后的活性试验表明,对艾氏剂有环氧化作用,对环已烷有羟化作用,对溴氰菊酯的羟化作用微弱。当重组系统中缺少细胞色素P-450组份时,对环已烷不再起作用。同时还研究了纯化的细胞色素P-450的光谱特性。     

家蝇对二氯苯醚菊酯的抗性及增效磷的增效作用Ⅱ:氧化代谢

氧化代谢的增强是引起家蝇对二氯苯醚菊酯产生抗性的因素之一.抗性家蝇多功能氧化酶的萘羟化活性、对二氯苯醚菊酯的氧化代谢能力和微粒体细胞色素P₄₅₀含量分别是正常家蝇的2、1.48、1.33倍.正常家蝇和抗性家蝇细胞色素P₄₅₀在对增效磷(SV₁)和氧化胡椒基丁醚(Pb)的敏感性上也存在着差异.SV₁与多功能氧化酶专一性抑制剂Pb一样,对该酶系催化的萘羟化活性及二氯苯醚菊酯的氧化代谢有明显的抑制作用,这种抑制作用是SV₁在家蝇体内对二氯苯醚菊酯增效的机理之一.SV₁对氧化代谢的抑制与它和微粒体细胞色素P₄₅₀相互作用形成非活性复合体有关.     

Intron-exon organization and phylogeny in a large superfamily, the paralogous cytochrome P450 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana

The cytochrome P450 gene superfamily is represented by 80 genes in animal genomes and perhaps more than 300 genes in plant genomes. We analyzed about half of all Arabidopsis P450 genes, a very large dataset of truly paralogous genes. Sequence alignments were used to draw phylogenetic trees, and this information was compared with the intron-exon organization of each P450 gene. We found 60 unique intron positions, of which 37 were phase 0 introns. Our results confirm the polyphyletic origin of plant P450 genes. One group of these genes, the A-type P450s, are plant specific and characterized by a simple organization, with one highly conserved intron. Closely related A-type P450 genes are often clustered in the genome with as many as a dozen genes (e.g., of the CYP71 subfamily) on a short stretch of chromosome. The other P450 genes (non-A-type) form several distinct clades and are characterized by numerous introns. One such clade contains the two CYP51 genes, which are thought to encode obtusifoliol 14a demethylase. The two CYP51 genes have a single intron that is not shared with CYP51 genes from vertebrates or fungi, or with any other Arabidopsis P450 gene. Only a few of the Arabidopsis P450 genes are intronless (e.g., the CYP710A and CYP96A subfamilies). There was a relatively good correlation between intron conservation and phylogenetic relationships between members of the P450 subfamilies. Gene organization appears to be a useful tool in establishing the evolutionary relatedness of P450 genes, which may help in predictions of P450 function.     

Genome-wide identification and characterization of putative cytochrome P450 genes in the model legume <Emphasis Type="Italic">Medicago truncatula</Emphasis>

In plants, cytochrome P450 is a group of monooxygenases existing as a gene superfamily and plays important roles in metabolizing physiologically important compounds. However, to date only a limited number of P450s have been identified and characterized in legumes. In this study, data mining methods were used, and 151 putative P450 genes in the model legume Medicago truncatula were identified, including 135 novel sequences. These genes were classified into 9 clans and 44 families by sequence similarity, and among those 4 new clans and 21 new families not reported previously in legumes. By comparison of these genes with P450 genes in Arabidopsis and rice, it was found that most of the known P450 families in dicot species exist in M. truncatula. The representative protein sequences of putative P450s were aligned, and the secondary elements were assigned based on the known structure P450BM3. Putative substrate recognition sites (SRSs) and substrate binding sites were also identified in these sequences. In addition, the ESTs-derived expression profiles (digital Northern) of the putative P450 genes were analyzed, which was confirmed by semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of several selected P450 genes. These results will provide a base for catalogue information on P450 genes in M. truncatula and for further functional analysis of P450 superfamily genes in legumes.     

Isolation and functional analysis of cytochrome P450 CYP153A genes from various environments

The cytochrome P450 CYP153 family is thought to mediate the terminal hydroxylation reactions of n-alkanes. We isolated 16 new P450 CYP153A genes (central region) from various environments such as petroleum-contaminated soil and groundwater, as well as one from the n-alkane-degrading bacterium Alcanivorax borkumensis SK2 (designated P450balk). The sequences of the new P450 genes were extended by PCR to generate full-length chimeric P450 genes, using the N- and C-terminal domains of P450balk. A differential CO-reduced P450 spectral analysis indicated that 8 P450 genes among the 16 chimeric genes were expressed in Escherichia coli to generate a soluble and functional enzyme. The several functional chimeric P450s and P450balk were further fused to the reductase domain of the self-sufficient P450 monooxygenase (P450RhF) at the C-terminus. E. coli cells expressing these self-sufficient P450 chimeric genes converted n-alkanes, cyclohexane, 1-octene, n-butylbenzene, and 4-phenyl-1-butene into 1-alkanols, cyclohexanol, 1,2-epoxyoctane, 1-phenyl-4-butanol, and 2-phenethyl-oxirane, respectively.     

烟草细胞色素P450的基因组学分析

细胞色素P450是一类含血红素的单加氧酶超基因家族, 在植物多种代谢途径中起着重要作用。为了解烟草中的P450的种类和数量, 文章将植物代表性P450蛋白质序列与烟草基因组序列比对, 在烟草基因组中鉴定了44个P450家族共263个成员。将这些烟草P450基因与烟草表达序列标签(EST)比对, 发现173个成员有EST证据。通过与拟南芥中已知的P450蛋白序列比较, 分析了部分烟草P450蛋白序列的特征和二级结构。根据烟草基因芯片数据和部分基因的RT-PCR结果, 发现73个烟草P450基因能够在不同的生长发育时期表达, 其中部分基因具有组织特异性。这些研究结果为烟草P450基因功能的深入分析奠定了基础。     

The expression of Spodoptera exigua P450 and UGT genes: tissue specificity and response to insecticides

Cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucosyltransferase (UGT) as phase I and phase II metabolism enzymes, respectively, play vital roles in the breakdown of endobiotics and xenobiotics. Insects can in crease the expression of detoxificatio n enzymes to cope with the stress from xenobiotics including insecticides. However, the molecular mechanisms for insecticide detoxification in Spodoptera exigua remain elusive, and the genes conferring insecticide metabolisms in this species are less well reported. In this study, 68 P450 and 32 UGT genes were identified. Phylogenetic analysis showed gene expansions in CYP3 and CYP4 clans of P450 genes and UGT33 family of this pest. P450 and UGT genes exhibited specific tissue expression patterns. Insecticide treatments in fat body cells of S. exigua revealed that the expression levels of P450 and UGT genes were significantly influenced by challenges of abamectin, lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone and indoxacarb. Multiple genes for detoxification were affected in expression levels after insecticide exposures. The results demonstrated that lambda-cyhalothrin, chlorantraniliprole, metaflumizone and indoxacarb induced similar responses in the expression of P450 and UGT genes in fat body cells;eight P450 genes and four UGT genes were co-up-regulated significantly, and no or only a few CYP/UGT genes were down-regulated significantly by these four insecticides. However, abamectin triggered a distinct response for P450 and UGT gene expression;more P450 and UGT genes were down-regulated by abamectin than by the other four compounds. In con elusion, P450 and UGT genes from S. exigua were identified, and different responses to abamectin suggest a different mechanism for insecticide detoxification.     

The cytochrome P450 gene superfamily in Drosophila melanogaster: annotation, intron-exon organization and phylogeny

The cytochrome P450 gene superfamily is represented by 90 sequences in the Drosophila melanogaster genome. Of these 90 P450 sequences, 83 code for apparently functional genes whereas seven are apparent pseudogenes. More than half of the genes belong to only two families, CYP4 and CYP6. The CYP6 family is insect specific whereas the CYP4 family includes sequences from vertebrates. There are eight genes coding for mitochondrial P450s as deduced from their homology to CYP12A1 from the house fly. The genetic map of the distribution of D. melanogaster P450 genes shows (a) the absence of P450 genes on the chromosome 4 and Y, (b) more than half of the P450 genes are found on chromosome 2, and (c) the largest cluster contains nine genes. Sequence alignments were used to draw phylogenetic trees and to analyze the intron-exon organization of each functional P450 gene. Only five P450 genes are intronless. We found 57 unique intron positions, of which 23 were phase zero, 19 were phase one and 15 were phase two. There was a relatively good correlation between intron conservation and phylogenetic relationship between members of the P450 subfamilies. Although the function of many P450 proteins from vertebrates, fungi, plants and bacteria is known, only a single P450 from D. melanogaster, CYP6A2, has been functionally characterized. Gene organization appears to be a useful tool in the study of the regulation, the physiological role and the function of these P450s.     

赤点石斑鱼两种芳香化酶cDNA的克隆及其表达的组织特异性

以赤点石斑鱼 (Epinephelusakaara)脑垂体中提取的RNA为模板 ,根据芳香化酶的保守序列设计引物 ,利用GeneRacerTM 技术 ,克隆出两种芳香化酶即脑芳香化酶 (P4 5 0aromB)和性腺芳香化酶 (P4 5 0aromA)的cDNA ,其全长分别为 190 1bp (编码 5 0 9aa)和 1833bp (编码 5 18aa)。序列分析结果表明 ,赤点石斑鱼两种芳香化酶cDNA序列的同源性为 5 1 6 % ,氨基酸序列之间同源性为 6 2 5 % ,与斜带石斑鱼两种芳香化酶氨基酸同源性分别为 94 7%和 97 9%。对 8个科的 10种鱼进行了分子系统进化树分析 ,结果与根据传统的形态学和生化特征分类进化地位基本一致。以特异性引物扩增雌、雄赤点石斑鱼各种组织 (垂体、嗅球、端脑、下丘脑、中脑、后脑、延脑、心脏、肾脏、肝脏、脾脏、性腺、鳃、胃、肠、皮肤、脂肪、肌肉、头肾、胸腺、鳔 ) ,以β actin作内标比较各组织芳香化酶基因表达量的差异 ,结果表明 ,赤点石斑鱼脑芳香化酶 (P4 5 0aromB)有广泛的组织分布 ,脑和垂体的表达量很高 ,各组织表达量有明显的雌、雄差异 ;而性腺芳香化酶 (P4 5 0aromA)表达主要集中于垂体和性腺 ,且不论雌雄 ,其性腺表达量均高于脑垂体 ,和P4 5 0aromB的表达模式明显不同 ,表现为在脑部 ,P4 5 0aromB表达量高于P4 5 0aromA ,而在性腺 ,