OBSERVATIONS ON THE GENUS PSAMMINA,INCLUDING THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW ALGICOLOUS AND LICHENICOLOUS SPECIES

Psammina inflata Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. and P. simplex Earland-Bennett & D. Hawksw. are described as new species from coccoid green algae and crustose or leprose lichens in lowland Britain. Additional records and hosts for P. stipitata are reported, and a key to the four species now known in the British Isles is presented. Psammina simplex is the more strongly pathogenic of the species, eventually destroying its hosts. The discovery of these new species adds weight to the view that the genus is more appropriately regarded as a hyphomycete rather than an acervular coelomycete. The size, shape and septation dimensions of the conidial arms were found to be the most reliable characters for species separations in the genus. Pycnopsammina lobariae Diederich & Etayo is also cited from the British Isles for the first time.     

PROTOPARMELIA HYPOTREMELLA,A NEW STERILE CORTICOLOUS SPECIES FROM EUROPE,AND ITS LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI

Protoparmelia hypotremellavan Herk, Spier & Wirth, a sterile corticolous lichen, is described as a species new to science, so far known from Austria, SW Germany and the Netherlands. It is rapidly spreading in Germany and the Netherlands. It is apparently close toP. oleagina, and is often found growing together with that species on oak trees along roads in the Netherlands. Both species are host to the lichenicolous fungiSphinctrina anglicaandTremella wirthii.     

LICHENICOLOUS SPECIES OFARTHONIAONLOBARIACEAEWITH NOTES ON EXCLUDED TAXA

The species ofArthonias. lat. (Arthoniales,Ascomycotina) lichenicolous on species ofPseudocyphellariaand otherLobariaceaeare revised. Thirteen species are accepted, and eight species are described as new (all from the Southern Hemisphere):Arthonia badiaWedin & Hafellner,A. coriifoliaeWedin & Hafellner,A. flavicantisWedin & Hafellner,A. maculiformisWedin & Hafellner,A. minutaWedin & Hafellner,A. santessonianaWedin & Hafellner,‘A.’ semi-immersaWedin & Hafellner, andA. subaggregataWedin & Hafellner. Comparative notes on additional accepted species previously described fromPseudocyphellariaor otherLobariaceae(A. pelvetii,A. plectocarpoides,A. pseudocyphellariae,A. stictaria, andA. subconveniens) are included, and a key to theArthonia(and similar) species growing onLobariaceaeis presented. The coelomycete genusSubhysteropycnisWedin & Hafellner is described for the speciesS. maculiformansWedin & Hafellner, the macroconidal anamorph ofArthonia badia. The lecanoralean genusCorticiruptorWedin & Hafellner is described as new to accommodate the single lichenicolous speciesC. abeloneae(P. M. Jørg.) Wedin & Hafellner comb. nov., and the additional new combinationPlectocarpon linitae(R. Sant.) Wedin & Hafellner is proposed. The namesCelidium pelvetiiHepp,Sticta auratababortivaSchaer. andArthonia stictariaNyl. are lectotypified, and the typifications are discussed.     

中国地衣生真菌初步名录

该文是关于中国地衣生真菌汇编的首次报道,其中也包括新近采集的种类。名录中汇编了27种,其中9种为中国新记录种,包括5个中国新记录属的代表:Ampullifera, Intralichen, Marchandiomyces, Phaeosporobolus, 和Stigmidium。文中还包括一个新组合种:Stigmidium cupulare (syn, Pharcidia supularis)。     

CODONMYCES AND LICHENOSTELLA,TWO NEW GENERA OF LICHENICOLOUS CONIDIAL FUNGI

The new generic names Codonmyces and Lichenostella are introduced for two new species of conidial fungi. Lichenostella hypotrachynae gen. et sp. nov. is a commensal of Hypotrachyna species, and is mainly characterized by forming black sporodochia with setae and, particularly, by its star-like conidia. Codonmyces lecanorae gen. et. sp. nov. occurs on Lecanora valesiaca and differs from the genus Xanthoriicola by its 1-septate conidia and campanulate conidiogenous cells with several conspicuous, flared annellations. Comments on the ecology ofL. valesiaca , and its associated lichens and lichenicolous fungi are also given.     

凤梨科植物上的两个真菌新种(英文)

报道凤梨科植物真菌病害2个新种:水塔花星裂盘菌Phacidium billbergiae, 凤梨顶多毛孢Bartalinia ananatis。模式标本保存于华南农业大学植物病理标本室。     

泽兰叶上的三种真菌

本文报道采自北京、安徽和云南泽兰属(Eupatorium spp.)叶上的三种真菌,其中有一个新种:泽兰齿梗孢(Scolecobasidium eupatorii Guo,sp.nov.)和一个新组合:藿香蓟假尾孢[Pseudocercospora ageratoides(Ell.& Ev.)Guo,comb.nov.]。新种与Sco-lecobasidium anelii和S.arenarium之区别在于S.anelii分生孢子梗短(35.0μm),分生孢子有纵隔膜,常在隔膜处缢缩;S.arenarium分生孢子的隔膜色泽深,在孢子的一端或两端具黑点。研究的标本收藏在中国科学院微生物研究所真菌标本室(HMAS)。     

LICHENICOLOUS FUNGI FROM THE WESTERN PYRENEES,FRANCE AND SPAIN. IV. ASCOMYCETES

Twenty species of lichenicolous ascomycetes are recorded for the western Pyrenees.Capronia hypotrachynaeEtayo & Diederich (onHypotrachynaspecies, also known from the Canary Islands and from Papua New Guinea),Llimoniella pubescensEtayo & Diederich (onLeprariaspecies, also from Scotland and Papua New Guinea),Polycoccum microcarpumDiederich & Etayo (onCladoniaspecies, also from Scotland),Skyttea megalosporaeEtayo & Diederich (onMegalospora tuberculosa),Sphaerellothecium cinerascensEtayo & Diederich (onCladonia parasitica) andS. parmeliaeDiederich & Etayo (onParmelias. str., also from Finland) are described as new.     

化石菌类的分类系统

讨论化石菌类及其孢子的分类系统,即自然分类及人为分类系统,自然分类系统在孢粉学发展初期曾被广泛采用,随着孢粉学的发展,一些化石菌类缺乏明显的自然属性,其分类采用人为分类系统,Elsik依据细胞数目及萌发器特征首次建立了化石菌类的人类分类系统,但该分类系统未被广泛接受,Norris研究了加拿大第三纪菌类化石,但他未将菌类孢子的形态属归入相应的科、目和纲,宋之琛主要根据菌类孢子的萌发器特征,建立了菌类孢子分类系统,并将菌类孢子及其遗留体分为以下类型：无萌发器类型,单孔类型,双孔类型,三孔类型或三岐菌丝类型,子囊果状或多细胞类型及其他,依据宋之琛及Elsik分类系统及隔壁孔的特征,系统整理了已发现的中国第三纪化石菌类孢子,并将其归入相应的分类位置。     

FOUR NEW SPECIES OF THRAUSTOCHYTRIUM FROM ANTARCTIC REGIONS,WITH NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF ZOOSPORIC FUNGI IN THE ANTARCTIC MARINE ECOSYSTEMS

New species of the obligately marine Thraustochytriaceae Sparrow were discovered in subantarctic and antarctic waters of the southeastern Indian Ocean, the southwestern Pacific Ocean, and the antarctic Ross Sea during two cruises of the research vessel USNS ELTANIN. The life cycles of four species of Thraustochytrium in seawater-pollen and/or seawater-brine shrimp larvae cultures are described. Thraustochytrium antarcticum sp. nov. develops sporangia that may proliferate from a single basal rudiment. Flagellated zoospores are liberated from the sporangium upon complete disintegration of the sporangial wall at maturity. Thraustochytrium rossii sp. nov. and T. kerguelensis sp. nov. are both similar in that they develop sporangia that may proliferate from more than one basal rudiment. The latter species releases flagellated zoospores upon complete disintegration of the sporangial wall, but the former species liberates a mass of individually immobile zoospores from the sporangium. These remain quiescent for several hours before they swim away one after another. The protoplast of Thraustochytrium amoeboidum sp. nov. leaves the sporangium through a pore as an amoeboid body which then gives rise to nonflagellated amoebospores by successive bipartitioning. Laterally biflagellate thraustochytrioid zoospores were also observed, but the way in which they are formed remains to be determined. Zoosporic and aplanosporic phycomycetes were recovered from water samples collected in the Subtropical, Subantarctic, and Antarctic Zones of the Southern Ocean. Highest numbers of phycomycete propagules were found in antarctic waters near the Antarctic Convergence during ELTANIN's Cruise 51. In the Subtropical and Subantarctic (but not in the Antarctic) Zones fungal population densities increased with proximity to continents or islands. At each station where phycomycetes were recovered, highest numbers of propagules were generally found in the surface layers (25–250 m) of the ocean below the photic zone (lower limit 30–60 m). This peculiar distribution may indicate that phycomycetes are engaged in decomposing substances derived from the photic zone.     

丛枝菌根真菌一新种--枣庄球囊霉

在鲁西南煤矿土中分离到球囊霉属一新种--枣庄球囊霉.为新种提供了拉丁文简介、中文描述和显微照片,标本保存于莱阳农学院菌根生物技术实验室.     

丛枝菌根真菌一新种——枣庄球囊霉*

在鲁西南煤矿土中分离到球囊霉属一新种——枣庄球囊霉。为新种提供了拉丁文简介、中文描述和显微照片,标本保存于莱阳农学院菌根生物技术实验室。     

侵染双翅目昆虫的新种、新记录、新组合及新修订

记录了最近在中国记载的侵染双翅目昆虫的虫霉目两个新种,毛蚊虫疠霉(Pandora bibionis)发现于浙江庆元的毛蚊(Bibio sp),其初生分生孢子拟卵形,多对称144～20.5×7.2～11.5μm(平均16．5～174×8.4～10.4μm), L／D 1.4～2.3(平均1.7～2.0);假根2倍粗于分生孢子梗,末端膨大为吸盘状固着器;休眠孢子外壁刺毛状,19．1～23.4μm。食蚜蝇干尸霉(Tarichium syrphis)发现于陕西镇坪县的斑翅狭口食蚜蝇上,其休眠孢子外被圆锥形长刺,长2.2～5.0μm,直径21.2～28.1μm。在毛蠓上发现中国新记录胶孢虫疠霉,并根据本文所采用的Humber(1989)系统,将其组合为胶孢虫瘴霉(Furia gloeosora comb. Nov.);此外,还将北虫疫霉(Erynia borea)组合为北虫疠霉(Pandoraborea comb. Nov.),并同时给予修订。