Bt杀虫基因与Bt转基因抗虫植物研究进展

苏云金杆菌是一类非常重要的昆虫病原体,它能产生特异性的杀虫结晶蛋白,对农业上和生物医学上的许多有害的昆虫有毒杀作用,这些害虫包括鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、螨类和线虫。近三十年来,以苏云金杆菌为基础的生物杀虫剂已在世界范围内商业化用于防治重要经济作物的害虫。近年来有关Bt基因的遗传、分子生物学和基因工程已取得显著进展。本文对苏云金杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因的分类和杀虫机理及用该类基因构建的工程转基因植物研究状况作一简要综述,同时对Bt基因工程存在的潜在问题和解决途径作了简单的探讨。     

Bt杀虫基因与Bt转基因抗虫植物研究进展

苏云金杆菌是一类非常重要的昆虫病原体,它能产生特异性的杀虫结晶蛋白,对农业上和生物医学上的许多有害的昆虫有毒杀作用,这些害虫包括鳞翅目、双翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目、螨类和线虫。近三十年来,以苏云金杆菌为基础的生物杀虫剂已在世界范围内商业化用于防治重要经济作物的害虫。近年来有关Ｂｔ基因的遗传、分子生物学和基因工程已取得显著进展。本文对苏云金杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因的分类和杀虫机理及用该类基因构建的工程转基因植物研究状况作一简要综述,同时对Ｂｔ基因工程存在的潜在问题和解决途径作了简单的探讨。     

苏云金芽胞杆菌基因组研究

苏云金芽胞杆菌制剂是目前世界上产量最大、使用最广的微生物杀虫剂.近年来,国内外研究人员在苏云金芽胞杆菌的功能基因组学领域开展了深入的研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果.本文拟就苏云金芽胞杆菌的基因组、转录组、蛋白质组及代谢组研究进展进行简要论述.     

苏云金芽胞杆菌转录调控因子CodY的体外靶基因的筛选

【目的】利用Avi-tag和Pulldown技术建立体外靶基因筛选的新方法,在苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1520基因组范围内进行体外高通量筛选转录调控因子CodY的靶基因,为深入研究CodY在苏云金芽胞杆菌中的功能及调控网络打下基础。【方法】用Avi-tag技术对CodY蛋白进行体外生物素标记,酶切苏云金芽胞杆菌YBT-1520总DNA并在两端加上便于测序的adapter序列,用链霉亲和素树脂筛选与CodY蛋白相互作用的靶基因。【结果】在苏云金芽胞杆菌中得到了46条CodY可以直接作用的靶序列,分析发现CodY在苏云金芽胞杆菌中主要调控氨基酸代谢、糖代谢、脂肪酸代谢、转运、调控、DNA修复、双组份调控等的转录。【结论】本研究采用的Avi-tag技术具有特异性强、操作简单、成本低等优势,为转录因子体外靶序列的高通量筛选提供新的方法;苏云金芽胞杆菌中CodY靶基因的筛选为其他微生物中CodY的功能研究打下基础。     

紫外线诱变苏云金芽孢杆菌最佳条件探索

为寻找高毒性的苏云金芽孢杆菌(BT菌)菌株,我们用紫外线对苏云金芽孢杆菌的库尔斯塔克亚种进行诱变,再对得到的突变菌株进行筛选,得到高毒性的菌株。本文设计实验,先对苏云金芽孢杆菌进行生长曲线的测定和表征,再通过控制变量法对苏云金芽孢杆菌进行外线诱变,最后总结出最佳的诱变条件。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子研究进展

近年来的研究发现苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子和许多毒力因子可能是紧密联系的。由于转座因子的特殊性质,使它们在现代农业生物技术中有着广泛的应用前景,科学家对苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子的研究也在不断深入。本文主要针对苏云金芽孢杆菌转座因子的研究进展进行综述,并对发展前景进行展望。     

利用PCR技术直接鉴定苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因型的快速方法

根据PCR程序中热变性温度可使菌体裂解,释放出DNA的原理,利用苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白不同基因型的特异混合引物,对苏云金芽孢杆菌营养体直接进行PCR分析。根据不同基因型的特异扩增产物片段的分子量大小便可直接确定该苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫晶体蛋白的基因型。本文对本室筛选天然菌株和苏云金芽孢杆菌克隆菌株分别进行了cryl基因的PCR分析。表明,该法结果可靠快速易行,在方法学上,为苏云金芽孢杆菌菌株鉴定、新菌株的筛选和基因型分析提供了极大的方便。     

苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫活性的增效机制研究进展

为了克服苏云金芽孢杆菌（Bacillius thuringiensis, Bt）制剂在实践过程中存在的速效性差、持效期短、防效不稳定以及使害虫逐渐产生抗药性等诸多缺陷,各类添加剂已经被广泛应用于防治过程中以起到增效作用。就目前国内外已开展的各类添加剂对苏云金芽孢杆菌杀虫活性的增效机制和方式的研究进行了概述,并指出其作用方式的潜在可能与途径,以期为苏云金芽孢杆菌生物农药作用机制的研究提供参考。     

我国森林土壤中苏云金芽孢杆菌生态分布的研究

从我国8个森林立地带(寒温带、中温带、暖温带、北亚热带、中亚热带、南亚热带、高原亚热带、热带)所属的13个自然保护区,采集了0—5cm土层林下土壤样品384个.测定了土壤pH、水分和养分.从中分离观察芽孢杆菌菌落1873个,分离出苏云金芽孢杆菌79株,并对其所属亚种进行了初步鉴定.其平均出土率和分离率分别为14.32%和4.21%.研究了芽孢杆菌和苏云金芽孢杆菌在森林土壤中生态分布的规律及苏云金芽孢杆菌对6种昆虫的室内毒力测定,从中筛选出不少的高效菌株.为研究苏云金芽孢杆菌在我国森林生态系中资源的保护、开发和利用,具有重要意义.     

4种细菌芽胞中α/β-SASP分子结构对比分析

认识和描述不同细菌芽胞α/β-SASP的分子结构特征,为深入开展以α/β-SASP为靶向修饰的应用技术提供科学依据.运用生物信息学方法和技术,比对分析4种菌株,炭疽芽胞杆菌Ames 株、苏云金芽胞杆菌serovar konkukian 97-27 株、腊样芽胞杆菌ATCC 10987株、枯草芽胞杆菌168 株的α/β-SASP基因及蛋白质一、二、三级结构的异同.基因-ClustalW2;一级结构-ClustalW2和ProtParam tool;二级结构-SOPMA;三级结构-SWISS-MODEL和Swiss-Pdbviewer4.0.1.4种菌株的α/β-SASP基因及蛋白质一、二、三级结构有明显的同源性,炭疽芽胞、苏云金芽胞和腊样芽胞的生物学特征非常相似.在开展细菌芽胞的α/β-SASP基因及生物效应研究时,可以首选苏云金杆菌芽胞或腊样杆菌芽胞作为炭疽杆菌芽胞的试验菌,其次可以选择枯草杆菌芽胞.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.