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1.
D. A. Balashov A. V. Recoubratsky L. N. Duma E. V. Ivanekha V. V. Duma 《Russian Journal of Developmental Biology》2017,48(5):347-353
Fertility of backcross triploid hybrids containing one genome of Prussian carp and two genomes of common carp is investigated. The females of hybrids of Prussian carp and common carp (Prussian × common carp) are prolific and produce diploid gametes. Since males of such hybrids are sterile, their reproduction is realized by means of induced gynogenesis. Triploid progeny is obtained by backcrossing female Prussian × common carp with carp males. Among triploids obtained from hybrids F1 and among hybrids of the first gynogenetic generation, there were no prolific specimens. However, in reproduction of diploid hybrids by means of gynogenesis during six generations, the female fertility in the backcross progeny is restored. From backcross triploid females (daughters of Prussian × common carp of the sixth gynogenetic generation), a viable triploid gynogenetic progeny and a tetraploid backcross (by carp) progeny are obtained. The obtained data may be considered as the experimental proof of the hypothesis of reticular speciation. 相似文献
2.
R. I. Ludanny G. G. Chrisanfova V. K. Prizenko A. K. Bogeruk S. K. Semyenova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(5):572-577
Using five microsatellite loci, genotyping and genetic diversity estimates were obtained for nine samples representing seven
common carp breeds most widespread in Russia. For comparison, the samples of Amur wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) and a sample of European Hungarian carp were used. In the samples examined (n = 148) a total of 78 alleles were revealed. The highest mean allele number per locus (7.3) was identified in Amur wild common
carp, while the lowest number was found in Cherepets carps (4.0). In different breeds, the observed heterozygosities varied
from 0.819 (Altai carp) to 0.651 (Cherepets scaly carp). Three out of five microsatellite loci (MFW-24, MFW-28, and MFW-19) revealed a high level of population differentiation. In the dendrogram of genetic differences, all breeds clustered into
two groups. One of these groups was composed of the two strains of Ropsha carp, Stavropol carp, Amur wild common carp, and
the two samples of Cherepets carp. The second cluster included Altai carp (Priobskii and Chumysh populations), two Angelinskii
carp breeds (mirror and scaly), and Hungarian carp. The pairs of breeds/populations/strains, having common origin, were differentiated.
Specifically, these were two populations of Altai carp, two strains of Ropsha carp, as well as the breeds of Angelinskii and
Cherepets carps. The reasons for genetic differentiation of Russian common carp breeds, as well as the concordance of the
evolutionary histories of these breeds, some of which originated from the European breeds, while the others contain substantial
admixture of the Amur wild common carp, are discussed. 相似文献
3.
O. A. Torgunakova V. E. Chrisanfov V. K. Prizenko A. K. Bogeruk T. A. Egorova S. K. Semyenova 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2012,48(1):93-100
Polymorphism of the mitochondrial cyt b gene was examined in 35 individuals of common carp and wild common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). The fish examined represented two natural populations from Khabarovsk krai (Ac and Am), Volga wild common carp, Don
wild common carp, and two common carp breeds, Ropsha (strains BB and MM) common carp and Hungarian common carp. The highest
level of nucleotide (π) and haplotype (h) diversity was detected in two strains of Ropsha common carp (MM, π = 0.67%, h = 0.7; and BB, π = 0.21%, h = 0.9) and in one population (Am) of Amur wild common carp (π = 0.26%; h = 0.6). The second population of Amur wild common carp (Ac) and Hungarian common carp were characterized by lower variation
estimates (π = 0.035%, h = 0.4; and π = 0.09%, h = 0.7, respectively). Genetic homogeneity was demonstrated for the populations of Volga and Don wild common carp (π = 0,
h = 0). In the sample of the cyt b sequences examined, three lineages were identified. Lineages I and II united all haplotypes of the Am Amur wild common carp
along with two haplotypes of Ropsha common carp, strain MM. The third lineage (III) was formed by the haplotypes of three
individuals of Ropsha common carp strain MM, all representatives of Ropsha common carp strain BB, Hungarian common carp, Ac
Amur wild common carp, and Don and Volga wild common carps. Statistically significant amino acid differences were observed
only for the sequences, corresponding to haplotypes of lineage III, and the sum of sequences of lineages I and II. Effectiveness
of different types of markers to differentiate the two subspecies of European and Amur wild common carp (C. c. carpio and C. c. haematopterus) is discussed, as well as the issues of the origin and dispersal of Russian common carp and wild common carp breeds. 相似文献
4.
Hypoxia tolerance of diploid gynogenetic and triploid backcross hybrids between golden carp Carassius auratus and carp Cyprinus carpio was investigated in comparison with carp. The more that heredity of golden carp was in their genotype, the better the hybrids
survived under hypoxia conditions. 相似文献
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6.
Jung Eun Kim In Bon Goo Ju-ae Hwang Hyeong Su Kim Hye-Sung Choi Jeong-Ho Lee 《Genes & genomics.》2018,40(6):635-642
In aquaculture, cultured fish often undergo continuous cross-fertilization without any inflow of new broodstock. This lowers genetic diversity, leading to increased disease rates and decreased survival rates. To improve the mass production and easy culture of Israeli carp, it is essential to investigate the population structure and genetic diversity of these fish. However, such a survey has not yet been performed on Korean Israeli carp. In this study, we used seven microsatellite markers to analyze the genetic diversity and association of cultured Israeli carp from Korea and China. The average numbers of alleles per locus (N A ) for two Korean (KorA and KorB) and two Chinese (ChA and ChB) populations were as follows: KorA (10.42), KorB (14.43), ChA (20.57) and ChB (20.71). The expected heterozygosity (H e ) ranged from 0.672 to 0.897 and from 0.827 to 0.938 in the Korean sample and Chinese sample respectively. The genetic diversity of the Korean Israeli carp was about half that of the Chinese carp. The diversity of the Korean Israeli carp was very low, suggesting that the immunity of this population could be weak, and that diversity–recovery studies are urgently needed. Therefore, our results may therefore form the foundation for future research efforts towards genetic monitoring and selective breeding, continuous research needs to be conducted in order to recover the genetic diversity of the Korean Israeli carp. 相似文献
7.
Long-term potentiation of synaptic transmission is considered to be an elementary process underlying the cellular mechanism of memory formation. In the present study we aimed to examine whether or not the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapses in the carp olfactory bulb show plastic changes after their repeated activation. It was found that: (1) the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapses showed three types of plasticity after tetanic electrical stimulation applied to the olfactory tract—long-term potentiation (potentiation lasting >1 h), short-term potentiation (potentiation lasting <1 h) and post-tetanic potentiation (potentiation lasting <10 min); (2) Long-term potentiation was generally induced when both the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapses and centrifugal fiber-to-granule cell synapses were repeatedly and simultaneously activated; (3) long-term enhancement (>1 h) of the odor-evoked bulbar response accompanied the electrically-induced LTP, and; (4) repeated olfactory stimulation enhanced dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell transmission. Based on these results, it was proposed that long-term potentiation (as well as olfactory memory) occurs at the dendrodendritic mitral-to-granule cell synapses after strong and long-lasting depolarization of granule cells, which follows repeated and simultaneous synaptic activation of both the peripheral and deep dendrites (or somata). 相似文献
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10.
Blair MW Buendía HF Giraldo MC Métais I Peltier D 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2008,118(1):91-103
Polymorphism of microsatellite markers is often associated with the simple sequence repeat motif targeted. AT-rich microsatellites
tend to be highly variable and this appears to be notable, especially in legume genomes. To analyze the value of AT-rich microsatellites
for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), we developed a total of 85 new microsatellite markers, 74 of which targeted ATA or other AT-rich motif loci and 11 of
which were made for GA, CA or CAC motif loci. We evaluated the loci for the level of allelic diversity in comparison to previously
characterized microsatellites using a panel of 18 standard genotypes and genetically mapped any loci polymorphic in the DOR364 × G19833
population. The majority of the microsatellites produced single bands and detected single loci, however, 15 of the AT-rich
microsatellites produced multiple or double banding patterns; while only one of the GA or CA-rich microsatellites did. The
polymorphism information content (PIC) values averaged 0.892 and 0.600 for the AT and ATA motif microsatellites, respectively,
but only 0.140 for the CA-rich microsatellites. GA microsatellites, which had a large average number of repeats, had high
to intermediate PIC, averaging 0.706. A total of 45 loci could be genetically mapped and distribution of the loci across the
genome was skewed towards non-distal locations with a greater prevalence of loci on linkage groups b02, b09 and b11. AT-rich
microsatellites were found to be a useful source of polymorphic markers for mapping and diversity assessment in common bean
that appears to uncover higher diversity than other types of simple sequence repeat markers. 相似文献
11.
Xianhu Zheng Youyi Kuang Weihua Lv Dingchen Cao Zhipeng Sun Wu Jin Xiaowen Sun 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2017,60(3):287-297
Quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping is frequently used to understand the genetic architecture of quantitative traits. Herein, we performed a genome scan for QTL affecting the morphometric characters in eight full-sib families containing 522 individuals using different statistical methods (Sib-pair and half-sib model). A total of 194 QTLs were detected in 25 different regions on 10 linkage groups (LGs). Among them, 37 QTLs on five LGs (eight, 13, 24, 40 and 45) were significant (5% genome-wide level), while the remaining 40 (1% chromosome-wide level) and 117 (5% chromosome-wide level) indicated suggestive effect on those traits. Heritabilities for most morphometric traits were moderate to high, ranging from 0.21 to 0.66, with generally strong phenotypic and genetic correlations between the traits. A large number of QTLs for morphometric traits were co-located, consistent with their high correlations, and may reflect pleiotropic effect on the same genes. Biological pathways were mapped for possible candidate genes on QTL regions. One significantly enriched pathway was identified on LG45, which had a P-value of 0.04 and corresponded to the “regulation of actin cytoskeleton pathway”. The results are expected to be useful in marker-assisted selection (MAS) and provide valuable information for the study of gene pathway for morphometric and growth traits of the common carp. 相似文献
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Heparan sulfate proteoglycans play a vital role in signaling of various growth factors in both Drosophila and vertebrates. In Drosophila, mutations in the tout
velu (ttv) gene, a homolog of the mammalian EXT1 tumor suppressor gene, leads to abrogation of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) biosynthesis. This impairs distribution and signaling
activities of various morphogens such as Hedgehog (Hh), Wingless (Wg), and Decapentaplegic (Dpp). Mutations in members of
the exostosin (EXT) gene family lead to hereditary multiple exostosis in humans leading to bone outgrowths and tumors. In this study, we provide
genetic and biochemical evidence that the human EXT1 (hEXT1) gene is conserved through species and can functionally complement the ttv mutation in Drosophila. The hEXT1 gene was able to rescue a ttv null mutant to adulthood and restore GAG biosynthesis. 相似文献
14.
Molecular cloning of the complement regulatory factor I isotypes from the common carp (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cyprinus carpio</Emphasis>) 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
Factor I is a novel serine protease that regulates complement activation. Here we report the complete primary structure of two isotypic factor Is isolated from the common carp ( Cyprinus carpio), a pseudotetraploid teleost. A carp hepatopancreas cDNA library was screened using two RT-PCR-amplified cDNA fragments encoding part of the carp factor I-like serine protease domain. Two distinct cDNA clones, designated FI-A and FI-B, were isolated. Their deduced amino acid sequences share 75.2% identity with each other. FI-A has a typical factor I-like domain organization composed of two disulfide-linked polypeptides (H-chain and L-chain). On the other hand, FI-B contains a novel sequence of 115 amino acids inserted at the N-terminus of the H-chain. Genomic Southern hybridization suggests that FI-A and FI-B are encoded by distinct genes in the carp genome. Expression analysis by RT-PCR revealed that the major site of FI-A expression is the ovary, whereas FI-B expression is detected mainly in the hepatopancreas at a level higher than that of FI-A. The present data, taken together, suggest that carp have duplicated genes coding for factor I, and FI-B with the novel insertion plays a dominant role in the complement system. In addition, homology search of the fugu genome database using the carp FI-A and FI-B sequences identified a putative fugu factor I gene, which has an exon/intron organization different from that of the human orthologue. 相似文献
15.
Lucentini Livia Vercillo Francesca Palomba Antonella Panara Fausto Ragni Bernardino 《Conservation Genetics》2007,8(3):757-759
A non-invasive genetic approach has been recently employed in the population genetics of wild species, using faeces that could
be easily collected, particularly of elusive or endangered species. However, faeces of pine (Martes martes) and beech marten (M. foina) can be morphologically similar and could be confused with those of polecat (Mustela putorius) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). On this basis, a rapid, simple and inexpensive RFLP protocol using a cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene fragment of mtDNA, isolated from faecal samples, was performed to distinguish the above-mentioned species. 相似文献
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Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis occurs mainly in the arid regions of northwest China. The wood stands of this subspecies play an important role in maintaining
the local ecosystems in these regions. In addition, the genetic characteristics are essential to understand the historical
range changes of this subspecies and its morphological differentiation with other subspecies. In this study, we developed
nine microsatellite loci for this subspecies for the first time. We used the combining biotin capture method to enrich AG/CT/AC/GT/CG/GTG/CCA
microsatellites. Twenty-six microsatellites were isolated from the enriching library and nine of them were found to be polymorphic
through screening 12 distantly distributed individuals. The number of alleles per locus ranged from three to twelve and expected
heterozygosity from 0.2659 to 0.4767, respectively. We further performed cross-priming tests in another subspecies and two
congeneric species. These firstly isolated loci will provide a useful tool to investigate the genetic structure of this subspecies
and its morphological differentiation from the other subspecies. 相似文献
18.
Salenko VB Kotnova AP Karpova NN Lyubomirskaya NV Ilyin YV 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2008,279(5):463-472
Mobile genetic elements constitute a substantial part of eukaryotic genome and play an important role in its organization
and functioning. Co-evolution of retrotransposons and their hosts resulted in the establishment of control systems employing
mechanisms of RNA interference that seem to be impossible to evade. However, “active” copies of endogenous retrovirus gypsy escape cellular control in some cases, while its evolutionary elder “inactive” variants do not. To clarify the evolutionary
relationship between “active” and “inactive” gypsy we combined two approaches: the analysis of gypsy sequences, isolated from G32 Drosophila melanogaster strain and from different Drosophila species of the melanogaster subgroup, as well as the study of databases, available on the Internet. No signs of “intermediate” (between “active” and
“inactive”) gypsy form were found in GenBank, and four full-size G32 gypsy copies demonstrated a convergence that presumably involves gene conversion. No “active” gypsy were revealed among PCR generated gypsy ORF3 sequences from the various Drosophila species indicating that “active” gypsy appeared in some population of D. melanogaster and then started to spread out. Analysis of sequences flanking gypsy variants in G32 revealed their predominantly heterochromatic location. Discrepancy between the structure of actual gypsy sites in G32 and corresponding sequences in database might indicate significant inter-strain heterochromatin diversity.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
19.
In the presence of size-selective fish daphnids were shown to exhibit two alternative inducible defence strategies: They may
either escape predation by active migration or adopt a life history strategy, e.g., reproduce earlier and at a smaller size.
Depending on the type of habitat, migration may either be vertically (in deep stratified lakes) or horizontally (in shallow
lakes with macrophytes) oriented. Concerning behavioural defence strategies, daphnids living in medium-deep, weakly stratified
water bodies with a poorly developed littoral face a dilemma, since the littoral provides no shelter and the availability
of a deep-water refuge is unpredictable. We studied the population dynamics, life history changes (size at maturity) and daytime
vertical distribution of Daphnia galeata in a weakly stratified reservoir in relation to predation by juvenile fish during 6 years. While temperature gradients were
usually small, oxygen concentrations suggest that a low-oxygen refuge for daphnids was available in every year to some extent.
Our results indicate that, depending on predation intensity and stratification patterns, daphnids exhibit both, behavioural
and life history defences. In years with a high biomass of young-of-the-year (YOY) perch Daphnia abundance declined rapidly at the end of the clear water stage while at the same time the vertical distribution at daytime
shifted to deep strata providing a low-oxygen refuge and the size at maturity decreased. However, while the life history response
in some years lasted throughout most of the summer period, a shift in daytime vertical distribution was exhibited for much
shorter periods. Both traits were much less expressed in years with low YOY fish densities and no negative correlation between
them could be verified. We suggest that under high predation pressure in this relatively shallow reservoir no strictly alternative
(either behavioural or life history) strategies exist, but that daphnids make use of the full range of possible anti-predator
defences available, at least during short periods when predation is most intense.
Guest editor: Piet Spaak
Cladocera: Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Cladocera 相似文献
20.
Stefanie Kimbacher Ingrid Gerstl Branko Velimirov Sylvia Hagemann 《Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG》2009,282(2):165-172
P transposons belong to the eukaryotic DNA transposons, which are transposed by a cut and paste mechanism using a P-element-coded transposase. They have been detected in Drosophila, and reside as single copies and stable homologous sequences in many vertebrate species. We present the P elements Pcin1, Pcin2 and Pcin3 from Ciona intestinalis, a species of the most primitive chordates, and compare them with those from Ciona savignyi. They showed typical DNA transposon structures, namely terminal inverted repeats and target site duplications. The coding
region of Pcin1 consisted of 13 small exons that could be translated into a P-transposon-homologous protein. C. intestinalis and C. savignyi displayed nearly the same phenotype. However, their P elements were highly divergent and the assumed P transposase from C. intestinalis was more closely related to the transposase from Drosophila melanogaster than to the transposase of C. savignyi. The present study showed that P elements with typical features of transposable DNA elements may be found already at the base of the chordate lineage.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献