还原型谷胱甘肽联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱对急性药物性肝损伤患者肝功能、肝纤维化指标及血清炎性因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨还原型谷胱甘肽联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱对急性药物性肝损伤（ADILI）患者肝功能、肝纤维化指标及血清炎性因子的影响。方法：选择2017年1月~2019年3月期间我院收治的ADILI患者100例,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和联合组,各50例。对照组给予多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗,联合组给予还原型谷胱甘肽联合多烯磷脂酰胆碱治疗,对比两组疗效、肝功能指标[谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷草转氨酶（AST）、总胆红素（TBIL）和谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）]、肝纤维化指标[层粘连蛋白（LN）、III型前胶原（PC-III）、IV型胶原（IV-C）、透明质酸酶（HA）]、血清炎性因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白介素-2（IL-2）]及不良反应。结果：对照组的总有效率为76.00%（38/50）,联合组的总有效率为94.00%（47/50）,联合组的总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,两组ALT、AST、TBIL、GGT、LN、PC-III、IV-C、HA、IL-2、TNF-α、IL-6水平均较治疗前下降,且联合组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗期间不良反应发生率比较无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：在多烯磷脂酰胆碱基础上,联合还原型谷胱甘肽治疗ADILI患者,疗效较好,可改善肝功能和肝纤维化指标,减轻机体炎症反应,且安全可靠。     

硫丹对小鼠红细胞免疫功能的影响

为了探讨有机氯农药硫丹对小鼠(Mus musculus)红细胞免疫功能的影响,设计了体内、外两组实验。体内实验:将40只小鼠随机分成4组,灌胃硫丹的量依次为:0、0.4、1.6、6.4mg/(kg·d)。灌胃25d后,取血测定红细胞的免疫功能。体外实验:将9只小鼠的红细胞分别与不同浓度的硫丹在体外培养,实验设空白对照组、溶剂丙酮组和4个不同浓度硫丹组,其6组实验所用硫丹的量依次为:0、0、5、10、20、40μg/ml。体外培养2h后,测定红细胞免疫粘附能力。结果表明,在活体实验中,随着硫丹浓度的增加,小鼠红细胞C3b受体花环率(ratio of C3b rosetting,C3bRR)明显下降,依硫丹灌胃浓度由低到高,其C3bRR依次为7.78%、6.80%、4.96%、4.33%;而循环免疫复合物花环率(ratio of immune complexes rosetting,ICRR)随着硫丹浓度升高而升高,分别为6.69%、6.31%、7.86%、9.42%。红细胞促NK细胞活性的功能在各组间没有显著差异。硫丹6.4mg/(kg·d)组小鼠红细胞对T淋巴细胞免疫粘附促进能力较其他3组明显降低。血浆中红细胞天然免疫促进因子活性在1.6mg/(kg·d)组和6.4mg/(kg·d)组较0mg/(kg·d)组明显降低。与溶剂丙酮组相比,血浆中红细胞天然免疫抑制因子活性在0.4mg/(kg·d)组明显下降,而在6.4mg/(kg·d)组却明显升高。离体红细胞经硫丹处理后其C3bRR显著降低,4个硫丹处理组依其浓度由低到高,C3bRR依次为:6.14%、5.56%、5.06%、4.44%;而ICRR却显著升高,分别为6.69%、6.31%、7.86%、9.42%。这表明,硫丹能抑制小鼠红细胞免疫粘附能力和红细胞对T淋巴细胞的正向调节功能,降低血浆中红细胞天然免疫促进因子活性,而对抑制因子活性影响比较复杂,低剂量时起抑制作用,而高剂量时能促进其活性。     

轮状病毒感染性腹泻患儿血清CRP、心肌酶谱、肝功能的检测意义

目的:探究轮状病毒感染性腹泻患儿血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、心肌酶谱、肝功能指标的检测意义。方法:选择2014年1月~2016年5月我院收治的110例轮状病毒感染致腹泻患儿及同期收治的85例细菌感染性腹泻患儿为研究对象,另外选择20名同期于我院体检的年龄、性别相匹配的健康幼儿为对照。比较三组人群血清C反应蛋白、白介素6、肌钙蛋白(hs-c Tn T)、肌酸激酶(CK)、同工酶(CL-MB)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平的差异及轮状病毒感染致腹泻患儿外损伤的发生情况。结果:轮状病毒感染(RV)组患儿下呼吸道感染、皮疹、心肌损伤以及肝功能损伤的发生率均显著高于细菌感染组(P0.05);RV组和细菌感染组组患儿的血清CRP、IL-6水平均显著高于健康对照组,RV组患儿的上述指标显著低于细菌感染组(P0.05);RV组患者肌钙蛋白(hs-c Tn T)、肌酸激酶(CK)、同工酶(CL-MB)、门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)水平均显著高于细菌感染组及健康对照组患儿(P0.05),细菌感染组患儿上述指标与健康对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:血清CRP、心肌酶谱、肝功能指标联合检测对于早期轮状病毒感染性腹泻与细菌感染性腹泻的鉴别诊断有一定的参考价值。     

Effect of Cholesterol Depletion and Temperature on the Isolation of Detergent-Resistant Membranes from Human Erythrocytes

Transient lateral microdomains or lipid rafts play important roles in many physiological membrane-mediated cell processes. Detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) are good models for the study of lipid rafts. Here we report that DRMs can be obtained by treating human erythrocytes with the nonionic detergents Triton X-100 or octaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C₁₂E₈) at 37°C, and by treatment at 4°C of cholesterol-depleted erythrocytes. Electron paramagnetic resonance with spin labels inserted at different membrane depths (5- and 16-doxyl stearic acids, 5-SASL and 16-SASL) were used to measure the order parameter (S) of the cell membranes and DRMs. We previously reported significantly higher S values in DRMs with respect to intact erythrocyte membranes. Here we show that higher S values were still measurable in DRMs prepared from intact erythrocytes at 37°C, or from cholesterol-depleted cells at 4°C, for both detergents. For 5-SASL only, increased S values were measured in 4°C DRMs obtained from cholesterol-depleted versus intact erythrocytes. Flotillin-2, a protein marker of lipid rafts, was found in DRMs from intact cells in trace amounts but it was sensitively increased in C₁₂E₈ DRMs prepared at 4°C from cholesterol-depleted erythrocytes, while the membrane-skeletal proteins spectrin and actin were excluded from both Triton X-100 and C₁₂E₈ DRMs. However, contrary to the 4°C treatment results, flotillin-2 and stomatin were not resistant to Triton X-100 and C₁₂E₈ treatment at physiological temperature. The role of cholesterol in DRMs formation is discussed and the results presented provide further support for the use of C₁₂E₈ to the study of DRMs.     

Effect of Molybdenum Nanoparticles on Blood Cells,Liver Enzymes,and Sexual Hormones in Male Rats

Despite an increasing surge in application of nanoparticles in industries, there is a serious lack of information concerning their impact on human health and the environment. The present study investigated effects of molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) injected intraperitoneally into Sprague-Dawley rats at different doses of Mo NPs (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg BW per day) during a period of 28 days. Hematological and biochemical parameters as well as sexual hormones and histopathological examinations of the liver and testis were assessed and compared with control group. The results showed that the serum levels of testosterone decreased significantly in both groups of 10 and 15 mg (Mo NPs)/kg BW in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). However, there were insignificant differences observed in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels and hematological parameters when compared with the control group (p > 0.05). The results of liver enzymes showed that serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) decreased significantly in both dosage groups of 5 and 10 mg/kg BW (Mo NPs) when compared with the control group (p < 0.05), and significant decrease obtained in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels at dose of 5 mg/kg BW in comparison with the control group (p < 0.05). The histopathological examination of testis showed a decrease in number of Leydig cells. Also, the number of chronic inflammatory cells increased in portal triad and parenchyma in liver tissue of rats exposed to Mo NPs.     

Effect of Newcastle Disease on Serum Copper, Zinc, Cholesterol, and Carotenoid Values in the Chick

Experimentally induced Newcastle disease virus infection of chicks, with a mortality index of 48%, was accompanied by increased concentrations in serum of copper and cholesterol and decreased concentrations of zinc and total carotenoids. These changes distorted, or were superimposed upon, the rhythmic variability in the normal serum concentrations of each of these moieties. Changing values for copper, zinc, and cholesterol became apparent before any overt signs of disease.     

Effects of Chromium Propionate on Egg Production,Egg Quality,Plasma Biochemical Parameters,and Egg Chromium Deposition in Late-Phase Laying Hens

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium propionate on egg production, egg quality, plasma biochemical parameters and egg chromium deposition in late-phase laying hens. Four hundred thirty-two 60-weeks old laying hens were divided into four groups of 108 birds per group according to egg production. The dietary treatments consisted of the basal diet adding with 0, 200, 400, and 600 μg/kg chromium as chromium propionate. All laying hens were given feed and water ad libitum for 8 weeks. The addition of 400 μg/kg Cr as chromium propionate increased egg production (P?<?0.01) during the later 4 weeks, but decreased albumen height, yolk color score, and Haugh unit of eggs. Six hundred micrograms per kilogram Cr as chromium propionate supplementation improved shell thickness (P?<?0.05). 200 μg/kg Cr as chromium propionate supplementation decreased the uric acid concentration by 31 % (P?<?0.05). However, supplemental Cr did not affect the egg chromium deposition of hens (P?>?0.05). These data indicated that feeding of late-phase laying hens with chromium propionate could improve egg production, increase eggshell thickness, but do not result in abnormal levels of chromium deposition in eggs.     

Function of the Glyoxylate-condensing Enzymes I. Growth of Escherichia coli on n-Valeric Acid

Growth of Escherichia coli E-26 on valeric acid results in the formation of a mutant population characterized by the ability to form constitutively several glyoxylate-condensing enzymes. This mutant also differs from the parent organism in the ability to effect rapid growth on a series of short-chain fatty acids. These mutants were utilized in postulating genetic relationships among the various glyoxylate-condensing activities and also in correlating the presence of these enzymes with the ability of the mutants to initiate growth quickly on short-chain fatty acids.     

Anthocyanin-Rich Juice Lowers Serum Cholesterol,Leptin, and Resistin and Improves Plasma Fatty Acid Composition in Fischer Rats

Obesity and obesity-associated diseases e.g. cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes are spread worldwide. Anthocyanins are supposed to have health-promoting properties, although convincing evidence is lacking. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of anthocyanins on several risk factors for obesity-associated diseases. Therefore, Fischer rats were fed anthocyanin-rich grape-bilberry juice or an anthocyanin-depleted control juice for 10 weeks. Intervention with anthocyanin-rich grape-bilberry juice reduced serum cholesterol and tended to decrease serum triglycerides. No effects were seen for serum non-esterified fatty acids, glucose, and insulin. Anthocyanin-rich grape-bilberry juice intervention reduced serum leptin and resistin, but showed no influence on serum adiponectin and secretion of adipokines from mesenteric adipose tissue. Furthermore, anthocyanin-rich grape-bilberry juice increased the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and decreased the amount of saturated fatty acids in plasma. These results indicate that anthocyanins possess a preventive potential for obesity-associated diseases.     

Effect of N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenyl-enediamine (DPPD) on Serum Triglyceride and Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Rats

Ancepsenolide (1a-s) and the enantiomer (1a-r) were respectively synthesized from (S)- and (R)-2-[(R)-O-MEM-mandeloyloxy]propanal (3a-s and 3a-r) and diisopropyl hexadecanedioate (5). The analogs (1b, 2a and 2b) were synthesized by a similar method.     

人血浆HDL对动脉粥样硬化家兔肝细胞膜 LDL受体活性影响的研究

高胆固醇饲料喂养造成的动脉粥样硬化（Ａｓ） 模型家兔通过静脉注射人血浆ＨＤＬ 制剂, 观察ＨＤＬ 对Ａｓ家兔肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ受体活性的影响． 结果发现, 摄取高胆固醇饲料的Ａｓ 家兔, 其肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ 受体 Ｋｄ 值虽无明显变化但Ｂｍａｘ 值显著减小（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１ , 与正常对照组比较） ; 注射ＨＤＬ 制剂后, Ａｓ 家兔肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ受体Ｋｄ 值仍无明显改变, 但Ｂｍａｘ 值却显著回升（ Ｐ＜ ０－０１ , 与高脂组比较） ． 表明人血浆ＨＤＬ 具有增加Ａｓ 家兔肝细胞膜ＬＤＬ 受体活性的作用．     

Effect of Rifampicin and Isoniazid on Liver Function

The effects of rifampicin and isoniazid on liver function have been studied in 63 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis; 29% showed abnormalities of serum aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT) and a similar percentage abnormalities of serum bilirubin. These usually occurred during the first 12 weeks of therapy. The average duration of the abnormalities was 14½ days, irrespective of whether treatment was interrupted or not.The relationship between raised SGOT and acetylator phenotype in a small number of patients suggests that those with raised SGOT are usually slow acetylator phenotypes. It seems that hepatic reactions in patients with previously normal liver function are usually mild and non-specific. However, patients who continue with rifampicin should be kept under close biochemical observation.     

Effects of Dietary Glutathione on Plasma and Liver Lipid Levels in Rats Fed on a High Cholesterol Diet

The effects of dietary glutathione (GSH) on plasma and liver lipid concentrations were investigated with rats fed on a high cholesterol diet. When graded levels of GSH, 0.75 to 5.0%, were added to the 25% casein basal diet, the plasma total cholesterol level was significantly decreased and the HDL-cholesterol level was inversely increased in all addition levels without influence on the growth of animals except for the 5% addition level; the dietary addition of 5% GSH markedly depressed the growth and food consumption of rats and caused a slight diarrhea. Plasma triglyceride and phospholipid levels were decreased by the dietary addition of GSH. The contents of cholesterol and triglyceride in the liver were decreased as the dietary addition level of GSH was increased. The dietary addition of a mixture of glutamic acid, cysteine and glycine, or cysteine alone corresponding to 2.5% GSH resulted in a cholesterol-lowering effect which could not be distinguished from the effect of GSH in rats fed on the 25% casein diet. When 1.5% GSH was added to a low (10%) casein diet, the plasma cholesterol-lowering effect of GSH was also observed and the effect was comparable to that of cysteine. These results indicate that dietary-added GSH has a plasma and liver cholesterol-lowering efficacy and that this effect is largely attributable to the cysteine residue of GSH rather than to the tripeptide itself or the other amino acid residues.     

Effect of Temperature and Surfactant on the Control Release of Microencapsulated Dye in Lecithin Liposomes. I

Abstract

The objective of our work has been the microencapsulation of dyes with lecithin from soybean, with the formation of liposomes, as a substitute for synthetic auxiliaries so as to improve the quality of the effluent. Current scenarios promote the disintegration and leakage of the liposomes, such as, changes in temperature, pH and the use of surfactants. Since dyeing process is a mix of all these parameters, we pretended to study each one separately. Rhodamine 6G fluorescence is known to be concentration quenched through the formation of non-fluorescent dimmers and, additionally, through the energy transfer from rhodamine monomer to these dimmers (Baptista ALF, Coutinho PJG, Real Oliveira MECD, Gomes JINR. Proceedings of 13th International Symposium of Surfactants, SIS 2000, Gainesville, USA, 2000). The temperature, the surfactant and pH induce a release of the encapsulated dye resulting in rhodamine dilution and consequently alterations in the dimerization/binding equilibrium. The experimental spectra indicate that rhodamine binds almost completely to liposomes. The decomposition of the rhodamine fluorescence spectra allowed us to determine the percentage of released dye during a simulated dyeing process, and allowed us to conclude that the dimerization process occurs mainly at the inner interfaces. The amount of dye released induced by temperature changes was greater in the presence of surfactant.     

烧伤患者血浆和红细胞游离氨基酸变化及输注氨基酸对其变化的影响

动态测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量 ,探讨输入外源性氨基酸后对血及红细胞内游离氨基酸的影响。以日立 835— 5 0型氨基酸自动分析仪测定烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果发现烧伤患者血浆总游离氨基酸浓度从伤后到 2 1天均显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;赖、苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值显著升高 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;色、组、精、丙、甘、苏、脯和丝氨酸比值显著降低 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;缬、亮、异亮、酪、胱和支链氨基酸伤后早期降低。烧伤患者红细胞内总游离氨基酸含量不同程度降低 ,其中 1、3、7天降低显著 (P <0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1) ;红细胞内苯丙和苯丙 酪氨酸比值未见显著性升高 ;色、蛋、精、脯氨酸含量很低或基本未测出。输注复合氨基酸注射液后未能显著改善患者血及红细胞内游离氨基酸含量。结果提示烧伤患者红细胞内游离氨基酸含量的变化趋势与血浆游离氨基酸变化趋势基本一致 ;烧伤后红细胞内苯丙氨酸及苯丙 酪氨酸比值有别于血浆变化。本研究条件下补充外源性氨基酸未能显著改变烧伤患者血浆及红细胞内游离氨基酸的含量     

Effect of isradipine,a dihydropyridine-calcium antagonist on I.V. self-administration of morphine in rats

The effect of dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist isradipine (PN 200-110) on morphine reinforcement has been investigated using i.v. self-administration test in rats. Rats were given the opportunity to self-administer a solution of morphine (1 mg/Ml, i.v.) in a 1 hr limited access paradigm (FR = 1). Within 5–7 days rats had learned to self-administer approximately 1 mg of morphine in 1 hr as evidenced by a plateau of responding. The administration of isradipine (1.2, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg s.c.) 90 min before the morphine self-administration session, induced dose-dependent increase in the number of morphine self-infusions with respect to basal values. This response pattern was very similar to the one observed when morphine solution was substituted by saline in trained rats not treated with isradipine. The results indicate that isradipine inhibits partially the reinforcing properties of morphine in self-administration test.