Peripheral arterial and venous response to tilt test after a 60-day bedrest with and without countermeasures (ES-IBREP)

We quantified the impact of 60-day head-down bed rest (HDBR) with countermeasures on arterial and venous response to tilt. Methods: Twenty-one males: 7 control (Con), 7 resistive vibration exercise (RVE) and 7 Chinese herb (Herb) were assessed. Subjects were identified as finisher (F) or non-finishers (NF) at the post-HDBR 20-min tilt test. The cerebral (MCA), femoral (FEM) arterial flow velocity and leg vascular resistance (FRI), the portal vein section (PV), the flow redistribution ratios (MCA/FEM; MCA/PV), the tibial (Tib), gastrocnemius (Gast), and saphenous (Saph) vein sections were measured by echography and Doppler ultrasonography. Arterial and venous parameters were measured at 3-min pre-tilt in the supine position, and at 1 min before the end of the tilt. Results: At post-HDBR tilt, MCA decreased more compared with pre-HDBR tilt in the Con, RVE, and Herb groups, the MCA/FEM tended to decrease in the Con and Herb groups (not significant) but remained stable in the RVE gr. FRI dropped in the Con gr, but remained stable in the Herb gr and increased in the RVE gr. PV decreased less in the Con and Herb groups but remained unchanged in the RVE gr. MCA/PV decreased in the Con and Herb groups, but increased to a similar extent in the RVE gr. Gast section significantly increased more in the Con gr only, whereas Tib section increased more in the Con and Herb groups but not in the RVE gr. The percent change in Saph section was similar at pre- and post-HDBR tilt. Conclusion: In the Con gr, vasoconstriction was reduced in leg and splanchnic areas. RVE and Herb contributed to prevent the loss of vasoconstriction in both areas, but the effect of RVE was higher. RVE and Herb contributed to limit Gast distension whereas only RVE had a protective effect on the Tib.     

应用超临界CO2流体萃取技术研究中药百里香挥发性化学成分

采用分析型超临界（CO2）流体萃取技术（SFE－CO2）与传统水蒸气蒸馏法（SD）,提取中药百里香挥发油,并通过气相色谱／质谱联用技术测定了提取物的化学成分。从中分别鉴定出61个50个化合物,主要包括：百里酚、石竹烯、桉油精、伞花醇、芳樟醇、豆甾醇等成分。     

新疆奇台荒漠类草地自然保护区主要植物群落及其特征

该文调查了新疆奇台荒漠类草地自然保护区的主要植被类型, 通过对65个样地的样方数据分析, 量化描述了该保护区的主要植物群落特征。该保护区内主要包括梭梭荒漠(Haloxylon ammodendron Semi-Arbor and Shrub Desert Alliance)、膜果麻黄荒漠(Ephedra przewalskii Simi-Arbor and Shrub Desert Alliance)、裸果木荒漠(Gymnocarpos przewalskii Simi-Arbor and Shrub Desert Alliance)、红砂荒漠(Reaumuria soongarica Simi-Arbor and Shrub Desert Alliance)、戈壁藜荒漠(Iljinia regelii Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert Alliance)、短叶假木贼荒漠(Anabasis brevifolia Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert Alliance)、短穗柽柳落叶阔叶灌丛(Tamarix laxa Deciduous Broadleaf Shrubland Alliance)、盐爪爪荒漠(Kalidium foliatum Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert Alliance)、灌木亚菊荒漠(Ajania fruticulosa Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert Alliance)、芨芨草草地(Achnatherum splendens Tussock Grassland Alliance)、窄颖赖草草地(Leymus angustus Rhizome Grassland Alliance)和芦苇草地(Phragmites australis Rhizome Grassland Alliance)共12个主要群系, 并进一步划分出15个群丛。     

Osservazioni Sull'embriologia di Nerine Rosea e di Amaryllis Belladonna (Amaryllidaceae)

Summary

The embryosac development in Nerine rosea Herb. has been found to occur according to the Normal type and indications of an identical development were found for Nerine curvifolia Herb., contrary to the observations of Schlimbach (1924), who reported a Lilium type for this species. Embryosacs of the Normal type also occur in Amaryllis Belladonna, to which a tetrasporic development had been erroneously ascribed by Schlimbach (1924). In Nerine rosea Herb. the formation of the microspores is of the «successive» type; the aploid cromosome number is n=12, in accordance with the describtions of Heitz.     

广西地形对青蒿中青蒿素含量的影响

针对广西青蒿种植中适生地选择的迫切要求,在对广西31个样地155株青蒿中青蒿素含量测定的基础上,分析了青蒿素含量地理变异,不同地形条件下青蒿素含量变异,海拔高度、坡度、坡向等地形因子对青蒿素含量的影响,不同区域内青蒿素含量变异分析,并应用GIS技术开展了基于地形因子的青蒿种植区划分析.得到如下结果和结论:①各样地间的青蒿素含量存在显著性差异(P=0.000<0.05);②海拔高度和坡度是影响青蒿素含量变化的主要地形因子,生长在海拔较高、坡度较大的丘陵、山地区域内的青蒿,青蒿素含量高于生长在海拔较低、坡度较小的平原区域内的(P=0.000<0.05);③桂西南地区内的青蒿素含量最高,桂东南平原区域内的青蒿素含量最低,二者与其他区域的青蒿素含量差异显著(P=0.000<0.05);④青蒿素含量在(0.76%～0.93%)的为最适宜区,主要包括桂东北和西南地区的阳朔、都安、大化、苹果、马山、武鸣、隆安、南宁和崇左等县市.青蒿素含量在(0.61%～0.76%)的为较适宜区域.青蒿素含量在(0.47%～0.61%)的为适宜区.青蒿素含量在(0 32%～0.47%)的为不适宜区,主要包括北海市、钦州市、贵港市、贺州市、梧州市和岑溪市的部分地区.⑤桂北地区地形复杂"小地形"、"小气候"特征明显,从小尺度范围内研究青蒿的生态适宜性,更能得到较显著的效果.     

Herbert Tabor (1918–1920): obituary.

This invited Letter commemorates the life and scientific legacy of Dr. Herbert Tabor (1918–1920), a leading scientist at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda Maryland and former Chief Editor of the Journal of Biological Chemistry.

Dr. Herbert Tabor in his second floor laboratory of Building 8 taken in 2005 (photo credit Dr. Harry Saroff).Herbert Tabor was born in New York City on November 28th, 1918, at the start of the “Spanish Flu” pandemic. After attending public schools in the city, he matriculated in 1935 to Harvard College, where he studied biochemical science and he entered Harvard Medical School in 1937. In his final year, Herb worked in the Department of Biological Chemistry with A. Baird Hastings to determine the ionization constant of MgHPO4. This work was published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry, marking the beginning of his long involvement with the journal.After graduation in 1942, Herb held an internship at Yale-New Haven Hospital, where he engaged in some laboratory work in clinical chemistry. While there, Herb performed the first therapeutic injection of penicillin in the USA, rapidly curing the patient of severe septicemia. The country being at war, in January 1943, he was commissioned in the US Public Health Service and served as medical officer on a US Coast Guard cutter, which was providing escort service to North Atlantic convoys. The following September, he was transferred to The National Institutes of Health, which had just moved to a new site in Bethesda Maryland, then a small town outside of Washington D.C. Herb was assigned to work with Sanford Rosenthal, who was interested in the electrolyte imbalance response to trauma and burn injuries and how these might be treated by administration of saline solution. In 1946, Herb married Celia White, who he had met in Boston, some years earlier. That same year, he helped form a lunch time seminar group to discuss the biochemical literature. Founding members included other biochemist luminaries such as Leon Heppel, Bernie Horecker and Arthur Kornberg.Meetings were held every day and the seminar lasted for many years through many changes in participants. In the early 1960’s, during a casual conversation at the seminar, Herb was surprised to discover the origin of the penicillin which he had administered in 1942. It had been prepared by an NIH colleague, Gil Ashwell, who had worked at Merck at the time. The drug was considered so precious, that Gil also had the job of its recovery from the patient’s urine. Herb and Celia moved into commissioned officer housing, conveniently located on the NIH campus in 1949. This was just 10 min from the laboratory. This is where they raised their family and stayed for over 70 years. Celia left George Washington University in 1952 and joined Herb at NIH. They began their work together on the biosynthesis, function and genetics of polyamines in normal and cancerous cells. This would occupy the rest of their careers. Sanford Rosenthal retired in 1961 and Herb took over as chief of the Laboratory of Biochemical Pharmacology, NIAMD (as it then was). He held this position until 1999.It is impossible to write about Herb Tabor without remembering his long association with The Journal of Biological Chemistry. He served on the editorial board from 1961 to 1966 and was appointed as an executive editor in 1968. Following the resignation of William Stein, he was promoted to editor in chief in 1971. Herb was devoted to all aspects of publishing the journal, though he did say that he was pleased that restrictions on his primary role as a civil servant got him out of many telephone calls from disgruntled authors. During his tenure, the annual output of published papers increased more than fourfold, with accompanying increases in the size of the editorial board. He was the moving force behind changing the journal to an electronic format. Initially this involved parallel publication of papers on CD-ROM in 1992. Finally, in 1995 the journal was moved onto the internet. J. Biol. Chem. was one of the first biological journals to make this move. Herb stood down as executive editor in 2010, assuming the title of co-editor.During his career, Herb received many prestigious awards. Notably, in 1971, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, in 1977, to the National Academy of Sciences and in 1986, the Hillebrand Award from the American Chemical Society. Montgomery County, MD recognized his scientific achievements, by naming November 28th 2018, his hundredth birthday, as Dr. Herbert Tabor Day. Celia retired from NIH in 2005 and died in 2012. Herb never talked about retirement. Publishing his last scientific paper in 2019 (Keller et al. 2019) he passed away in his sleep on August 20th 2020, at his home on the NIH campus. He is survived by his four children, Edward, Marilyn, Richard and Stanley, together with 10 grandchildren and 6 great-grandchildren.     

绞股蓝对高脂血症致成年雄性兔睾丸显微结构损害的干预作用

目的观察绞股篮和高脂血症对成年雄性兔睾丸显微结构的影响。方法40只日本雄性大耳白兔随机分为A组、C组、D组、E组,分别喂饲高脂饲料＋绞股蓝5g,kg、高脂饲料、标准饲料＋绞股篮5g／kg、标准饲料。饲养前和饲养后3周、6周、9周末检测三酰甘油（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）。实验结束观察睾丸显微结构。结果①TG、TC、LDL-C、HDL-C：A组、C组随饲养时间延长,TG、TC、LDL-C渐升,与饲养前比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）,A组HDL-C渐升,与饲养前比较有显著性差异（P〈0．01）;饲养后A组TG、TC、LDL-C低于c组,A组HDL-C高于C组,饲养后组间比较有显著差异（P〈0．05）。②光镜检查：A组、D组、E组生精细胞正常;C组睾丸生精细胞脂肪变性,间质纤维化,基底膜增厚,精子细胞数量下降。结论高脂血症导致睾丸生精细胞脂肪样变,精子细胞数量下降。绞股蓝通过降低血脂、改善血脂代谢,对高脂血症导致的睾丸生精细胞脂肪样变具有抑制作用。绞股篮对标准饲料饲养兔睾丸显微结构无影响。     

石蒜属植物多糖组成的分析比较研究

对五种石蒜属植物:安徽石蒜、中国石蒜、忽地笑、换锦花、石蒜多糖的结构组成进行了对比分析。结果表明,安徽石蒜多糖与其他四种植物多糖差异较大,而忽地笑多糖和石蒜多糖相似、中国石蒜多糖和换锦花多糖相似。该研究为探讨石蒜属种间亲缘关系提供实验依据。     

宁夏贺兰山斑子麻黄荒漠群落特征

斑子麻黄(Ephedra rhytidosperma)群落是贺兰山山麓特有荒漠植物群落。该研究于2019年调查了16个斑子麻黄典型群落, 分析了物种组成的区系特征, 运用TWINSPAN软件对16个斑子麻黄群落进行了分类。结果表明: 1)斑子麻黄群落物种组成以禾本科、菊科、豆科和蒺藜科植物为主, 隶属13科24属27种。2)斑子麻黄荒漠群落生活型以多年生草本(44.44%)和灌木(29.63%)为主; 区系以古地中海成分(44.44%)和东亚成分(33.33%)为主; 水分生态类型以旱生(40.74%)和强旱生(37.04%)为主。3)根据生活型和优势度, 斑子麻黄群落可分为斑子麻黄-半灌木荒漠(Ephedra rhytidosperma - Semi-Shrub Desert)和斑子麻黄-草本荒漠(Ephedra rhytidosperma - Herb Desert) 2个群丛组, 进一步划分为3个群丛: 斑子麻黄-刺旋花-兴安胡枝子 半灌木与草本荒漠(Ephedra rhytidosperma - Convolvulus tragacanthoides - Lespedeza davurica Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert)、斑子麻黄-刺旋花-中亚细柄茅 半灌木与草本荒漠(Ephedra rhytidosperma - Convolvulus tragacanthoides - Ptilagrostis pelliotii Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert)和斑子麻黄-中亚细柄茅 半灌木与草本荒漠(Ephedra rhytidosperma - Ptilagrostis pelliotii Semi-Shrub and Herb Desert)。     

THE AURICULATE POLLEN GRAIN OF HYMENOCALLIS QUITOENSIS HERB. (AMARYLLIDACEAE) AND ITS SYSTEMATIC IMPLICATIONS

The pollen grain of Hymenocallis quitoensis Herb, is examined with scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The very large, monosulcate grain is characterized by a coarsely reticulate exine surface and solid, auriculate appendages at the equatorial facies. Surface morphology of the pollen grain of H. quitoensis is compared with other representative species of Hymenocallis and supports the inclusion of H. quitoensis within the genus. Meridional exine dimorphism in other species of Hymenocallis is interpreted as a reduction from the well-defined auriculae of H. quitoensis. Surface morphology of the pollen grain of Hymenocallis sects. Artema Traub and Elisena (Herb.) Traub exhibits divergence from that of sects. Hymenocallis and Ismene (Herb.) Traub. Phylogenetic and paleobotanical implications of the auriculate pollen grain are briefly discussed.     

Seed structure in Crocus sativus L. ×, C. cartwrightianus Herb., C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. at SEM

Crocus sativus L. (Iridaceae) is a sterile triploid geophyte widely cultivated for the production of the spice saffron and only reproduced by means of corms. Extensive research has identified Crocus cartwrightianus Herb. as being a probable progenitor of C. sativus. However, other diploid Crocus species of the same C. sativus group, such as C. thomasii Ten. and C. hadriaticus Herb., have been considered as possible progenitors of saffron. Of the characteristics for distinguishing critical genera, species and intraspecific taxa of angiosperms, the most widely adopted have been seed organisation and patterns of spermoderma microstructure detected at SEM. The aim of this study is to use SEM to analyse the seeds of C. sativus ×, a cross obtained by C. sativus with pollen of C. cartwrightianus Herb. and the seeds of allopollinated C. cartwrightianus, C. thomasii Ten., and C. hadriaticus Herb. Results indicate that the seed surface microstructure of C. sativus × is very similar to that of C. cartwrightianus while being different from those of C. thomasii and C. hadriaticus.     

Influence of light and soil moisture on Sierran mixed-conifer understory communities

Sierra Nevada forests have high understory species richness yet we do not know which site factors influence herb and shrub distribution or abundance. We examined the understory of an old-growth mixed-conifer Sierran forest and its distribution in relation to microsite conditions. The forest has high species richness (98 species sampled), most of which are herbs with sparse cover and relatively equal abundance. Shrub cover is highly concentrated in discrete patches. Using overstory tree cover and microsite environmental conditions, four habitats were identified; tree cluster, partial canopy, gap, and rock/shallow soil. Herb and shrub species were strongly linked with habitats. Soil moisture, litter depth and diffuse light were the most significant environmental gradients influencing understory plant distribution. Herb cover was most strongly influenced by soil moisture. Shrub cover is associated with more diffuse light, less direct light, and sites with lower soil moisture. Herb richness is most affected by conditions which influence soil moisture. Richness is positively correlated with litter depth, and negatively correlated with direct light and shrub cover. Disturbance or management practices which change forest floor conditions, shallow soil moisture and direct light are likely to have the strongest effect on Sierran understory abundance and richness.     

Heavy metal absorption status of five plant species in monoculture and intercropping

Absorption ability for heavy metals varies among plant species. This study is to evaluate the absorption characteristics of different plant species and planting patterns for heavy metals. Five plant species (tomato, maize, greengrocery, cabbage, and Japan clover herb) were cultivated in monoculture and in intercropping in soil contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, and Fe), to determine the absorption status. Tomato absorbs greater amounts of heavy metals (especially Cd). Furthermore, accumulation of heavy metals increased when tomato was intercropped with other plant species. Maize accumulates greater amounts of Cr, Cu, and Fe. The heavy metal concentrations were reduced when maize was intercropped. Cd and Pb accumulated more in roots of Japan Clover Herb, and the levels of all five heavy metals decreased when intercropped. Tomato intercropping is a feasible method for phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil, and maize intercropping is feasible for obtaining safe harvest which can be eaten securely.     

Typification of Linnaean taxa of annual Poaceae: Poeae related to Vulpia and Desmazeria

STACE, C. A. & JARVIS, C. E., 1985. TypiHcation of Linnaean taxa of annual Poaceae: Poeae related to Vulpia and Desmazeria. The status and typification of 15 Linnaean species of annual grasses related to Vulpia and Desmazeria are discussed. Of these 15, eight are represented by holotypes or lectotypes in LINN, two by lectotypes in Herb. A. van Royen (L), and one by a neotype in LINN. One (Festuca marina) is based on a pre-Linnaean polynomial and is represented by a lectotype in Herb. Sloane (BM); one (Cynosurus durus) has no known type specimens and we have chosen a Barrelier (1714) illustration as lectotype; one (Nardus aristatus) is an illegitimate name change for Nardus incurvus Gouan, for which we have selected a Scheuchzer (1719) illustration as lectotype; and finally Festuca incrassala appeared on a cancelled page of Species Plantarum and has no nomenclatural standing.     

Electrochemical sensing DNA damage with nano-titanium dioxide and repair with a medicinal herb species resveratrol

We have developed a simple electrochemical method to detect DNA damage caused by the photovoltaic effect of nano-TiO(2). Meanwhile, we have found that resveratrol, a Chinese Traditional Medicinal Herb species, can have a repairing effect to the oxidized DNA, which can also be detected with the proposed technique in this paper.     

Revision of the bulbous Iridaceae of North America

The native bulbous Iridaceae of North America excluding Mexico comprise seven species in four genera. The type species ofAlophia Herb. (1836) is shown to belong toEustylis Engelm. & Gray (1836), hence the latter genus is reduced to synonymy. The well known genusAlophia (sensu auct. non Herb.) (Herbertia Sweet) now takes the nameTrifurcia. As a result of the new interpretation ofAlophia, new combinations are made for the North American and Latin American species ofTrifurcia andAlophia. New chromosome counts are given forNemastylis floridana (2n = 56) andTrifurcia lahue (2n = 56).     

石蒜属植物的药用和观赏利用前景

石蒜属植物是重要的药用植物,又是一类优良观赏植物,既可用于园林配置,也可用作切花生产或盆栽。综述了石蒜属植物的药用和观赏价值并对其应用前景进行了探讨,为全面开发利用我国这一丰富的野生资源提供了一些理论基础。     

588. STENOMESSON PEARCEI

Summary.  The systematic relationships of Stenomesson Herb. and other Andean genera of Amaryllidaceae are discussed and one of its members, S. pearcei Baker, is compared to similar species, described and illustrated. The cultivation requirements, habitat, distribution and conservation status of S. pearcei are discussed. A lectotype is chosen.