The identification of Pomatoschistus minutus (Pallas) and Pomatoschistus lozanoi (de Buen) (Pisces, Gobiidae)

Sand gobies areextremely abundant in coastal waters and estuaries. Pomuroschistus lozunoi tends to be overlooked due to identification problems. This paper summarizes the characteristics to distinguish P. lozanoi from P. minutus and presents a new distinctive feature that allows identification of juveniles from 15-20 mm standard length onward. The known geographic distribution of P. lozanoi is extended northward to 53°30' N and southward to 40°N on the coast of Europe. In northern Europe P. loxmoi seems better adapted to the estuarine habitat than previously thought.     

Myxobolus albi n. sp. (Myxozoa) from the Gills of the Common Goby Pomatoschistus microps Krøyer (Teleostei: Gobiidae)

ABSTRACT. A recent investigation into the myxozoan fauna of common gobies, Pomatoschistus microps , from the Forth Estuary in Scotland, revealed numerous myxosporean cysts within the gill cartilage. They were composed of polysporous plasmodia containing myxobolid spores that were morphologically different from the other known species of Myxobolus and from the myxosporeans previously recorded from this host (i.e. the ceratomyxid Ellipsomyxa gobii , infecting the gall bladder, and the kudoid Kudoa camarguensis , infecting the muscle tissues). Spores were ovoid, 9.4 × 9.1 μm with a thickness of 6.6 μm, with two pyriform polar capsules, the polar filaments of which had four to five turns. Molecular analysis of the parasite's small subunit rDNA region, based upon a contiguous sequence of 1,558 base pairs, discriminated it from other myxosporean species that have been characterized so far. A comparison of the spore morphology and the molecular sequences determined for this new isolate with other myxozoans described to date, confirmed its identity as a previously unknown myxobolid supporting the proposal that this isolate be elevated to the species level as a new species within the genus Myxobolus . A phylogenetic analysis places this new myxobolid, Myxobolus albi n. sp., in a basal position of a clade containing the majority of Henneguya spp. sequenced to date and various Myxobolus spp.     

Quadriacanthus aegypticus n. sp., a monogenean gill parasite from the Egyptian teleost Clarias lazera

Summary Quadriacanthus aegypticus n. sp., a monogenean from the gills of Clarias lazera inhabiting Nile delta waters in Egypt, is described. The genus Quadriacanthus Paperna, 1961 is reported for the first time in Egypt. Particular attention has been paid to the reproductive system, the digestive system, the anterior adhesive glands, the posterior body glands and haptoral sclerites. Possible functions of the different internal organs are discussed. The diagnosis of the genus Quadriacanthus is emended. ac]19840926     

Caballerocotyla lenti n. sp., a capsalid monogenean from Auxis thazard (Scombridae) from off the southeastern coast of Brazil

Caballerocotyla lenti n. sp. (Monogenea: Capsalidae), recovered from the gills of Auxis thazard (Lacépède) captured off the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, is described using light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species is characterized by: a tegument with 2-5 rows of dorso-marginal, unicuspid spines; 53-54 round testes; a constricted pharynx with numerous papillae on its border; and a haptor with a plicate marginal border, a central polygonal area and seven complete septa. C. manteri (Price, 1951) and C. gouri Chauhan, 1953 sensu Murugesh (1995) are figured and commented upon.     

Tunicothrix rostrata n. g., n. sp., a new urostylid ciliate (Ciliophora, Stichotrichia) from the Yellow Sea

The morphology and infraciliature of a new ciliate, Tunicothrix rostrata n. g., n. sp., isolated from the Yellow Sea, are investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. Tunicothrix rostrata measures about 160 x 40 mum in vivo, and has a frontal beak-like protrusion, a conspicuous cortical alveolar layer, two right marginal rows, and usually three distinct midventral pairs. The discovery of T. rostrata enables us to reconsider the classification of Erniella wilberti, a curious ciliate with obscure midventral pairs. Both species are highly similar in overall appearance and nuclear and ciliary pattern. Thus, they are united in a new genus of the family Urostylidae, Tunicothrix, and E. wilberti is transferred to Tunicothrix: Tunicothrix wilbertiLin and Song, 2004 n. comb. By contrast, Erniella filiformis, type species of Erniella, has several ventral rows and does not belong to the urostylids. Tunicothrix rostrata is easily distinguished from T. wilberti by its beak-like anterior protrusion and by the distinctly elongated right marginal row 2, which curves anteriorly on the dorsal side of the cells. Tunicothrix is closely related to Parabirojimia, differing by the invariably two (vs. five-eight) right marginal rows and the conspicuous (vs. ordinary) alveolar layer, a unique feature in urostylid ciliates.     

Pseudempleurosoma gibsoni n. sp., a new ancyrocephalid monogenean from Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Sciaenidae) from off the southeastern coast of Brazil

Pseudempleurosoma gibsoni n. sp. (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) is described from the oesophagus of Paralonchurus brasiliensis (Steindachner) from off the coast of Brazil. The type-species of Pseudempleurosoma Yamaguti, 1965, P. carangis Yamaguti, 1965, is redescribed and the diagnosis of the genus is amended. Metadiplectanotrema Gerasev et al. 1987 is considered synonym of Pseudempleurosoma. This genus now contains four species, including P. carangis, P. caranxi Gerasev et al., 1987 n. comb., P. myripristi Gerasev et al., 1987 n. comb. and the one new species.     

Stylodrilus californianus n. sp., a new lumbriculid (Annelida: Oligochaeta) from North America

A new species of the genus Stylodrilus is described from phreatic waters in California, North America. Tubular atria with bulbous penes and spermathecae with broad and short ducts characterize the new species. The habitat of Stylodrilus californianus n. sp., confirms that the distribution of the genus Stylodrilus in the Neartic biogeographical zone is mainly associated with subterranean waters.     

Scomberomorocotyle munroi n. g., n. sp. (Scomberomorocotylinae n. subf.), a thoracocotylid monogenean from Scomberomorus munroi (Scombridae) off Australia and Papua New Guinea

Scomberomorocotyle munroi n. g., n. sp. is described from the gills of Scomberomorus munroi, a Spanish mackerel from the coasts of northern Australia and southern Papua New Guinea. The genus belongs to the suborder Gastrocotylinea because a pair of basal accessory sclerites is present in the clamps. However, the worm does not belong to any of the eight gastrocotylinean families as they are currently recognised. The worm appears to be a member of the Thoracocotylidae, in that the male copulatory organ has relatively weakly developed spines, and that the haptor is one-sided with two rows of clamps. However, the worm differs from all thoracocotylids in that the clamps lack the characteristic lateral rib-like thickenings. To accommodate the new genus and species, the diagnosis of the Thoracocotylidae Price is amended to include worms lacking ribs in their clamps, and a new subfamily, the Scomberomorocotylinae n. subfam., is erected; a key to the four subfamilies which we recognise as valid is provided.     

Small-scale clinal variation, genetic diversity and environmental heterogeneity in the marine gobies Pomatoschistus minutus and P. lozanoi (Gobiidae, Teleostei)

Genetic variation was assayed at 14 allozyme loci in estuarine, coastal and offshore samples of lozano's goby, Pomatoschistus lozanoi and the sand goby, P. minutus. Samples were taken from locations on the Belgian Continental Shelf and in the Schelde estuary with a range of environmental heterogeneity. We evaluate whether any differences in (1) the degree of genetic variation and (2) allele frequencies at the various loci exist within samples occurring in various habitats on the BCS and in the Schelde estuary. No significant differences in levels of genetic diversity were recorded between estuarine, coastal and offshore samples in either species. A temporally stable clinal gradient in allele frequencies at the two-allele locus GPI-A(*) was observed in P. lozanoi, differentiating the samples in an estuarine, coastal and offshore group. We suggest that these differences might be maintained by balancing selection at locus GPI-A(*).     

Euzetia occultum n. g., n. sp. (Euzetiinae n. subf.), a monocotylid monogenean from the gills of Rhinoptera neglecta (Rhinopteridae) from Moreton Bay,Queensland, Australia

Euzetia occultum n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea: Monocotylidae) is described from the gills of the Australian cownose ray Rhinoptera neglecta Ogilby collected in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. Euzetia has one central and ten peripheral loculi, which is similar to species in Decacotyle Young, 1967. However Euzetia is distinguished from other genera in the family by the presence of an additional loculus on either side of the central loculus. Because Euzetia does not fit into any of the six existing subfamilies in the Monocotylidae Taschenberg, 1879, as currently recognised, we propose the Euzetiinae n. subf. to accommodate the new genus. Euzetia occultum is described and illustrated fully. This is the first published record of a monocotylid from a species of Rhinoptera Cuvier.     

Etude Ultrastructurale de la Sporulation de Paramarteilia orchestiae gen. n., sp. n., Parasite de l'Amphipode Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas)

RESUME. L'individualisation de 2 spores bicellulaires à partir d'un měme pansporoblaste caractérise la sporulation du parasite de l'Amphipode Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) précédemment décrit sous le nom de Marteilia sp. Cette sporulation le distingue des espèces du měme genre parasite d'Hutres qui sont toutes caractérisées par la production de spores tricellulaires. Les conditions semblables dans lesquelles les pansporoblastes paraissent se differencier à partir d'une cellule souche dans laquelle ils poursuivent leur évolution vers la sporogenèse ainsi que divers caractères cytologiques communs, nous incitent à maintenir tous ces parasites dans une měme famille mais à placer celui de l'Amphipode dans un genre différent. Nous proposons de le nommer Paramarteilia orchestiae gen. n., sp. n.
Ces parasites ne peuvent ětre maintenus dans les Protozoaires en raison de leur évolution vers la pluricellularité et de l'individualisation de ces éléments somatiques que représentent la cellule souche primaire, les pansporoblastes et cellules sporales (à l'exception des sporoplasmes). Il semble logique de les inclure dans l'embranchement des Myxozoaires créé par Grassé pour les Myxosporidies et Actinomyxidies qui différencient également des spores pluricellulaires et des éléments somatiques. Les centrioles à 9 singlets de P. orchestiae ainsi que les cellules primaires uninucléées, quel que soit le nombre de pansporoblastes qu'elles contiennent, peuvent ětre considérés comme des caractères résiduels d'Unicellulaires.     

Kiitricha minuta n. sp., a peculiar hypotrichous ciliate (Ciliophora, Spirotrichea) from the Yellow Sea

The morphology and infraciliature of a new ciliate, Kiitricha minuta n. sp., isolated from the Yellow Sea, were investigated using live observation and protargol impregnation. Kiitricha minuta represents a third member of the rarely known order Kiitrichida. It is unique in the subclass Hypotrichia in having many rows of small uniform cirri along the right side of the body and the dorsal kineties composed of dikinetids, most of which bear two cilia. Kiitricha minuta n. sp. is ovoid and measures about 60 x 45 microm in vivo. It has a huge buccal cavity occupying about 80% of the body length, numerous body extrusomes, one macronucleus and two micronuclei, 27-27 adoral membranelles, 9-12 frontoventral cirral rows, a submarginal row of 7-9 cirri, 6 or 7 transverse cirri, and roughly 7-9 dorsal kineties. This new species differs distinctly from its only congener Kiitricha marina by its smaller size (60 microm vs. 80-150 microm), the presence of body extrusomes (vs. absent), the different macronuclear pattern (one vs. two nodules), and the lower number of frontoventral cirral rows (9-12 vs. 21-26), which terminate at the anterior two-thirds of body (vs. extend to the posterior). The new term "submarginal cirral row" is introduced to distinguish from the marginal cirral row in typical hypotrichs sensu lato. Based on our new observations and the literature, an improved diagnosis for the genus Kiitricha is provided and its phylogenetic importance is discussed.     

Serolis luethjei n.sp., a new isopod crustacean from the Weddell Sea

Summary The spatial distribution and size-dependence of oxygen consumption (respiration) and production by microplankton in near surface waters of the Canadian Arctic were measured during summer, 1983. High oxygen flux rates (consumption and production) were observed near surface (upper 20–30 m) and were generally associated with high phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) levels. A substantial portion of the respiration (>50%), however, was below the euphotic zone. Integrated oxygen fluxes (0–100 m) were approximately in balance (i.e., net oxygen production 0) at most locations sampled. In general, oxygen fluxes were higher than have been observed in the Southern Ocean but in the same range as found in temperate coastal waters. Size-fractionation studies showed that most (>60%) of the oxygen production and phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a) were associated with organisms greater than 35 m. On the other hand, more than 70% of the respiration was associated with organisms less than 35 m; on average, more than 50% of the respiration was associated with organisms less than 1 m. These results are consistent with theoretical studies and with experimental observations from temperate waters.     

Gyrodactylus gvozdevi n. sp. (Gyrodactylidae: Monogenea) from Noemacheilus dorsalis (Kessler) in Kazakhstan

Gyrodactylus gvozdevi n. sp. (Gyrodactylidae: Monogenea) is described from the skin of the freshwater fish Noemacheilus dorsalis (Kessler) (Cobitidae: Cypriniformes) from Kazakhstan. This species is most closely related to G. pseudonemachili Ergens & Bykhovsky, 1967 in the shape and size of the anchors and both the ventral and dorsal bars, but can be distinguished from it by the shape and size of the hookproper of the marginal hooks.