野生鸡腿菇驯化栽培

我校组织生物兴趣小组进行了野生鸡腿菇驯化栽培研究,现做简要介绍。１组织学生考察野生鸡腿菇的适生环境,描述其生物学特性１．１野生鸡腿菇的适生环境静宁县属北半球暖温带半湿润、半干旱气候区。海拔１６００～２２４５ｍ。野生鸡腿菇在其境内分布广泛,多生长在富含...     

鸡腿菇栽培工艺的研究

采用正交法对鸡腿菇栽培的培养料、覆土材料和pH值等条件进行了探讨。结果表明:鸡腿菇栽培的最佳条件是:培养料为玉米芯,覆土材料为菌糠腐熟土,pH值为7。对鸡腿菇栽培工艺的优化提供了实验依据。     

鸡腿菇栽培中子实体自溶过程及相关酶活性变化

鸡腿菇Coprinus comatus是一种珍稀食药用菌,具有较高的食药用价值,但子实体成熟后极易自溶,严重影响其食用和商品价值。为了明确鸡腿菇栽培中子实体的自溶过程和参与自溶过程的酶活性变化,观察了鸡腿菇栽培过程中子实体的自溶过程,将鸡腿菇子实体自溶分为6个阶段,描述了其宏观和微观形态变化,发现担孢子由无色变为浅褐色、褐色,最终变为黑色,菌褶则由白色变为浅褐色、褐色,最终变为黑色,菌盖最终溶解为黑色液体滴落。测定了自溶过程中6个不同阶段β-1,3葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶和多酚氧化酶活性,结果表明鸡腿菇自溶过程同时伴随着明显的褐变现象,β-1,3葡聚糖酶、几丁质酶和多酚氧化酶活性均随着自溶进程推进,3种酶在第Ⅲ阶段酶活性均显著上升,表明3种酶均参与了鸡腿菇的自溶过程。本研究为鸡腿菇菌株选育提供了理论依据。     

鸡腿菇液体深层发酵工艺条件的研究

目的：研究碳源、氮源、接种量、初始pH值、温度等对鸡腿菇深层发酵的生物量和多糖产量的影响。方法：通过摇瓶培养确定了该菌株的发酵优化条件,在此条件下,获得了较高的多糖产量。结论：结果表明葡萄糖、酵母浸粉有利于鸡腿菇菌体生长和胞外多糖的形成,在初始pH值6、接种量10％、温度26℃、250ml摇瓶装液量l00ml的条件下,鸡腿菇深层发酵结果最佳,在此基础上进行摇瓶发酵曲线测定,确定了鸡腿菇适宜发酵周期为144h,胞外多糖最高可达1．98g/L。     

三氯杀螨醇和甲氰菊酯对鸡腿菇菌丝体生长的影响

用深层培养的方法研究了1.0、10.0、100.0、1000.0、10000.0和100000.0μg/L三氯杀螨醇和甲氰菊酯两种环境雌激素对鸡腿菇菌丝体生长的影响.结果表明:与对照相比,10.0～1000.0μg/L的三氯杀螨醇和10.0和100.0g/L甲氰菊酯对鸡腿菇菌丝体生长有促进作用,而10000.0和100000.0μg,/L的三氯杀螨醇和10000.0和100000.0μg/L的甲氰菊酯对鸡腿菇菌丝体生长有抑制作用.     

里氏木霉和鸡腿菇利用秸秆共发酵产木质降解酶

为了更好地利用农业废弃物,提高其综合利用率,减少传统化学方法及秸秆焚烧过程造成的环境污染,实验对鸡腿菇、黑曲霉和里氏木霉3株产木质纤维素降解酶系的菌株进行混合平板产酶筛选,结果显示鸡腿菇和里氏木霉平板培养相容性良好,且产酶量高。在相容性实验的基础上,对鸡腿菇和里氏木霉的最优产酶条件进行了研究。在最优条件下:鸡腿菇和里氏木霉接种比例按5:2,接种时间间隔为12h,26oC、150r/min下,发酵3d产漆酶活力达3267.2U/mL,比单独发酵提高106%。     

辽宁省不同地区几种食用菌重金属含量测定及质量评价

对食用菌重金属含量测定和污染状况分析,探讨环境污染因素对食用菌吸收重金属的影响。采用微波消解法对食用菌进行处理,应用ICP-AES法测定了Ni、Cr、Pb、Cd、As、Hg六种重金属元素的含量。结果表明,调查的51份样品中香菇、平菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、双孢菇、黑木耳、鸡腿菇、蛹虫草重金属合格率均为97%以上;Ni、As含量在个别香菇和黑木耳中超标,但超标量很小;个别平菇、香菇、黑木耳、鸡腿菇有Pb的检出但不超标;平菇、香菇、茶树菇、黑木耳有Cd的检出但不超标;平菇、香菇、杏鲍菇、茶树菇、黑木耳、鸡腿菇有Cr的检出但不超标;所有样品中Hg均未检出。辽宁市场上食用菌大部分是安全的。     

鸡腿菇仿野生栽培技术

当春秋两季降雨稍好且环境条件湿润的情况下 ,我国甘肃东部地区常常有大量的野生鸡腿菇发生 ,而且多出现在翻耕的苜蓿地、有枯木的林草地和河床上 ,以及田间堆制的农家肥粪堆上。从 1997年开始 ,我校生物科技小组就本地区的野生鸡腿菇的生物学特性和生态环境进行了科学的考察论证 ,并成功地进行了人工驯化栽培实验。 1999～ 2 0 0 0年又成功地进行了仿野生栽培的实验 ,现将其总结如下。1　生物学特性1.1　形态特征　鸡腿菇 ,又名毛头鬼伞 (Coprinus co-matus)气生菌丝不发达 ,前期绒毛状 ,后期匍匐状且相对致密。子实体单生或群生 ,棒槌状…     

超高压对漆酶产生菌的诱变效应研究

对漆酶产生菌灵芝和鸡腿菇进行超高压处理,发现致死率随剂量的增加而增加,在致死率为50%~80%的范围内诱变效果较好。实验获得了2株具有较大应用潜力的灵芝高压突变株G1502和鸡腿菇高压突变株C2003,其中G1502酶活比出发菌株提高了2.83倍,发酵时间缩短了1d;C2003酶活比原菌株提高了2.57倍,发酵时间也缩短了1d。     

鸡腿菇特有病害鸡爪菌生物学研究——危害与形态学研究

鸡爪菌是危害鸡腿菇的一种特有病害,对其危害和形态特征研究结果表明:该菌可使鸡腿菇菌料内菌丝断裂、发黄、消解,菌料松散,子实体畸形、萎缩直至腐烂、死亡。该菌由菌丝体和子座2部分所组成。菌丝无色、有结节、隔膜多、节间长短不一。子座发达,可反复形成分枝;未成熟子座呈灰绿色,表面菌丝顶端专化形成分生孢子梗和圆形分生孢子;成熟子座呈土灰色至黑褐色,表面形成大量梨形子囊壳。子囊圆柱状,内生8个椭圆形子囊孢子。     

Prominent genetic structure across native and introduced ranges of Pluchea indica,a mangrove associate,as revealed by microsatellite markers

阔苞菊(Pluchea indica)是一种红树林伴生植物，以其在原产地的药用特性和部分引入地的入侵性而闻名。本研究旨在评估阔苞菊在其分布范围内遗传变异的地理分布，确定影响其遗传结构的因素，并利用这些信息对阔苞菊在原产地和引入地的保护和管理策略提出建议。 我们以来自阔苞菊原产地(亚洲)和引入地(美国)的31个种群共348个个体的15个核微卫星位点数据对阔苞菊的遗传多样性和种群结构进行了评估。在大尺度范围以及局部区域两种空间尺度上对阔苞菊遗传变异的空间格局进行了探讨，并验证了以下假说：地理距离和自然地理屏障将影响种群结构并在空间尺度上产生不同程度的分化。研究结果表明，与所研究区域内的其它红树林物种的遗传多样性参数相比， 我们发现阔苞菊在种群水平上具有相对较高的遗传多样性以及在物种水平上具有明显的遗传分化。大多数阔苞菊种群显示杂合子缺失， 这主要是由于近交和有限的基因流所导致。在较大空间尺度上进行的种群结构分析显示，该物种自然分布范围内存在两个主要遗传谱系，中国的种群与印度尼西亚、马来西亚、新加坡、泰国、柬埔寨和菲律宾的种群分别属于不同的谱系，而美国的种群可能来自于中国的谱系。 此外，在局部区域范围内也同样检测到种群之间的遗传分化。大部分阔苞菊种群所表现出的遗传瓶颈效应强调了其具有本地灭绝的风险。基于上述研究结果，我们建议采用原位保护策略对阔苞菊进行管理，并开展对优先保护种群的保护行动以维持遗传多样性。     

紫花凤梨的生物学习性

在南亚热带的广州对荷兰引进的紫花凤梨的生物学习性观察研究。考察了紫花凤梨的分芽发生与叶片生长;花序生长发育与开花;耐性、抗性表现等多个方面的生物学习性,并进行综合评价,并提出掌握和利用其习性的建议。     

甲壳素及其衍生物在医药卫生领域中的应用

甲壳素是自然界储存量仅次于纤维素的第二大天然多糖化合物 ,本文综述了其药理作用、在医药卫生方面的应用研究情况 ,如甲壳素抗感染、抗凝血、抗癌及降血脂等作用及在制剂方面的应用等     

State‐dependent cooperation in burying beetles: parents adjust their contribution towards care based on both their own and their partner's size

Handicapping experiments on species with biparental care show that a focal parent increases its contribution when its partner is handicapped. Such results are interpreted as evidence for negotiation, whereby each parent adjusts its amount of care to that of its partner. However, it is currently unclear whether the focal parent responds to a change in its handicapped partner's behaviour or state. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment on the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides where we first generated different‐sized males and females by varying the duration of larval development. We then used a 2 × 2 factorial design in which a small or large male was paired with a small or large female. Small females provided less direct care (food provisioning and interactions with larvae) than large females, and both males and females provided less direct care when paired with a small partner. Thus, the focal parent adjusted its contribution towards care based on both its own state and that of its partner. There was also evidence for negotiation between the two parents as the focal parent adjusted its contribution based on the amount of care by its partner. However, there was no evidence that negotiation accounted for how the focal parent responded to its partner's size. Our results have important implications for our understanding of biparental cooperation as they show that each parent adjusts its contribution not only based on the amount of care provided by its partner but also based on its own state and its partner's state.     

脯氨酸代谢与植物抗渗透胁迫的研究进展

脯氨酸被认为是植物和细菌内的一种相容渗透剂,有助于植物和细菌抵御渗透胁迫。本文就近年来有关植物体内脯氨酸合成和代谢、脯氨酸含量受渗透胁迫的影响情况、脯氨酸合成降解有关的酶及其基因、脯氨酸在细胞中的运输和定位、ＡＢＡ与脯氨酸的诱导合成以及脯氨酸和植物抗渗透胁迫关系的研究进展作了简要综述。     

Ribonucleic acid of Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices

Echinococcus granulosus protoscolices RNA has been characterized in terms of its nucleotide composition, its behavior in sucrose density gradients and methylated albuminkieselguhr columns, its template activity, its biosynthesis kinetics, and the effect of actinomycin D.     

WHO at country level--a little impact,no strategy.

The acid test of WHO''s effect on the world''s health is its impact at country level. Unless it has an impact there, all of its declarations, its debates at the World Health Assembly, its conferences, its pamphlets, its political manouvering in Geneva and the regions, all of these come to nothing. Working as it does through national governments, WHO insists that it has no role in directly managing or delivering health care. Judging WHO''s impact in individual countries is therefore difficult--its approaches are largely indirect, and initiatives may take years to bear fruit. But from the meagre resources that WHO makes available at country level it is clear why its country operations are criticised as the weakest link in an already weak chain of influence from its headquarters in Geneva to the people in its member states. Poorly funded, undertrained, and with no clear strategy to follow, its staff at country level stand little chance of making an impact.     

脯氨酸代谢与植物抗渗透胁迫的研究进展

脯氨酸被认为是植物和细菌内的一种相容渗透剂,有助于植物和细菌抵御渗透胁迫。本文就近年来有关植物体内脯氨酸合成和代谢、脯氨酸含量受渗透胁迫的影响情况、脯氨酸合成降解有关的酶及其基因、脯氨酸在细胞中的运输和定位、ABA与脯氨酸的诱导合成以及脯氨酸和植物抗渗透胁迫关系的研究进展作了简要综述。     

Zinc essentiality and toxicity. Biophysical aspects

The current concepts concerning zinc biology, its metabolism and transport into cells, its homeostasis, its role in the functioning of the human immune and endocrine systems, its participation in cell signaling, and its cytotoxicity, as well as the biophysical mechanisms of action of zinc ions at elevated concentrations on human blood cells are reviewed and analyzed.     

Three new species of Potamothrix (Oligochaeta, Naididae, Tubificinae) from Fuxian Lake, the deepest lake of Yunnan Province, Southwest China

Three new species of Potamothrix Vejdovsky & Mrázek, 1902 (Oligochaeta: Tubificinae), Potamothrix praeprostatussp. n., Potamothrix paramoldaviensissp. n. and Potamothrix parabedotisp. n., are reported from Fuxian Lake of Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Potamothrix praeprostatusdiffers from its allies by its prostate glands joining atria in its proximal to middle portion, and spermathecal chaetae. Potamothrix paramoldaviensis is distinguishable from its allies by having penial chaeta but no penes, and differs from Potamothrix moldaviensisby its homogenous atrium. Potamothrix parabedoti is distinctive in the position of its reproductive organs, and differs from Potamothrix bedoti by its homogenous atrium. Hitherto, 34 freshwater oligochaete species have been recorded in Yunnan Province, including nine endemic species from the plateau lakes.