黄、渤海褐虾科(甲壳动物亚门,软甲纲,十足目)记述

报道了黄渤海分布的褐虾科共4属6种,并提供了详细的检索表和各种的鉴别特征、地理分布、外部形态图,并讨论了各种目前存在的分类学问题。     

鳃虱科(甲壳动物亚门,等足目)属间系统发育关系支序分析

选择鳃虱科Bopyridae的47个形态学性状,利用PAUP软件,以支序分析方法对中国海域鳃虱科24属进行属间系统发育关系研究.支序分析结果较好地反映了鳃虱科内姐妹群的关系.根据分析结果,假鳃虱亚科中的巨鳃虱属Gigantione是鳃虱科中较早分出的一支,而背腹虱亚科中的仿腹虱属Parathelges和腹虱属Athelges则为较晚分化出来的;褐虾鳃虱亚科的褐虾鳃虱属Argeia盖腹虾鳃虱属Stegoalpheon和真虾鳃虱亚科的深海鳃虱属Bathygyge聚为一支,成为一对姐妹群;蟹鳃虱亚科的单系性得到分析结果的支持,假鳃虱亚科的单系性则不被支持.     

PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF THE PANDALOIDEA (CRUSTACEA, CARIDEA)

Abstract— A manual cladistic analysis, subsequently expanded with a PAUP computer analysis, was performed on 21 genera of the monophyletic taxon Pandaloidea. Morphological data were obtained from the literature for 146 of the 152 known species-group taxa and from specimens belonging to 11 genera and 15 species—those of Pantomus parvulus extending the known range from the North Western Atlantic to Uruguay. The taxon Physetocaridoidca was synonymized with Pandaloidea, and the genus Pandalopsis with “Pandalus”. I have rejected reversal hypotheses indicated by the computer for four transformation series and chosen a final cladogram of slightly different topology which is six steps longer than the shortest tree. The cladogram for 20 terminal taxa is based on 108 apomorphic characters, resolved into 155 steps (72 synapomorphies and 83 homoplasies and reversals). The following sequenced phylogenctic classification is proposed: Pandaloidea; Pandalidae; Pantominae subfam.n.; Notopandalus [N. magnoculus]; Peripandalus [P. serratus]; Pantomus; P. ajfinis; P. parvulus; Pandalinae; Austropandalini trib.n.; Austropandalus [A. grayi]; Pandalina; P. brevirostris; P. profunda; Pandalini; Dichdopandalus; D. bonnieri; D. leptorerus; Pandalus: “Plcsionikidae” [“Plesionika”]; Heterocarpidae [Heterocarpus]; Heterocarpoididae fam.n. [Heterocarpoides] [H. levicarina]; Dorodoteidae fam.n. [Dorodotes] [D. reflexus]; Thalassocarididae; Chlorotocus; C. crassicornis; C. novaezelandiae; Chlorotocoides [C. spinicauda]; Thalassocaris;, T. obscura; T. crimia; T. lucida; Physetocandidae; Stylopandalus [S. richardi]; Chlorotocella; C. gracilis; C. leptorhjnehus; Physetocaris [P. microphthalma]; Chlorocurtis [C. jactans]; Anachlorocurtis [A, commensalis]; Miropandalus [M. hardingi]. Quotation marks indicate taxa of uncertain systematic status. Square brackets indicate redundant, phylogenetically uninformative, genus and species-level taxa maintained in the classification to comply with the principle of binominal nomenclature.     

中国海域长额虾科和长臂虾科隐虾亚科种类记述(甲壳动物,十足目,真虾下目)

记述采于南海北部的长额虾科3属8种,作为Liand Komai(2003)记述1958-1960年全国海洋综合调查采于南海北部的长额虾总科2科8属20种的补充,同时记述该调查中采于东海的长臂虾科隐虾亚科的2属2种.8个长额虾科种是在中国科学院海洋生物标本馆新馆搬家过程中新发现标本鉴定得来,即Chlorotocella gracilis,Plesionika izumiae,P longidactylus,P.ortmanni,P.pumila,P.sindoi,P.unidens,Procletes levicarina.其中Li and Komai(2003)描述的新种P.longidactylus又发现5只携卵雌虾,证明此种在南海并不少见;P.unidens是深海种类,目前仅发现分布在200m以深海底,虽然其报道很少,但已有记录却来自从孟加拉湾至巴布亚新几内亚的不同海域,说明其分布较广,在Li and Komai(2003)文中没有记述此种,本文首次记录其在中国水域的分布,并提供特征图.隐虾亚科的两个种,即富兰克林副岩虾Paraclimenes franklini(Bruce,1990)和土佐岩虾Periclimenes tosaensis Kubo,1951均为东海海域的新纪录,将富兰克林副岩虾的已知分布区域向北扩展到北纬28°,同时填补了土佐岩虾在日本海域和南海海域之间的分布空白.     

两科八属十二种(甲壳纲,十足目)淡水蟹触角形态特征的初步观察及在分类研究中的意义

通过体视学显微镜对淡水蟹类2科8属12种的触角结构进行形态学观察,发现淡水蟹类2科8属间触角的形态结构存在可用于形态学分类的特征性结构,其中第1触角比第2触角具有更多的特征性结构,且同种雌雄之间触角形态结构无显著性差异。结果表明,淡水蟹触角的形态结构特征可作为淡水蟹类属间鉴别的形态指标,可作为现有淡水蟹类形态分类系统的补充。     

云南米虾属一新种(十足目,匙指虾科)

记述了采集于云南蒙自匙指虾科米虾属1新种,贫齿米虾Caridina paucidentata sp.nov..文中详细描述了其形态特征,同时附特征图.新种和近似种蒙自米虾的主要区别在于前者额角背缘齿少,仅1～3个.模式标本保存于上海水产大学.     

中华绒螯蟹成熟卵形态和超微结构的研究

中华绒螯蟹的成熟卵仅有初级卵膜，无次级和三级卵巢，质膜初期厚而多层，且具皱褶，卵核在卵的发育过程中变化很大，未发见中心粒，内质网和高尔基体均始见于蟹卵发育的初期，皮层颗粒先出现于蟹卵深部，随后移到卵的表层，无滋养细胞，蟹卵由卵泡细胞提供物质，形成卵黄，此外，还可直接从血淋巴内摄取卵黄前身物质。     

中国蝗总科昆虫科间系统发育关系支序分析：直翅目;蝗亚目

在形态学研究的基础上,配方选择了１２个特征,利用Ｈｅｎｎｉｇ８６程序包,以支序分析探讨了中国蝗总科昆虫科间的系统发育关系。结果表明蝗虫类昆虫稳定的分为两大类,即癞蝗类和蝗类,本文建议蝗虫类昆虫分为分为两个总科较宜。长腹蝗亚科似归入斑腿蝗亚科更为合理;而皱腹亚科则应提升为独立科。     

广西匙指虾科新种描述

本文报道广西的匙指虾,共2属12种,其中有4个为新种,它们是盲米虾属的刘氏盲米虾,米虾属的洞穴米虾、广西米虾和鎚肢米虾。除最后一种外,其余部生活于岩洞的地下水中。     

安徽米虾属一新种记述（十足目：匙指虾科）

本文记述采自安徽含山熔洞的一米虾新种——含山米虾Caridina hanshanensis sp. nov.本新种与近缘种秉氏米虾C. pingi Yu有不同,故订为新种。     

长江华溪蟹精子超微结构的研究

透射电镜下观察长江华溪蟹成熟精子的形态和超微结构。精子呈椭球形,无鞭毛,具数条由核延伸而成的辐射臂精子。由球形的顶体,膜复合体,核杯及辐射臂组成,顶体由头帽,亚帽带,丁体囊及中央管组成。在中央管的基部发现有中心粒。核膜与质膜紧贴在一起形成了精子的界膜。     

直额绒螯蟹新模记述(甲壳纲,十足目)

形态学和分子生物学的研究表明:直额绒螯蟹Eri- 物异名.本文为直额绒螯蟹指定了新模,并对此进行了描ocheir recta(Stimpson,1858)足一有效种名,应予恢复.台述.湾绒螯蟹Eriocheir formosa Chan,Hung et Yu,1995是它的同物异名.本文为直额绒螯蟹指定了新模,并对此进行了描述.     

THE SYSTEMATICS AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF VETULICOLIANS

Abstract:  Vetulicolians have variously been considered to be unusual arthropods, stem-group deuterostomes or relatives of the tunicates. They are known from a number of Cambrian Lagerstätten, and are particularly diverse in the Chengjiang biota of Yunnan Province, China. We recognize two classes, Vetulicolida and Banffozoa, which together form a monophyletic group. Within the Chinese collections we also identify two new species and recognize one new genus: Vetulicola monile sp. nov. and Bullivetula variola gen. et sp. nov. The evidence from new and previously described specimens is used to undertake a phylogenetic analysis and to evaluate a range of hypotheses for the affinities of vetulicolians. Given the difficulties of interpreting features in enigmatic fossils and the apparently contradictory set of characters possessed by vetulicolians, it is not possible on current evidence to reach an unequivocal conclusion regarding the phylogenetic position of the group. One possibility is that they are a sister group of arthropods that lost limbs but gained gill structures analogous to those of deuterostomes, but several features remain unexplained by this model. If they are protostomes, a more generally parsimonious position is close to the kinorhynchs. An alternative is that they are deuterostomes, although a placement at the base of the clade is not supported by the evidence. If they are deuterostomes, it is more likely that they are close to the tunicates.     

锯缘青蟹精子超微结构的研究

利用光镜和电镜观察了锯缘青蟹成熟精子的形态和超微结构。精子呈陀螺形，无鞭毛，在较宽的一端环生着１０余辐射臂。精子由球状的顶体、核杯以及核衍生的辐射臂三部分组成。顶体包括顶体管和顶体囊，后者包绕在顶体管的中央管周围，并可分为头帽带，内层和外层区。顶体被杯状的核包裹，仅头帽露于精子表面。成熟的精子中，位于核杯和顶体管之间的核膜出现局部断续或消失，中心粒和一些胞器出现的核杯腔中。     

栓菌属和它的亲缘属属界划分的研究

栓菌属(Trametes) 自Fries(1835)建立迄今已有近150年的历史。Fries(1835),Patouillard(1900),Kotlaba & Pouzar(1957),的工作代表了对本属研究的三个比较重要的发展阶段。许多分类学家都认为栓菌属是多孔菌科(Polyporaceae,Basidiomycetes)中最混乱、最不易划清属间界限的一个类群。研究清楚这一属和它的亲缘属的属界以及它们之间的相互关系是研究多孔菌科分类中十分重要的课题。作者多年来在研究这一类群的过程中,常常遇到属界不清,它们之间的相互关系也不易搞清楚等问题。从文献中可以看出,有的种类似乎可以随便地从一个属转移到另一个属,正确与否不易确定。因此,感到搞清楚本属的属界是十分重要的。作者即是在这一情况下进行这一课题研究的。首先搞清楚栓菌属的发展历史,各分类学家对它的不同概念,最后提出作者对本属的概念。然后再搞清楚各亲缘属的属界与其相互关系。凡是作者承认的属都提出自己的概念。     

PIGMENT SIGNATURES AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF THE PAVLOVOPHYCEAE (HAPTOPHYTA)1

Variations in the HPLC‐derived pigment composition of cultured Pavlovophyceae (Cavalier‐Smith) Green et Medlin were compared with phylogenetic relationships inferred from 18S rDNA sequencing, morphological characteristics, and current taxonomy. The four genera described for this haptophyte class (Diacronema Prauser emend. Green et Hibberd, Exanthemachrysis Lepailleur, Pavlova Butcher, and Rebecca Green) were represented by nine different species (one of which with data from GeneBank only). Chlorophylls a, c₁, c₂ and MgDVP (Mg‐[3,8‐divinyl]‐phytoporphyrin‐13²‐methylcarboxylate) and the carotenoids fucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, and β,β‐carotene were detected in all cultures. Species only differed in the content of an unknown (diadinoxanthin‐like) xanthophyll and two polar chl c forms, identified as a monovinyl (chl c₁‐like) and a divinyl (chl c₂‐like) compound. This is the first observation of the monovinyl form in haptophytes. Based on distribution of these two chl c forms, species were separated into Pavlovophyceae pigment types A, B, and C. These pigment types crossed taxonomic boundaries at the generic level but were in complete accordance with species groupings based on molecular phylogenetic relationships and certain ultrastructural characteristics (position and nature of pyrenoid, stigma, and flagella). These results suggest that characterization of the pigment signature of unidentified culture strains of Pavlovophyceae can be used to predict their phylogenetic affinities and vice versa. Additional studies have been initiated to evaluate this possibility for the haptophyte class Prymnesiophyceae.