首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
2.
This review provides an overview of the properties, different biosynthetic machineries, and biotechnological production processes of four microbially derived glucuronic acid-based polysaccharides that are of interest for diverse biomedical purposes. In particular, the utilization of hyaluronic acid and heparin sulfate in high-value medical applications is already well established, whereas chondroitin sulfate and alginate show high potential within this ever-growing field. Furthermore, new strategies exploiting genetically engineered microorganisms generated through improving naturally existing pathways or de novo designed ones are described. These new developments result in increased fermentation titers, and thereby, pave the way towards feasible, or at least improved, process economy. Moreover, these strategies also allow for the future possibility of producing tailor-made biopolymers with specified characteristics, even novel molecules.  相似文献   

3.
4.
The desire to reduce dependence on the ever diminishing fossil fuel reserves coupled with the impetus towards green energy has seen increased research in biofuels as alternative sources of energy. Lignocellulose materials are one of the most promising feedstocks for advanced biofuels production. However, their utilisation is dependent on the efficient hydrolysis of polysaccharides, which in part is dependent on cost-effective and benign pretreatment of biomass to remove or modify lignin and release or expose sugars to hydrolytic enzymes. Laccase is one of the enzymes that are being investigated not only for potential use as pretreatment agents in biofuel production, mainly as a delignifying enzyme, but also as a biotechnological tool for removal of inhibitors (mainly phenolic) of subsequent enzymatic processes. The current review discusses the major advances in the application of laccase as a potential pretreatment strategy, the underlying principles as well as directions for future research in the search for better enzyme-based technologies for biofuel production. Future perspectives could include synergy between enzymes that may be required for optimal results and the adoption of the biorefinery concept in line with the move towards the global implementation of the bioeconomy strategy.  相似文献   

5.
S. Biondi 《Plant biosystems》2013,147(1-6):29-42
Abstract

This article surveys the techniques and approaches used in the in vitro propagation of economically important plants. The current state of the art for each major class of plants, namely ornamentals, vegetable and agronomic crops, temperate fruits and forest trees is described. The advantages of vegetative propagation in general and the specific advantages which micropropagation offers in the domestication, breeding and conservation of plants are listed. Specific problems associated with in vitro propagation such as juvenility vs maturation, vitrification, rooting and morphological or physiological variations are discussed.  相似文献   

6.
The current and potential biotechnological applications of image analysis and image processing systems are reviewed. Image analysis systems have proven to be highly versatile and efficient tools for assisting academic biotechnological research. It is expected that image analysis systems will allow more rapid and accurate quantification of numerous biotechnological analyses. There is, therefore, much scope for the implementation of image analysis/processing systems in a large variety of industrial and clinical applications.  相似文献   

7.
8.
Lactobionic acid has appeared on the commercial scene as a versatile polyhydroxy acid with numerous promising applications in the food, medicine, pharmaceutical, cosmetics and chemical industries. This high value-added bio-product has recently received growing attention as a bioactive compound, providing an excellent chemical platform for the synthesis of novel potentially biocompatible and biodegradable drug delivery vehicles. Recent advances in tissue engineering and nanomedicine have also underlined the increased importance of this organic acid as a key biofunctionalization agent. The growing commercial relevance of lactobionic acid has therefore prompted the development of novel systems for its biotechnological production that are both sustainable and efficient. The present review explores recent advances and studies related to lactobionic acid bio-production, whether through microbial or enzymatic approaches, highlighting the key bioprocessing conditions for enhanced bio-production. Detailed overviews of the current microbial cell factories as well as downstream processing methodologies for lactobionic acid production are also presented. Furthermore, the potential prospects and current applications of this polyhydroxy acid are also discussed, with an emphasis on the role of lactobionic acid as a key platform in the development of novel drugs, biomaterials, nanoparticles and biopolymer systems.  相似文献   

9.
A composite map of the Vicia faba genome based on morphological markers, isozymes, RAPDs, seed protein genes and microsatellites was constructed. The map incorporates data from 11 F2 families for a total of 654 individuals all sharing the common female parent Vf 6. The integrated map is arranged in 14 major linkage groups (five of which were located in specific chromosomes). These linkage groups include 192 loci and cover 1,559 cM with an overall average marker interval of 8 cM. By joining data of a new F2 population segregating for resistance to ascochyta, broomrape and others traits of agronomic interest, have been saturated new areas of the genome. The combination of trisomic segregation, linkage analysis among loci from different families with a recurrent parent, and the analysis of new physically located markers, has allowed the establishment of the present status of the V. faba map with a wide coverage. This map provides an efficient tool in breeding applications such as disease-resistance mapping, QTL analyses and marker-assisted selection.Communicated by J.W. Snape  相似文献   

10.
For many botanic gardens worldwide, seed lists have provided a cost-effective means to replace plant losses in their collections for many decades, if not centuries. In seed lists, seeds are offered on the basis of what each garden can manage to collect and considers ‘of interest’ to other botanic gardens, some offering relatively few, while others offer many, or only wild collected seeds. Seed lists have always been printed on paper. With the use of printed seed lists, the amount of information per accession has always been quite limited to keep printing costs low. Over the past few years, electronic seed lists have been rapidly replacing printed seed lists. Since distribution is electronic, there is no longer a direct link between the amount of information provided and the cost per seed list sent out. This now offers new opportunities to share information that is linked to the plant material that botanic gardens exchange. Information is not limited to text, as images can also be included. This situation is beneficial if seed-raised plants are to be used for in situ conservation. Electronic seed lists have other advantages, but there are also some disadvantages. e.g., electronic information offered via websites is quite ephemeral in nature. Some suggestions are made to overcome the several drawbacks.  相似文献   

11.
An emerging area that has attracted increased attention in recent years is the development of biosensors based on sol-gel-derived platforms which must be predicated on an understanding of the short and long-term interactions between the biorecognition elements and evolving sol-gel matrix. This review focuses on the growing field of entrapment of biomolecules such as proteins, enzymes and antibodies in sol-gel matrices prepared from alkoxide precursors. Basic aspects of sol-gel, its advantages and disadvantages, factor affecting the sol-gel-derived thin films, strategies for improving entrapment of biomolecules in sol-gel materials and their organic modifications are discussed. Organically modified silane precursors have the ability to tune physical and chemical properties with desired characteristics of sol-gel preparations by simply changing different precursors and their molar ratio. The usefulness of optical method especially time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy for the characterization of internal environment of sol-gel as well as dynamics of proteins within the sol-gel is highlighted. Significance and designing of new biocompatible sol-gel precursors with the purpose of making the glassy matrix more compatible with entrapped biomolecules has been described. Considerable attention has been drawn on problems and future prospects of sol-gel matrix for entrapment of biomolecules for applications in biosensors.  相似文献   

12.
Although used for analytical purposes for more than 40 years it is only recently that biochemiluminescence (BCL) has found widespread acceptance. Methods employing BCL reactions now play an important role in biomedical research and laboratory medicine. The main attractions for the assay technology include exquisite sensitivity (attomole-zeptomole), high selectivity, speed and simplicity. In biomedical research, the most important applications of BCL are: (1) to estimate microbial numbers and to assess cellular states (e.g., after exposure to antibiotic or cytotoxic agents) and in reporter gene studies (firefly luciferase gene); (2) NAD(P)H involved in redox/dehydrogenase studies usingVibrio luciferase complex; (3) BCL labels and CL detection of enzyme labels in immunoassays are the most widespread routine application for this technology. BCL enzyme immunoassays represent the most active area of development, e.g., enhanced BCL method for peroxidase and BCL assays for alkaline phosphatase labels using adamantyl 1,2-dioxetane.Abbreviations BCL biochemiluminescence - CL chemiluminescence - RLU relative light unit - ROS reactive oxygen species  相似文献   

13.
几丁聚糖作生物涂层的潜在应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文综述了生物涂层的作用、种类和应用,阐述了亲水生物涂层的机理和应用,介绍了几丁聚糖的基本性能和国内外近年来用几丁聚糖作为涂层膜的研究现状,同时探索了几丁聚糖对医疗装置进行生物涂层的可能性,并预测了其潜在应用。  相似文献   

14.
The entire genome sequences for a number of microbial organisms have become available over the past few years. This knowledge is the beginning point for understanding the fundamental principles of bacterial structure and function. The prospects for gain in knowledge from genomics are discussed in this report.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The biology and future prospects of antivirulence therapies   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
The emergence and increasing prevalence of bacterial strains that are resistant to available antibiotics demand the discovery of new therapeutic approaches. Targeting bacterial virulence is an alternative approach to antimicrobial therapy that offers promising opportunities to inhibit pathogenesis and its consequences without placing immediate life-or-death pressure on the target bacterium. Certain virulence factors have been shown to be potential targets for drug design and therapeutic intervention, whereas new insights are crucial for exploiting others. Targeting virulence represents a new paradigm to empower the clinician to prevent and treat infectious diseases.  相似文献   

17.
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are wide-spread enzymes, present in mammals in at least 14 different isoforms. Some of these isozymes are cytosolic (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII, CA XIII), others are membrane-bound (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII and CA XIV), CA V is mitochondrial and CA VI is secreted in the saliva and milk. Three cytosolic acatalytic forms are also known (CARP VIII, CARP X and CARP XI). The catalytically active isoforms, which play important physiological and patho-physiological functions, are strongly inhibited by aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides. The catalytic and inhibition mechanisms of these enzymes are understood in great detail, and this greatly helped the design of potent inhibitors, some of which possess important clinical applications. The use of such CA inhibitors (CAIs) as antiglaucoma drugs are discussed in detail, together with the recent developments that led to isozyme-specific and organ-selective inhibitors. A recent discovery is connected with the involvement of CAs and their sulfonamide inhibitors in cancer: many potent CAIs were shown to inhibit the growth of several tumor cell lines in vitro and in vivo, thus constituting interesting leads for developing novel antitumor therapies. Future prospects for drug design of inhibitors of these ubiquitous enzymes are dealt with. Although activation of CAs has been a controversial issue for some time, recent kinetic, spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic experiments offered an explanation of this phenomenon, based on the catalytic mechanism. It has been demonstrated recently, that molecules that act as carbonic anhydrase activators (CAAs) bind at the entrance of the enzyme active site participating in facilitated proton transfer processes between the active site and the reaction medium. In addition to CA II-activator adducts, X-ray crystallographic studies have been also reported for ternary complexes of this isozyme with activators and anion (azide) inhibitors. Structure-activity correlations for diverse classes of activators is discussed for the isozymes for which the phenomenon has been studied, i.e., CA I, II, III and IV. The possible physiological relevance of CA activation/inhibition is also addressed, together with recent pharmacological/ biomedical applications of such compounds in different fields of life sciences.  相似文献   

18.
Advances in biomedical applications of pectin gels   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
Pectin, due to its simple and cytocompatible gelling mechanism, has been recently exploited for different biomedical applications including drug delivery, gene delivery, wound healing and tissue engineering. Recent studies involving pectin for the biomedical field are reviewed, with the aim to capture the state of art on current research about pectin gels for biomedical applications, moving outside the traditional fields of application such as the food industry or pharmaceutics. Pectin structure, sources and extraction procedures have been discussed focussing on the properties of the polysaccharide that can be tuned to optimize the gels for a desired application and possess a fundamental role in application of pectin in the biomedical field.  相似文献   

19.
In recent years, nanodiamonds have emerged from primarily an industrial and mechanical applications base, to potentially underpinning sophisticated new technologies in biomedical and quantum science. Nanodiamonds are relatively inexpensive, biocompatible, easy to surface functionalise and optically stable. This combination of physical properties are ideally suited to biological applications, including intracellular labelling and tracking, extracellular drug delivery and adsorptive detection of bioactive molecules. Here we describe some of the methods and challenges for processing nanodiamond materials, detection schemes and some of the leading applications currently under investigation.  相似文献   

20.
Numerous enzymes of biotechnological importance have been immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) via random multipoint attachment, resulting in a heterogeneous protein population with potential reduction in activity due to restriction of substrate access to the active site. Several chemistries are now available, where the modifier can be linked to a single specific amino acid in a protein molecule away from the active-site, thus enabling free access of the substrate. However, rarely these site-selective approaches have been applied to immobilize enzymes on nanoparticles. In this review, for the first time, we illustrate how to adapt site-directed chemical modification (SDCM) methods for immobilizing enzymes on iron-based MNP. These strategies are mainly chemical but may additionally require genetic and enzymatic methods. We critically examine each method and evaluate their scope for simple, quick, efficient, mild and economical immobilization of enzymes on MNP. The improvements in the catalytic properties of few available examples of immobilized enzymes are also discussed. We conclude the review with the applications and future prospects of site-selectively modified magnetic enzymes and potential benefits of this technology in improving enzymes, including cold-adapted homologues, modular enzymes, and CO2-sequestering, as well as non-iron based nanomaterials.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号