Mechanism of interaction between electromagnetic fields and living organisms

Based on nonlinear phenomena of biophoton emission observed in the past, an interference model concerning with the mechanism of interaction between living organisms and electromagnetic fields was raised. Caused by biological nonlinearly polarizable double layer, destructive interference of incoming and reflected waves establishes in the outside. As a consequence, in the inside constructive interference takes place at the same time. The interference patterns may play an important role in biological self organization and in biological functions. We investigate the boundary conditions necessary for explaining these non-linear optical effects in terms of the phase conjugation. It turns out that there are solutions of the Maxwell equations which satisfy destructive interference of biophotons in agreement with the experimental results. Necessary provisions are nonlinearly polarizable optically active double layers of distances which are small compared to the wavelength of light. In addition, they have to be a     

Diversity and analysis of sequences encoded by arcelin genes from Indian wild pulses resistant to bruchids

Wild pulse accessions are considered a vital source of genes for insect resistance for crop improvement programmes. Wild pulses resistant to infestation towards the bruchid insect pest, Callosobruchus maculatus from South India were chosen to screen the existence of potent insecticidal protein, arcelin from APA locus (Arcelin/Phytohemagglutinin/α-Amylase inhibitor) to ascertain their nature and functional diversity without any specific indication for insect resistant factors. The DNA sequence coding for arcelin from various species of wild pulses were amplified, sequenced and deduced to their protein sequences. These protein sequences were examined physico-chemically using several bioinformatics tools and docked with various sugars to resolve the nature of arcelin molecules. Results indicated the presence of significant differences in the properties of arcelin molecules from various species of Indian wild pulses with their amino acid sequences, several physico-chemical properties and binding ability with sugars. The differences observed on these arcelin molecules from diverse wild pulses are predicted to provide a prospective insect pest control factors.     

Effects of perennial neighbors and nitrogen pulses on growth and nitrogen uptake by Bromus tectorum

An experiment was conducted to determine if growth and biomass responsesof the annual grass Bromus tectorum are affected by themagnitude and timing of nitrogen (N) pulses and if these responses areinfluenced by different perennial neighbor species. Nitrogen(NH₄:NO₃) was applied in three pulse treatments of varyinginterpulse length (3-d, 9-d, or 21-d between N additions). The total amount of Nadded was the same among treatments; hence, both the frequency and magnitude ofN pulses varied (i.e., the longer the interpulse period,the greater the amount of N added for a single pulse).Bromus showed little response to the different N-pulsetreatments. The only characteristic that varied among pulse treatments wasspecific leaf area (SLA), which was significantly greater whenBromus was grown under the 21-d N pulse than when grownunder the 3-d or 9-d N pulses. Bromus height, leaf andtiller numbers, leaf area and aboveground biomass were not affected by theN-pulse treatments nor were tissue-N contents and concentrations. However,Bromus production and tissue-N were significantly differentwhen Bromus was grown with different perennial neighborspecies. Tiller production, aboveground biomass, and seed numbers ofBromus were lowest when the perennial neighbor was thetussock grass Agropyron desertorum, intermediate when theneighbor was the evergreen shrub Artemisia tridentata, andgreatest when the neighbor was the deciduous shrub Chrysothamnusnauseosus. N contents of Bromus leaves were alsolowest when the neighbor was Agropyron. In contrast, root Nuptake capacities were greatest for Agropyron-Bromus rootmixes and lowest for Chrysothamnus-Bromus root mixes. Theseresults suggest that perennial neighbors affect growth, seed production, and Nuptake of Bromus to a greater extent than the timing andmagnitude of N pulses.     

Inhibitory mechanism of lead on transferrin-bound iron uptake by rabbit reticulocytes: A fractal analysis

Experimental data of transferrin and transferrin-bound iron uptake byrabbit reticulocytes in the presence or absence of extracellular lead isanalyzed by means of a fractal model. A highly significant correlation offractal dimension (Df) of intracellular transferrin or transferrin-boundiron uptake with varying extracellular concentrations of lead (0 ~ 25umol/L) was observed (Transferrin: r = 0.897, p = 0.015; transferrin-boundiron: r = 0.947, p = 0.004). The Df of membrane-bound transferrin (r =-0.618, p = 0.191) or transferrin-bound iron (r = 0.144, p = 0.786) did notappear to be markedly altered by lead. Further analysis shows thatinhibitory degree of lead on intracellular iron uptake is higher than thaton intracellular transferrin uptake. These results suggest that theinhibitory effect of lead on the iron uptake may occur in intracellularprocess rather than in membrane binding step, probably inhibitingtranslocation of iron across the endosomal membrane.     

植酸酶作用机理的初探

电喷雾电离－质谱联用仪分析结果表明,植酸酶水解植酸是以分步方式进行的,植酸酶能将植酸水解成植酸五磷酸酯至植酸一磷酸酯不同的中间产物。但最终产物主要为二磷酸肌醇,与一些同时形成的无机磷分子能与未水解的植酸以“－Ｏ－Ｏ”或“－Ｏ－”键形成多磷酸肌醇的更复杂的分子形式。     

Elucidation of the mechanism and end products of glutaraldehyde crosslinking reaction by X-ray structure analysis

Glutaraldehyde has been used for several decades as an effective crosslinking agent for many applications including sample fixation for microscopy, enzyme and cell immobilization, and stabilization of protein crystals. Despite of its common use as a crosslinking agent, the mechanism and chemistry involved in glutaraldehyde crosslinking reaction is not yet fully understood. Here we describe feasibility study and results obtained from a new approach to investigate the process of protein crystals stabilization by glutaraldehyde crosslinking. It involves exposure of a model protein crystal (Lysozyme) to glutaraldehyde in alkaline or acidic pH for different incubation periods and reaction arrest by medium exchange with crystallization medium to remove unbound glutaraldehyde. The crystals were subsequently incubated in diluted buffer affecting dissolution of un-crosslinked crystals. Samples from the resulting solution were subjected to protein composition analysis by gel electrophoresis and mass spectroscopy while crosslinked, dissolution resistant crystals were subjected to high resolution X-ray structural analysis. Data from gel electrophoresis indicated that the crosslinking process starts at specific preferable crosslinking site by lysozyme dimer formation, for both acidic and alkaline pH values. These dimer formations were followed by trimer and tetramer formations leading eventually to dissolution resistant crystals. The crosslinking initiation site and the end products obtained from glutaraldehyde crosslinking in both pH ranges resulted from reactions between lysine residues of neighboring protein molecules and the polymeric form of glutaraldehyde. Reaction rate was much faster at alkaline pH. Different reaction end products, indicating different reaction mechanisms, were identified for crosslinking taking place under alkaline or acidic conditions.     

浮游植物对溶解态Al的清除作用实验研究

近期黄、东海溶解态Al调查结果显示,赤潮爆发过程中溶解态Al的含量会明显降低,说明浮游植物生长对Al的生物地球化学循环有着重要的影响。本文在此背景下通过实验室培养,初步探讨了不同浓度Al加富条件下部分硅藻（新月菱形藻、中肋骨条藻、威氏海链藻）和甲藻（东海原甲藻）对溶解态Al的清除机制。结果表明：培养液中溶解态Al在硅藻的指数生长期会出现明显的下降,在衰亡期略有回升,而甲藻生长过程对水体中溶解态Al的这种清除相对于硅藻并不明显。采用痕量元素淋洗试剂对浮游植物进行淋洗,以区分细胞内结合态Al和细胞外吸附态Al的含量。淋洗实验结果表明：指数生长期硅藻细胞内结合态Al占浮游植物细胞内总Al含量的比例约为20%-80%,且稳定期的硅藻细胞内结合态Al的比例较指数生长期有不同程度的增加,说明硅藻在生长过程中会主动吸收溶液中的溶解态Al,实验结果对深入认识Al的海洋生物地球化学循环提供了重要的证据。     

角蛋白单体获得及诱导S.maltophilia DHHJ产角蛋白酶研究

可降解羽毛微生物能以羽毛粉为唯一营养源生长,而羽毛粉是一种大颗粒的不溶性底物,不能直接进入细胞内作为营养源同时作为一级信使来诱导酶基因表达.本文通过化学还原法水解羽毛得到可溶性羽毛角蛋白溶液,利用电泳和质谱验证其分子量约10 kD,为角蛋白单体.分别以该可溶性羽毛角蛋白及角蛋白单体酶解片段为诱导源,在无诱导源、羽毛粉为对照的情况下,测定72 h内嗜麦芽窄食单胞菌(S.maltophilia)DHHJ产生的角蛋白酶的酶活.在无诱导源时,角蛋白酶基因表现本底表达(0.5 U/mL);培养基中添加羽毛粉及角蛋白单体时,角蛋白酶表达量高,分别可达15 U/mL和20 U/mL.并且角蛋白单体酶解片段诱导酶表达较低(2.3 U/mL).该结果初步表明,水溶性角蛋白单体作为信号源与细菌细胞接触或进入细胞内,控制角蛋白酶基因表达.该结果为细菌降解角蛋白分子机制研究奠定基础.     

假单胞菌YL11对扩展青霉的抑制作用及其机理初探

【背景】苹果青霉病是由扩展青霉引起的一种重要的果实采后病害,影响果实品质导致苹果腐烂从而造成经济损失。【目的】研究假单胞菌YL11对扩展青霉的抑制作用和苹果采后青霉病的防治效果,并对抑菌机理进行初步探讨。【方法】以扩展青霉为供试菌株,研究不同浓度的假单胞菌YL11无菌发酵液对扩展青霉菌落直径、孢子萌发率、菌丝体干重、苹果损伤接种病斑直径扩展的影响,利用对电导率、核酸及蛋白释放量、AKP含量、SDH活性、ATP酶活性和ATP含量的影响对抑菌机理进行探究。【结果】假单胞菌YL11无菌发酵液能有效抑制扩展青霉生长,抑菌圈直径为22.33±0.27 mm,抑菌效价为71.67 mm/mL;能有效抑制孢子萌发,100%无菌发酵液对孢子萌发抑制率达到80.2%;对扩展青霉的生物量也有一定抑制作用,体积分数为100%时,菌丝体干重为4.7mg/mL,抑制率达到39.74%;无菌发酵液处理能有效抑制苹果青霉病病斑的扩展,3d时对病斑扩展的抑制率最大,达到47.1%;无菌发酵液处理均能引起电导率升高、胞内核酸和蛋白释放量增大、胞外AKP含量升高、SDH活性降低、ATP酶活性和ATP含量均降低,且随着发酵液浓度的增加效果越明显。【结论】假单胞菌YL11能显著抑制扩展青霉的生长,破坏细胞膜结构、降低能量代谢酶活性,从而扰乱扩展青霉的正常生长,对苹果青霉病有较好的生防效果,具有潜在的开发价值。     

旅游景区低碳行为绩效及其驱动机制——以世界遗产地张家界为例

旅游景区低碳行为直接影响世界遗产地生态环境系统与社会经济系统协同有序发展.本研究构建了包括5个一级变量和38个二级变量的低碳行为绩效(LCBP)指标体系,系统评估世界自然遗产地张家界市的景区(点)低碳行为绩效;采用单因素方差分析方法和邦弗朗尼多重比较检验方法,比较不同等级景区(点)低碳行为绩效;通过冗余分析和Monte Carlo Permutation,提取能显著影响景区低碳行为绩效的关键驱动因子.结果表明: 研究区32个景区(点)的低碳行为表现总体良好(3.10);低碳设计、日常节能、节水管理、废弃物减量和低碳意识的绩效组均值分别为0.49、0.74、0.24、1.51、0.11;在所有被调查的景区中,黄龙洞景区低碳行为绩效独占鳌头(4.193),贺龙故居则排名垫底(2.400).5A、4A和3A景区(点)与非A景区(点)的低碳行为得分并未呈现显著的梯度差异,仅有11项指标存在显著差异.景区投资者、景区管理处、游客和地方政府的压力是景区低碳行为的主要驱动因素.     

Enantioseparation of chiral pharmaceuticals by vancomycin‐bonded stationary phase and analysis of chiral recognition mechanism

The drug chirality is attracting increasing attention because of different biological activities, metabolic pathways, and toxicities of chiral enantiomers. The chiral separation has been a great challenge. Optimized high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods based on vancomycin chiral stationary phase (CSP) were developed for the enantioseparation of propranolol, atenolol, metoprolol, venlafaxine, fluoxetine, and amlodipine. The retention and enantioseparation properties of these analytes were investigated in the variety of mobile phase additives, flow rate, and column temperature. As a result, the optimal chromatographic condition was achieved using methanol as a main mobile phase with triethylamine (TEA) and glacial acetic acid (HOAc) added as modifiers in a volume ratio of 0.01% at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/minute and at a column temperature of 5°C. The thermodynamic parameters (eg, ΔH, ΔΔH, and ΔΔS) from linear van 't Hoff plots revealed that the retention of investigated pharmaceuticals on vancomycin CSP was an exothermic process. The nonlinear behavior of lnk′ against 1/T for propranolol, atenolol, and metoprolol suggested the presence of multiple binding mechanisms for these analytes on CSP with variation of temperature. The simulated interaction processes between vancomycin and pharmaceutical enantiomers using molecular docking technique and binding energy calculations indicated that the calculated magnitudes of steady combination energy (ΔG) coincided with experimental elution order for most of these enantiomers.     

大气可吸入颗粒物对肺组织损伤机制的研究进展

大量的流行病学研究表明,大气可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的污染水平与心肺系统疾病的死亡率存在密切联系,但其确切的毒理机制尚未阐明。本文对近年来国内外有关大气可吸入颗粒物对肺组织的损伤机制的研究进行了综述,从氧化损伤和炎性损伤两个方面对大气可吸入颗粒物的毒理学机制进行阐述。     

多囊蛋白2对低频脉冲电磁场促进成骨细胞分化成熟的影响北大核心CSCD

已知低频脉冲电磁场(pulsed electromagnetic fields,PEMFs)可以促进体外培养大鼠颅骨成骨细胞(rat calvarial osteoblasts,ROBs)的分化成熟,但ROBs感知PEMFs物理信号并启动成骨性分化的机制至今不明。本研究探究了0.6 mT 50 Hz PEMFs促进ROBs成骨性分化与位于ROBs表面的初级纤毛上的多囊蛋白2(polycystin2,PC2)的关系。首先用免疫荧光染色法研究了PC2是否位于ROBs初级纤毛内,然后通过Western blotting检测了经PEMFs处理不同时间后,ROBs内PC2蛋白表达的变化情况。接着用PC2阻断剂盐酸阿米洛利(amiloride HCl,AMI)预处理ROBs,检测碱性磷酸酶(alkline phosphatase,ALP)活性和PC2蛋白表达受PEMFs处理的影响情况,以及与骨形成相关的Runx-2、Bmp-2、Col-1、Osx的蛋白及基因表达的变化情况。再用RNA干扰法抑制ROBs内PC2的表达后,检测与骨形成相关基因表达情况。结果发现,PC2被定位于ROBs初级纤毛上,PEMFs处理增加了PC2蛋白表达量。PC2被AMI阻断后,PEMFs不再能提高PC2蛋白表达水平及ALP活性,PEMFs对成骨相关蛋白和基因表达的促进作用也被抵消。使用RNA干扰法抑制PC2的表达后,PEMFs也不再能提高骨形成相关基因的表达。结果表明:存在于成骨细胞初级纤毛表面的PC2在感知并传递PEMFs发出的物理信号中扮演着不可或缺的角色,PEMFs促进ROBs成骨性分化依赖于PC2的存在。本研究为阐明低频脉冲电磁场促进骨形成及治疗骨质疏松的机制研究奠定了基础。     

Comparative study of the efficacy of pulsed electromagnetic field and low level laser therapy on mitogen-activated protein kinases

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs) consist of three major signaling members: extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p38 and C-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK). We investigated physiological effects of Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy (PEMFT) and Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) on human body, adopting the expression level of mitogen-activated protein kinases as an indicator via assessment of the activation levels of three major families of MAPKS, ERK, p38 and JNK in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients before and after the therapies. Assessment for the expression levels of MAPKs families' were done, in the peripheral lymphocytes of patients recently have appendectomy, using flow cytometric analysis of multiple signaling pathways, pre and post LLLT and PEMFT application (twice daily for 6 successive days) on the appendectomy wound. There were non-significant differences in the expression levels of MAPKs families' pre- therapies application. But there were significant increase in the ERK expression levels post application of LLLT compared to its pre application (p<0.01). Also, there was significant increase in the ERK, p38 and C-Jun N terminal expression level values post application of PEMFT compared to its pre application expression levels (p<0.01 for each). The present study demonstrates that PEMFT has a powerful healing effect more than LLLT as it increase the activation of ERK, P38 and C-Jun-N Terminal while LLLT only increase the activation of ERK. LLLT has more potent pain decreasing effect than PEMFT as it does not activate P38 pathway like PEMFT.     

电磁水对血白细胞、红细胞、血小板及血管内皮细胞影响的研究

血管中白细胞等的粘附、聚集问题能够影响微循环的血流速度,是损伤血管内皮细胞乃至形成血栓的主要因素之一。在内毒素注射大白鼠的随机、对照实验中,发现电磁水能够减轻内毒素所致的炎症刺激,并能够降低白、红细胞和血小板的粘附、聚集,能降低白细胞的渗出,能提高红细胞的电泳率,能抑制血流速度的减慢和能够减轻血管内皮细胞的损伤。t检验,差异显著(P<0.01)以及差异明显(P<0.05)。揭示电磁水能够提高血细胞和血管内皮细胞的表面负电荷密度,并可以减轻外因(如,内毒素)对体内细胞和血管的损伤。说明电磁水能够改善微循环,维系正常血流和防止血栓形成。     

电磁水对血白细胞、红细胞、血小板及血管内皮细胞影响的研究

血管中白细胞等的粘附、聚集问题能够影响微循环的血流速度,是损伤血管内皮细胞乃至形成血栓的主要因素之一.在内毒素注射大白鼠的随机、对照实验中,发现电磁水能够减轻内毒素所致的炎症刺激,并能够降低白、红细胞和血小板的粘附、聚集,能降低白细胞的渗出,能提高红细胞的电泳率,能抑制血流速度的减慢和能够减轻血管内皮细胞的损伤.t检验,差异显著（P〈0.01）以及差异明显（P〈0.05）.揭示电磁水能够提高血细胞和血管内皮细胞的表面负电荷密度,并可以减轻外因（如,内毒素）对体内细胞和血管的损伤.说明电磁水能够改善微循环,维系正常血流和防止血栓形成.     

Identification of potential mechanism and hub genes for neuropathic pain by expression-based genome-wide association study

Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common pathological pain state with limited effective treatments. This study was designed to identify potential mechanisms and candidate genes using gene expression–based genome-wide association study (eGWAS). All NP-related microarray experiments were obtained from Gene Expression Omnibus and ArrayExpress. Significantly dysregulated genes were identified between experimental and untreated groups, and the number of microarray experiments in which each gene was dysregulated was calculated. Significantly dysregulated genes were ranked according to P values of the chi-square test. Using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database, we performed functional and pathway enrichment analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module analysis was performed using Cytoscape software. A total of 115 candidate genes were identified from 19 independent microarray experiments by eGWAS based on the Bonferroni threshold ( P < 2.97 × 10 ⁻⁶). Immune and inflammatory responses, and complement and coagulation cascades, were respectively the most enriched biological process and pathways for candidate genes. The hub genes with highest connectivity in PPI network and two modules Ccl2 and Jun, and Ctss application of the eGWAS methodology can identify mechanisms and candidate genes associated with NP. Our results support the validity and prevalence of inflammatory and immune mechanisms across different NP models, and Ccl2, Jun, and Ctss may be the hub genes for NP.     

基于竞争和扩散能力的非捕食-被捕食集合种群系统的竞争机制

对于非捕食 被捕食(食饵)生态系统,强弱物种之间存在一定的竞争影响.在不考虑栖息地毁坏的情况下,引进双向竞争机制,将Tilman的单向竞争模式推广为n集合种群双向竞争模型,并对6-集合种群的竞争动态进行了计算机模拟研究.结果表明,在平衡态,种群竞争共存的条件是其竞争能力与扩散能力呈现指数型负相关关系,竞争的结果使物种的强弱序列发生变化;物种竞争排除与共存受迁移扩散能力和竞争能力影响很大,在局域斑块上竞争排斥的集合种群在广域尺度上可以竞争共存,即逃亡共存.     

离子注入诱变莲花突变体分子机理的初步研究

低能离子注入技术作为生物物理诱变的一种新型技术, 在园艺植物育种方面具有很大的应用潜力, 但其诱变的分子机理目前知之甚少。文章对Fe+ 离子注入诱变的白洋淀红莲(Nelumbium speciosum Willd)突变体及其对照的基因组进行RAPD研究, 并将突变体和对照在辐射敏感位点的条带进行克隆测序及DNA序列分析。在已优化好的RAPD体系下扩增, 从110条随机引物中筛选出了10条可以稳定扩增出显著特异条带的引物, 引物多态性为9.09%。将这10条引物扩增出的辐射敏感位点的条带进行克隆测序, 并进行序列比对。结果显示: 突变体的总碱基突变频率为0.87%, 6个突变体的碱基突变频率存在着差异; 碱基突变类型包括碱基的颠换、转换、缺失、插入, 在检测到的159个碱基突变中, 单碱基置换的频率(61.01%)高于碱基插入或者缺失的频率(38.99%), 在碱基置换中, 转换的频率(44.65%)是颠换频率(16.35%)的2.7倍, 其中C/T之间的转换所占比例最大, A→G和A→T也具有较高的替换频率; 构成DNA的4种碱基均可以被离子束辐照诱变发生变异, 除了没有C→G的置换外, 每一种碱基都可以被其他的几种碱基所置换, 但是胸腺嘧啶(T)具有较高的辐射敏感性。通过对碱基突变位点周边序列的分析发现, 嘌呤突变位点的周围嘌呤碱居多, 嘧啶突变位点的周围嘧啶碱居多。研究结果为揭示低能离子注入诱变作用分子机理提供了依据。