茶毛虫核型多角体病毒（EpNPV）多角体蛋白基因的定位及克隆

茶毛虫核型多角体病毒 (Ｅｕｐｒｏｃｔｉｓｐｓｅｕｄｏｃｏｎｓｐｅｒ ｓａＮｕｃｌｅａｒＰｏｌｙｈｅｄｒｏｓｉｓＶｉｒｕｓ简称ＥｐＭＰＶ) ,属于杆状病毒科核型多角体病毒属 ,能使茶毛虫染病死亡。ＥｐＮＰＶ据报道最初由日本学者于 195 7年发现[1] ,随后在其它国家和地区也有相关报道[2 ] ;我国在贵州、湖北、广西和云南等地也有发现 ,并在ＥｐＮＰＶ病毒杀虫剂的大田应用方面做了大量的工作 ,取得了一定的社会、经济和生态效益[3] 。本文以苜蓿丫纹夜蛾多粒包埋核型多角体病毒(ＡｕｔｏｇｒａｐｈａｃａｌｉｆｏｒｎｉｃａＭＮＰＶ…     

麝凤蝶形态观察及生物学特性

麝凤蝶Ｂｙａｓａａｌｃｉｎｏｕｓ(Ｋｌｕｇ)属鳞翅目凤蝶科 ,分布于我国大部分地区和日本、朝鲜等国 ,寄主植物是马兜铃、木防己。在浙江省 ,该蝶自然条件下 1年可繁殖 3代 ,以蛹越冬。该蝶成虫双翼狭窄、尾突修长 ,飞翔姿态优雅 ,极具观赏性 ,是蝴蝶馆内放飞展出的适宜种类。至目前为止 ,已有国内外学者在麝凤蝶成虫的发生[1] 、形态[3 ,6,7] 、生殖系统[8～ 10 ] 、性信息素[11] 、亚种的杂交[12 ] 和幼虫的饲料[13 ] 及蛹体的滞育[14 ] 等方面有过报道或有一些研究 ,但很少对其人工饲养和繁殖进行研究。为了保护生态环境 ,开发蝴蝶资源…     

水杨酸、茉莉酸甲酯和乙烯利对野葛细胞悬浮培养生产葛根素的影响

野葛〔Ｐｕｅｒａｒｉａｌｏｂａｔａ(Ｗｉｌｌｄ.)Ｏｈｗｉ〕是我国及其他东亚国家传统的药用资源,其主要药用成分为葛根素,广泛用于治疗多种心血管疾病[1]。由于近年来生态环境的人为破坏,野生野葛资源已不能满足人们对葛根素药物的需求,通过细胞工程可以实现野葛资源的可持续性开发。本项目组已经建立了野葛组织培养和植株再生[2]及细胞悬浮培养体系[3],研究结果表明,悬浮细胞培养物能够生产葛根素,但产量仍有待于提高[3]。已知水杨酸(ｓａｌｉｃｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ,ＳＡ)、乙烯和茉莉酸类化合物(ｊａｓｍｏｎａｔｅｓ,ＪＡｓ)能够在高…     

水稻草矮病毒核衣壳蛋白基因克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

水稻草状矮化病于70年代曾在南亚、东南亚大面积发生,给当地的水稻生产造成严重损失,在我国也有分布[1]。其病原是水稻草矮病毒(Ｒｉｃｅｇｒａｓｓｙｓｔｕｎｔｖｉｒｕｓ,ＲＧＳＶ),为纤细病毒属(Ｔｅｎｕｉｖｉｒｕｓ)的一个成员,病毒粒体丝状,由核衣壳蛋白和基因组ＲＮＡ组成[2]。基因组含六个ｓｓＲＮＡ片段,均为双义编码[3,4],其中ＲＮＡ5的毒义互补链编码核衣壳蛋白(ｎｕｃｌｅｏｃａｐｓｉｄｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ,ＮＣＰ)[3]。本文报道应用ＲＴＰＣＲ技术获得ＲＧＳＶ沙县分离株(ＲＧＳＶＳＸ)ＮＣＰ基因的ｃＤＮＡ克隆,并得到其在大肠杆…     

大血藤不同器官黄酮类化合物含量的季节变化

大血藤〔Ｓａｒｇｅｎｔｏｄｏｘａｃｕｎｅａｔａ (Ｏｌｉｖ .)Ｒｅｈｄ .ｅｔＷｉｌｓ.〕隶属木通科 (Ｌａｒｄｉｚａｂａｌａｃｅａｅ)大血藤属 (ＳａｒｇｅｎｔｏｄｏｘａＲｅｈｄ .ｅｔＷｉｌｓ.) ,为落叶木质藤本 ,根和藤可入药 ,有强筋骨、活血散瘀、止痛、通经之效 ,并可治疗阑尾炎、风湿性关节炎等 ,又可用作杀虫剂[1] 。大血藤是中国特有中药材 ,入药部位为一年生嫩茎 ,但在中医临床应用上并不广泛。有关大血藤次生代谢产物的研究较少。Ｒｏｍｋｅｒ等从大血藤分离出三萜类皂素如儿茶素等 ,并发现在体内具有明显的抗病毒效应[2 ] …     

皱叶留兰香迁地栽培后的营养成分及抗性指标测定

皱叶留兰香 (ＭｅｎｔｈａｃｒｉｓｐａｔｅＳｃｈｒａｄ .ｅｘＷｉｌｌｄ .)为唇形科薄荷属 (ＭｅｎｔｈａＬ .)多年生宿根草本植物 ,原分布于地中海沿岸 ,我国云南及贵州等地也有分布。皱叶留兰香及薄荷属某些种类 ,在民间被广泛药用和食用。具有疏风散热、辟秽解毒之功效 ,常用于外感风热、头痛、目赤、食滞气胀、口疮、牙痛等症[1 ] ,现代研究表明薄荷属植物还具有抗病毒、杀菌、抗刺激、利胆[2 ] 及放疗区域皮肤保护[3] 等作用。食用则具有清凉芳香的口味特点 ,在我国西南地区已经成为普通蔬菜 ,广泛用于调料、生食和火锅等。作者对皱…     

不同生活条件下东方田鼠内脏器官比较

脏器指数可以反映动物的生理功能 ,消化道形态的变化受食物质量和动物能量需求的影响 ,国内外不少学者探讨了野外条件下鼠类脏器指数和消化道形态的季节变化及其生态适应意义[2 ,4 ,6～ 8,14 ,15] 。Ｇｒｏｓｓ等[12 ] 在室内研究了温度和食物质量对草原田鼠 (Ｍｉｃｒｏｔｕｓｏｃｈｒｏｇａｓｔｅｒ)消化道形态的影响。东方田鼠 (Ｍ .ｆｏｒｔｉｓｃａｌａｍｏｒｕｍ )为洞庭湖湖泊河汊区优势鼠种 ,严重危害农林业生产 ;同时其具有天然抗日本血吸虫的特性[13] ,对血吸虫的研究和防治有着较为重要的意义。该鼠以湖滩苔草(Ｃａｒｅｘｓｐｐ …     

Longgupo Hominoid Mandible Belongs to Ape

Ｉｎ 1 991 ,Ｈｕａｎｇｅｔａｌ.[1] ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｔｈｅＬｏｎｇｇｕｐｏｍａｎｄｉｂｌｅｔｏＨｏｍｏｅｒｅｃｔｕｓ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｌａｔｅｒ[2 ]ｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｅｄｉｔｗａｓｃｌｏｓｅｔｏＨｏｍｏｅｒｇａｓｔｅｒ.ＷｏｏｄａｎｄＴｕｒｎｅｒ[3] ａｇｒｅｅｄｔｈｉｓａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎ .ＬａｒｉｃｋａｎｄＣｉｏ ｃｈｏｎ[4 ] ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓＣｉｏｃｈｏｎ[5] ａｔｔｒｉｂｕｔｅｄｉｔｔｏＨｏｍｏ .ＴｈｅｈｏｍｉｎｉｄｓｔａｔｕｓｈａｓｂｅｅｎｃｈａｌｌｅｎｇｅｄｂｙＷｏｌｐｏｆｆ[6 ] ,ＳｃｈｗａｒｔｚａｎｄＴａｔｔｅｒｓａｌｌ[7] ａｎｄＰｏｐｅ[8] ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｂｙＥｔｌｅｒａｎｄＺｈｏｕ[9] ｗｈｏｆｕｒｔｈｅｒｉｎｄｉｃａｔ ｅｄａｎａｎｃｅｓｔｏｒ ｄｅｓｃｅｎｄｅｎｔｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓｈｉｐｂｅｔｗｅｅｎＬｕｆｅｎｇｐｉｔｈｅｃｕｓａｎｄｔｈｅＬｏｎｇｇｕｐｏｍａｎｄｉｂｌｅ .Ｂｕｔｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｄｅｔａｉｌｅｄｄｉｓｃｕｓｓｉｏｎｉｎａｎｙｏｆｔｈｅｓｅａｒｔｉｃｌｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｐｒｅｓｅｎｔａｕｔｈｏｒｗｏｕｌｄｌｉｋｅｔｏｐｒｅｓｅｎ...     

甘肃鼢鼠的求偶和交配行为

甘肃鼢鼠 (Ｍｙｏｓｐａｌａｘｃａｎｓｕｓ)主要分布在我国黄土高原地区 ,该鼠的繁殖生态学已有许多报道[1～3] 。其繁殖行为尚未见报道。国内外已对高原鼢鼠 (Ｍｙｏｓｐａｌａｘｂａｉｌｅｙｉ)、裸瞎鼠 (Ｈｅｔｅｒｏｃｅｐｈａｌｕｓｇｌａｂｅｒ)、鼹形鼠 (Ｓｐａｌａｘｅｈｒｅｎｂｅｒｇｉ)和囊鼠 (Ｔｈｏｍｏｍｙｓｂｏｔｔａｅ)等地下鼠的繁殖行为作了研究[4～8] 。由于甘肃鼢鼠营严格的地下生活 ,在野外其繁殖行为无法观察。本文对室内甘肃鼢鼠的求偶行为和交配行为进行初步观察 ,将结果予以报道。1　材料和方法实验用成年甘肃鼢…     

蚓激酶的克隆及其对BHK细胞的作用

蚯蚓具有活血化瘀的功效 ,在我国作为中药 (地龙 )使用已经有上千年的历史 .近年来发现蚯蚓体内存在溶血栓成分 ,称为蚓激酶 (ｌｕｍｂｒｕｋｉｎａｓｅ)或蚯蚓纤溶酶 (ｔｈｒｏｍｂｏｌｙｔｉｃｅｎｚｙｍｅｉｎｅａｒｔｈｗｏｒｍ) .自Ｎ .Ｎａｋａ ｊｉｍａ报道从蚯蚓中分离到蚓激酶以来[1] ,国内外已经有许多报道[2～ 6] ,主要侧重于天然提取物的生化研究 .本文通过ＲＴ ＰＣＲ从蚯蚓 (Ｌ .ｂｉｍａｓｔｕｓ)体内获得蚓激酶基因 ,进行表达并观察其对ＢＨＫ细胞的作用 .1　材料与方法1 1　材料正蚓科双胸蚓属蚯蚓 ;反转录试剂 ,质粒ｐｃ…     

金丝桃属9种植物种子形态及其系统学讨论

对金丝桃属5组9种植物的种子进行了宏观及微观形态学研究,以探讨岐山金丝桃的系统位置。结果显示,种子形态特征在本实验观察的5个组之间有明显差异。其中金丝桃组种子外形较为细长,种皮纹饰为狭长而规则的矩形网纹;黄海棠组种子稍粗,种皮纹饰为长宽近等的多边形(稀矩形)网纹;元宝草组的元宝草、贯叶连翘组的贯叶连翘以及挺茎遍地金组的云南小连翘种子均较小,元宝草种皮纹饰为负网纹,贯叶连翘种皮纹饰为相邻网纹间有间隙的近圆形网纹,云南小连翘种皮纹饰为复网纹。研究显示,岐山金丝桃的种子形态与黄海棠组最为接近,支持岐山金丝桃归于黄海棠组。     

铜绿假单胞菌对镉胁迫苗期水稻根系活力及叶片生理特性的影响

为揭示耐镉铜绿假单胞菌缓解镉胁迫水稻的生理效应,以无镉处理为对照,通过添加菌液、空载体、菌剂及20μmol·L^-1 Cd进行水培试验,分析了菌株对苗期水稻根系活力及叶片生理特性的影响.结果表明:镉胁迫显著抑制了水稻的根系活力,降低了叶片光合效率、抗氧化酶活性及可溶性蛋白、类黄酮与总酚含量,提高了叶片丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子(O2-)含量.与镉处理相比,添加菌液、菌剂处理的水稻根系活力分别提高了36.1%~42.5%、49.4%~53.0%;叶片净光合速率提高了118.5%~147.1%、137.6%~156.9%;可溶性蛋白含量提高了37.0%~49.3%、37.7%~72.6%.菌剂处理的水稻叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别比Cd处理提高了36.9%~42.6%、82.7%~92.6%、43.3%~52.2%,菌液处理的SOD、POD、CAT则分别比Cd处理提高了25.8%~36.6%、40.9%~55.9%、24.0%~29.2%,菌剂对水稻叶片抗氧化酶的促进效应显著高于菌液;菌剂、菌液处理的水稻叶片MDA含量分别比Cd处理降低了44.8%~54.7%、29.4%~41.9%;O2-含量减少了9.9%~10.2%、3.0%~7.1%;菌剂处理后类黄酮、总酚含量分别比Cd处理提高了125.4%~135.7%、100.8%~119.4%;菌液处理后则分别提高了139.4%~146.7%、115.0%~134.7%.可见,铜绿假单胞菌及其菌剂通过提高苗期水稻根系活力、光合作用促进了苗期水稻的生长.铜绿假单胞菌通过增强水稻抗氧化酶活性、提高类黄酮和总酚等抗氧化物质含量,表现出显著的缓解镉胁迫效应.     

Quantitative analysis of the active components and the by-products of eight dry extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. (St John's Wort)

The major components of eight different batches of commercially available dry extracts of Hypericum perforatum L. were quantified. Hyperforin (1), hypericin (2) and flavonoids, which are considered to play key roles in the treatment of mild and moderate depressive disorders, were determined by HPLC methods. The contents of 1, 2 and flavonoids were found to be in the range of 1.3-3.9%, 0.19-0.30%, and 4.8-11.4%, respectively. Generally extracts contained, besides the so-called active components, a wide variety of by-products which may act partially as co-effectors and affect the technological properties of the extracts. Water-soluble sugars form one of the main groups of these by-products, and a procedure for the purification and quantification of such sugars in H. perforatum using HPLC with refractive index detection has been established. Native fructose, glucose and sucrose, as well as lactose added during the processing of the extracts, were determined. The total sugar content in the dry herbal extracts varied from 19 to 25% by weight. Further, citric acid (0.9-2.3%) and malic acid (2.3-3.1%) were determined by HPLC, tannins (6.2-9.0%) and total ash (4.9-8.4%) were quantified according to the methods described in the European Pharmacopoeia, and the content of the total protein (3.9-8.3%) was estimated by elemental analysis. Thus, 60-70% of the compounds of the H. perforatum dry extracts have been quantified.     

Antimicrobial activity of some Hypericum species

The crude methanolic extracts of six species of Hypericum [H. caprifoliatum Cham. & Schlecht., H. carinatum Griseb., H. connatum Lam., H. ternum A. St. Hil., H. myrianthum Cham. & Schlecht. and H. polyanthemum Klotzsch ex Reichardt] growing in southern Brazil were analyzed for antimicrobial activity against several microorganisms (bacteria and fungi). The most active plant was H. caprifoliatum, which showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus. Only H. polyanthemum and H. ternum extracts were active against Bacillus subtilis. None of the crude methanolic extracts showed activity against S. epidermidis, Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Extracts from these species were evaluated chemically and tannin, flavonoid and phenolic acids were the prominent compounds. The plants contained quercitrin, hyperoside (except H. connatum) and, less frequently, isoquercitrin and chlorogenic acid. In contrast to H. perforatum, which has high concentrations of rutin, these species do not produce this flavonoid or it appears as traces. The tannin concentration varied between 5.1 and 16.7% in H. myrianthum and H. ternum, respectively.     

基于灰色关联的苗药红禾麻总黄酮含量影响因子分析

采用Al Cl3比色法对苗药红禾麻42个居群中的总黄酮含量进行分析测定,并用土壤养分测定仪测定对应产地土壤中的铵态氮、速效磷、有效钾、p H值和水分,通过向距产地较近的气象部门查询和以全球卫星定位系统GPS、海拔表等测定地理气候因子,结合42个居群红禾麻ISSR遗传多样性分析结果,运用灰色关联度分析法对红禾麻不同种质资源药材中总黄酮的含量与各影响因子进行相关性分析。结果表明:42个红禾麻不同种质资源药材总黄酮含量为0.42%~2.16%,平均加样回收率为97.86%,RSD为1.5%;环境因子和遗传因子中与总黄酮含量关联度较大的因素分别为无霜期和Shannon信息指数I,而各影响因子与总黄酮含量的关联度中,以Shannon信息指数I(r=1.03)最大,土壤p H(r=0.49)最小,表明遗传因子对红禾麻药材总黄酮含量的影响大于环境因子。该研究结果为红禾麻药材优良种质资源筛选及野生变家种研究提供了依据。     

鄂西产三种野生葛总黄酮含量的紫外分光光度法测定

鄂西产三种野生葛总黄酮含量的紫外分光光度法测定李石生刘欣邓京振赵守训（中国药科大学天然药物化学教研室,南京２１００３８）Ｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｏｔａｌｆｌａｖｏｎｏｉｄｉｎ３ｗｉｌｄｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＰｕｅｒａｒｉａｆｒｏｍＷｅｓｔＨｕｂ...     

空气湿度与土壤水分胁迫对紫花苜蓿叶表皮蜡质特性的影响

选用2个抗旱性不同的紫花苜蓿品种,敖汉(强抗旱)和三得利(弱抗旱),设置空气湿度(45%-55%和75%-85%)和土壤水分胁迫(75%和35%田间持水量)处理,分析紫花苜蓿叶表皮蜡质含量、组分及晶体结构、气体交换参数、水势及脯氨酸含量的变化规律。结果表明,单独土壤水分胁迫时,紫花苜蓿叶表皮蜡质晶体结构及蜡质总量无显著变化;敖汉蜡质组分中烷类、酯类含量增加,醇类含量下降;三得利醇类含量下降,烷类、酯类含量变化不显著。低空气湿度胁迫时,两品种蜡质总量无显著变化,烷类和酯类含量显著增加,醇类含量显著下降,叶表皮片状蜡质晶体结构熔融呈弥漫性,扩大了对叶表面积的覆盖,其蒸腾速率显著低于正常湿度。复合胁迫处理时,叶表皮片状蜡质晶体结构继续呈弥漫性,烷类、酯类、未知蜡质组分含量均高于单独胁迫处理,醇类含量最低,而蜡质总量除三得利显著高于对照外,其余均无显著差异。紫花苜蓿叶表皮蜡质各组分含量(除醇类)及蜡质总量与光合速率呈显著负相关,与蒸腾速率无显著相关关系。蜡质总量与叶水势呈显著正相关。总体上,敖汉蜡质总量显著高于三得利,蜡质组分中烷类物质的增加有助于提高植株的抗旱性。在复合胁迫下,强抗旱品种主要通过气孔因素控制水分散失,而弱抗旱品种通过气孔和非气孔因素共同控制植物水分散失。     

Serotonin mediates beneficial effects of Hypericum perforatum on nicotine withdrawal signs.

Antidepressants may be effective treatment for smoking cessation and new evidence on relationship between smoking and depression is emerging. Extracts of the plant Hypericum perforatum possess antidepressant activity in humans and reduce nicotine withdrawal signs in mice. Both nicotine and H. perforatum administration elicit changes in serotonin (5-HT) formation in the brain. On this basis, we investigated the possible involvement of 5-HT in the beneficial effects of H. perforatum on nicotine withdrawal signs. With the aim to induce nicotine dependence, nicotine (2 mg/kg, four intraperitoneal injections daily) was administered for 14 days to mice (NM). Saline (controls, M) or H. perforatum extract (Ph 50, 500 mg/kg) were orally administered immediately after the last nicotine injection for 30 days after nicotine withdrawal. Another group of animals treated with nicotine (14 days) and successively with H. perforatum extract was intraperitoneally co-administered with selective 5-HT receptorial antagonist WAY 100635 (WAY) (1 mg/kg). All animals were evaluated for locomotor activity and abstinence signs, 24 after nicotine withdrawal. Brain 5-HT metabolism was evaluated in the cortex of mice sacrificed 30 days after nicotine withdrawal through evaluation of 5-HT, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and 5-HIAA/5-HT ratio. After nicotine withdrawal measurement of 5-HT metabolism in the cortex showed a reduction of 5-HT content while animals treated only with Hypericum extract showed a significant reduction of total abstinence score compared to controls. WAY inhibited the reduction of total abstinence score induced by H. perforatum. Moreover, 5-HT1A expression has been evaluated 30 days after nicotine withdrawal. Our results, show a significant increase of cortical 5-HT content in NM treated with H. perforatum, with a concomitant significant increase of 5-HT1A receptor. So, it is possible to suggest an involvement of 5-HT in beneficial effects of H. perforatum on suffering produced by nicotine withdrawal in dependent mice.     

In vitro pollen germination in Hypericum perforatum L. and Hypericum rumeliacum Boiss

In vitro pollen germination and pollen tube growth investigations are valuable tools used in identification of the effects of environmental factors and genotypic differences on pollen viability, pollen germination and tube elongation. In this study pollen viability, in vitro pollen germination capacity, abnormality ratios and tube length in germinated pollens of Hypericum perforatum L. and H. rumeliacum Boiss. were investigated. Both of these species has spheroid-shaped and tricolporate pollen grains. The diameters of Hypericum perforatum and H. rumeliacum pollens were found as 24 +/- 3 microm and 19 +/- 2 microm, respectively. Pollen viability of H. perforatum and H. rumeliacum was found as 83% and 72%, respectively. The germination percentages were found as 12.85% for H. perforatum and 64.42% for H. rumeliacurm. Tube lengths in germinated pollens of both taxa were measured approximately as 95.25 +/- 38 microm in H. perforatum and 165.92 +/- 53 microm in H. rumeliacium 4 h after inoculation. In germinated pollen grains of H. perlbratum and H. rumeliacumn abnormality percentages were determined as 13.23% and 43.97%, respectively. In germinated pollens of these two species, highly significant (P < 0.00001) differences in in vitro germination percents and abnormality percents were observed. Abnormalities such as swollen tube tip, branched tube, spiralled tube and excessive tube formation were observed in pollen tubes. The results of this study showed that there were obvious differences in pollen germinability between these two species growing under the same environmental conditions.     

两种梭梭根部输导组织坚韧度及其抗旱性

以梭梭和白梭梭一年生盆栽幼苗为试材,测定60％（对照）、40％和20％的土壤相对含水量（sRwc）处理20d后两种梭梭同化枝的电导率和含水量,地上和地下部水势,根部木质素、纤维素、半纤维素含量,根肉质化程度和根长度。结果表明：两种梭梭同化枝含水量随着SRWC的下降均保持较高的水平;SRWC为40％和20％时,两种同化枝电导率的变化不显著,且均保持较低的值;两种梭梭地下部与地上部水势差值随土壤含水量的降低而增大;SRWC为40％的土壤条件促进两种梭梭的根系生长,20％的SRWC条件下仍保持与对照一样的水平;不同SRWC条件下,梭梭和白梭梭根部的木质素、纤维素、半纤维素含量的变化幅度均较小,且保持很高的水平,总含量分别为46．9％-53．3％和50．6％-57．6％。由此推断,在干旱胁迫下两种梭梭的根系依赖于较强的根部榆导组织坚韧度,往土壤深层扎根找水,适应干旱环境。